2018\u5e745\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ece\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u592b\u8fc1\u5f80\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u516c\u4e3b\u201d\u4f0a\u4e07\u5361\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5973\u5a7f\u201d\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e93\u4ec0\u7eb3\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u63ed\u5e55\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u7279\u6717\u666e\u672c\u4eba\u8fd8\u7528\u4e00\u5219\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u795d\u8d3a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7279\u6717\u666e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c5\u670814\u65e5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b64\u4e3e\u662f\u5411\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4eba\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\u53d1\u51fa\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5973\u5a7f\u5e93\u4ec0\u7eb3\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u66f4\u80fd\u5f70\u663e\u6b64\u6b21\u76db\u5927\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u8bb8\u8bfa\u8981\u5c06\u4f7f\u9986\u642c\u8fc1\u81f3\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u90fd\u98df\u8a00\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7279\u6717\u666e\u603b\u7edf\u8fd9\u79cd\u8a00\u51fa\u5fc5\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u529e\u6210\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5728\u4e0a\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53f3\u7ffc\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8bfa\u8a00\u5151\u73b0\u201d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u76db\u6012\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u897f\u65b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c06\u6b64\u4e8b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u575f\u5934\u8df3\u821e\u201d\uff08dancing on the dead\uff09\u7684\u90aa\u5178\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
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2017\u5e74\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002100\u5e74\u524d\u768411\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6218\u4e8b\u6b63\u9163\u7684\u5f53\u53e3\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u5f7c\u5f97\u683c\u52d2\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u505c\u706b\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u9000\u51fa\u4e00\u6218\u3002\u800c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u6218\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u53d1\u52a8\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\uff08General Allenby\uff09\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\uff08Egyptian Expeditionary Force\uff09\u7ec8\u4e8e\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u7684\u96f7\u7535\u519b\u56e2\uff08Yildirim Army Group\uff09\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u534a\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u52a0\u6c99\u6218\u5f79\uff08Battle of Gaza\uff09\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5730\u533a\u7684\u52a0\u6c99\u57ce\u3002\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5468\u62a5\u300a\u72b9\u592a\u7f16\u5e74\u300b\uff08The Jewish Chronicle\uff09\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\uff08Arthur Balfour\uff09\u5199\u7ed9\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u7537\u7235\uff08Walter Rothschild\uff09\u7684\u77ed\u4fe1\u3002\u4fe1\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u662f\u5f53\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u52a0\u6c99\u6218\u5f79\u8fd8\u672a\u6253\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8868\u6001\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff08The Balfour Declaration\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u91cc\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u652f\u6301\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u5bb6\u201d\uff08national home\uff09\u7684\u8868\u6001\u4f3c\u4e4e\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u624d\u521a\u521a\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u51e0\u7ecf\u632b\u6298\u4e4b\u540e\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u52a0\u6c99\uff0c\u4f46\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u8ddd\u79bb\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u8fd8\u5f88\u9065\u8fdc\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u5757\u5f53\u65f6\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7ed9\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5374\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5c1a\u672a\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5219\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fc4\u56fd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6295\u5165\u65e5\u6e10\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u521a\u521a\u5bf9\u5fb7\u5ba3\u6218\u4e0d\u8db37\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b64\u4e3e\u80fd\u591f\u8d62\u5f97\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u52a0\u5927\u7f8e\u4fc4\u5bf9\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5f00\u901a\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u5185\u9646\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u7ea2\u6d77\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u6cbf\u7ebf\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4fbf\u4e0d\u65ad\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u62c6\u89e3\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u5317\u975e\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ece\u51e1\u7279\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3002\u800c\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u51fa\u5356\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8ba8\u597d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u518d\u6b21\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e86\u5bf9\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u9886\u571f\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u201d\uff08divide and rule\uff09\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b<\/p>\n
\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u8fd8\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u5408\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\uff08Lloyd George\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u969c\u6218\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e9\u57281916\u5e74\u79d8\u5bc6\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u8d5b\u514b\u65af-\u76ae\u514b\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff08Sykes-Picot Agreement\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u4e09\u65b9\u4fbf\u534f\u8bae\u74dc\u5206\u4e86\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u88ab\u74dc\u5206\u6210\u4e867\u4efd\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u82f1\u6cd5\u4fc4\u610f\u56db\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e24\u5757\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u5206\u522b\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u59d4\u4efb\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u7ea6\u65e6\u4e0e\u5927\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u7ba1\u201d\uff08international administration\uff09\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u62b1\u6028\u300a\u8d5b\u514b\u65af-\u76ae\u514b\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u4e2d\u6cd5\u56fd\u83b7\u76ca\u592a\u591a\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5357\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u7684\u7126\u571f\u4e0a\u69a8\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4e94\u9738\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u5148\u8868\u6001\u5c06\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7ed9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u65e0\u7591\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u6218\u540e\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u516c\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u6574\uff0c\u5357\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u7684\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u6218\u5f79\uff08Battle of Jerusalem\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\u30021917\u5e7412\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e02\u957f\u7684 Husseinal-Husayni \u6325\u821e\u7740\u767d\u65d7\uff0c\u51fa\u57ce\u5411\u82f1\u519b\u6295\u964d\u3002\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c1917\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u9a7b\u57c3\u53ca\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u7684\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u5e26\u9886\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u968f\u5458\u5927\u6b65\u6d41\u661f\u5730\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e86\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u57ce\u3002\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u50cf\u662f\u4e3a\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u4e89\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u5242\u5f3a\u5fc3\u9488\u3002\u52b3\u5408\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\u5174\u594b\u5730\u5c06\u4e4b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eca\u5e74\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5723\u8bde\u793c\u7269\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dc5\u5cf0\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u8981\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5bf9\u5e7f\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e43\u81f3\u6c11\u4f17\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u9738\u4e1a\u201d\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u795e\u5723\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4f50\u8bc1\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\uff08PaxBritannica\uff09\u7684\u5929\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u5728\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u520a\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e00\u5219\u793e\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u72c2\u559c\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u793e\u8bba\u5f00\u7bc7\u4fbf\u8bf4\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6574\u573a\u6218\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u786e\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u738b\u56fd\u201d\uff08Christendom\uff09\u5386\u53f2\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u9677\u843d\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u4e86\u201c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9b3c\u5b50\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\uff08the