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\u8f6c\u53d8<\/p>\n

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\u72c2\u70ed<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u662f\u5176\u901a\u5411\u5e1d\u56fd\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u5bfb\u6c42\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u53ea\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u81