tyranny of the Turk is doomed\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793e\u8bba\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5199\u5230\uff0c\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u5165\u57ce\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5723\u6218\uff08a crusade for human liberties\uff09\u201d\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5723\u6218\u201c\u590d\u5174\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u88ab\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u52bf\u529b\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u5148\u524d\u90a3\u8bb8\u591a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u519b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u201d\u8fdb\u5165\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u53c8\u8ba9\u201c\u65b0\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u8fd9\u5ea7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u57ce\u201d\u518d\u6b21\u201c\u6062\u590d\u8363\u5149\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u50cf\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u4eff\u4f5b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u67b6\u65f6\u5149\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8f7d\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65e9\u57281939\u5e74\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u970d\u5217\u7279\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\uff08Edward Hallett Carr\uff09\u4fbf\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5371\u673a\u300b\uff08The Twenty Years\u2019Crisis\uff09\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u65e9\u57281914\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5723\u7684\u9884\u5146\u3002\u5b83\u9884\u793a\u7740\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f97\u77e5\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u524d\u9996\u76f8\u3001\u52b3\u5408\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u963f\u65af\u594e\u65af\uff08H. H. Asquith,1925\u5e74\u88ab\u6388\u52cb\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u725b\u6d25\u53ca\u963f\u65af\u594e\u65af\u52cb\u7235\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u96c6\u4f1a\u4e0a\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u5c06\u519b\u5c06\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u65d7\u5e1c\u63d2\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u201d\u7684\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\uff0c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u9971\u53d7\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u82e6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u201c\u72c2\u559c\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7231\u597d\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u963f\u65af\u594e\u65af\u575a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u80dc\u5229\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u8363\u8000\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u50cf\u82f1\u56fd\u5148\u524d\u76d8\u7b97\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8ba9\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u500d\u611f\u5174\u594b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u827e\u4f26\u6bd4\u8fdb\u9a7b\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u72b9\u592a\u4f1a\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u76db\u5927\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u5229\u5179\u548c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u62c9\u6bd4\u4eec\u4e5f\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u5e86\u795d\u201c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u3002\u7977\u8bcd\u4e2d\u8fd8\u683c\u5916\u795d\u798f\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u738b\u4e54\u6cbb\u516d\u4e16\u4ee5\u53ca\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u7fa4\u4e5f\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u76db\u8d5e\u5728\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0b\u201d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u571f\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u4ece\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u300a\u72b9\u592a\u4e16\u754c\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Jewish World\uff09\u8fd8\u8054\u7cfb\u300a\u8d1d\u5c14\u798f\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u79f0\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8ba4\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5c5e\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u5f3a\u56fd\u201d\uff08the greatest Jewish Power on earth\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u65f6\u523b\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u6b63\u597d\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u8c61\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
2017\u5e7412\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\u57c3\u53ca\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e00\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4ec5\u5dee\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u6717\u666e\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u8fc1\u81f3\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u5728\u5176\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u79f0\u201c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u4eca\u66f4\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\uff1b\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u4eba\uff1b\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u643a\u624b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u8c0b\u6c42\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5f81\u7a0b\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6c11\u4f17\u4e3e\u884c\u96c6\u4f1a\u6297\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u9996\u90fd<\/p>\n
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\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u52301917\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u5411\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u4eec\u5ba3\u4f20\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u201d\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8363\u8000\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8363\u8000\u611f\u4e5f\u5145\u65a5\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u9053\u5fb7\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6070\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5177\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u9738\u6743\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5374\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4eec\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u628a\u6587\u660e\u4e16\u754c\u5e26\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7167\u8000\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Evangelicalism\uff09\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u5c06\u6b96\u6c11\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u8d50\u7684\u201c\u6587\u660e\u5316\u201d\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f81\u5175\u8fd8\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u52a1\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f97\u5931\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u8fd8\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u6d77\u62a5\u4e0a\u7684\u6807\u8bed\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u53c2\u519b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u4e16\u754c\uff08Jointhe Army and see the world\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4eca\u5929\u7279\u6717\u666e\u201c\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u518d\u6b21\u4f1f\u5927\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5e76\u672a\u504f\u79bb\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5728\u300a\u5927\u5916\u4ea4\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08Congress of Vienna\uff09\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u4e2a\u5927\u56fd\u5f3a\u6743\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d9\u4e8b\u91cc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5be1\u5934\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u975e\u4f46\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5c0f\u56fd\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u91cc\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f53\u4e2d\u5927\u4f53\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u5bf9\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u5373\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86ius cosmopoliticum\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\uff08Erdb\u00fcrger\uff09\u4e4b\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u7684\u516c\u5171\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08supra-national\uff09\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u6765\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fb9\u6c81\u3002\u4e0e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fb9\u6c81\u5c06\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u6c11\u6cd5\uff08ius gentium\uff09\u201d\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u201d\uff08international law\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9international\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u6c11\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3aLaw of nations\uff08\u8bf8\u56fd\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cLaw of Nations\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u8bf8\u56fd\u4e4b\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u800cinternational law\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf8\u56fd\u5747\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fb9\u6c81\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5362\u68ad\u5f0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u201c\u516c\u5171\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\uff08General will\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fb9\u6c81\u8ddf\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u5171\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fb9\u6c81\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4Nation\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86Cosmopolitanism\u548cInternationalism\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u30021880\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5546\u4eba\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5170\uff08Sir Donald Horne Macfarlane\uff09\u5728\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5f53\u5e7411\u6708\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u5c31\uff0c1881-1882\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e0c\u91cc\uff08John RobertSeeley\uff09\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u6700\u540e1883\u5e74,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7ed3\u96c6\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u822c\u4fbf\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u5e0c\u91cc\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f53\u91cf\u5982\u6b64\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\uff1f\u4e66\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5e0c\u91cc\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u6240\u53ca\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8870\u843d\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
Seeley\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u8981\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u53f2\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u88ab\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u7834\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u89e3\u653e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5149\u8363\u201d\u65f6\u523b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u62ef\u6551\u82f1\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u9738\u6743\u7684\u8870\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u300a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e4b\u540e\u5927\u7ea6100\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u798f\u5c71\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5168\u7403\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u4e4b\u4eba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4fbf\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\uff08Pax Americana\uff09\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n
1941\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u520a\u8f7d\u4e86\u4e3b\u7f16\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u9c81\u65af\uff08Henry Luce\uff09\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e16\u7eaa\u300b\uff08The American Century\uff09\u7684\u793e\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c1a\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002\u9c81\u65af\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u6587\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u6c11\u4f17\u5fc3\u4e2d\u63a8\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08isolationism\uff09\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u798f\u97f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9c81\u65af\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u975e\u4f46\u5371\u5bb3\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\uff08unamerican\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u53ec\u5524\u7f8e\u56fd\u62e5\u62b1\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u975e\u5e38\u7b26\u5408\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9c81\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u57fa\u7840\uff08morality\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9c81\u65af\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8d5e\u9882\u4e2d\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u9c81\u65af\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08The American Internationalism\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f3c\u4e4e\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6070\u6070\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u201c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\uff08Pax Romana\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u5929\u7136\u7684\u65b0\u9738\u4e3b\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\u76f8\u5e94\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e16\u7eaa\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u8c61\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n
\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u53ca\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\uff08The White Man\u2019s Burden\uff09\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u9738\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e89\u9738\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f31\u8005\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u88ab\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53d7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5f3a\u8005\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u4e00\u540c\u5e26\u5165\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\u3002\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u843d\u540e\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6b63\u598219\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u63cf\u8ff0\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u897f\u4e9a\u75c5\u592b\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u75c5\u592b\u201d\u3002\u800c\u6446\u8131\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u75c5\u592b\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5360\u636e\u5f3a\u8005\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u9c81\u8fc5\u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u201c\u5899\u5934\u53d8\u5e7b\u5927\u738b\u65d7\u201d\u3002\u5e73\u7b49\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u666f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5360\u636e\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u63d0\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u4e86\u5f62\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a01\u80c1\u8bba\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u8bbe\u60f3\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbb\u4e16\u201d\uff08Pax Sinica\uff09\u4e0b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u575a\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u8870\u5f31\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u800c\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u9738\u6743\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u4e0e\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c1919\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u653f\u515a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u575a\u6301\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u5de5\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08AchdutHaavodah\uff09\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u6d3e\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5219\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\uff1a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4eba\u515a\uff08The Party of Socialist Workers\uff09\u201d\u3002\u540e\u8005\u7ad9\u5728\u9636\u7ea7\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53cd\u5bf9\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
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20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5f31\u5c0f\u4e0e\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f31\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u5408\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u53cd\u6297\u9738\u6743\u8005\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u9738\u6743\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5173\u8054\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u538b\u8feb\u9769\u547d\u4fbf\u4e5f\u540c\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u79e9\u5e8f\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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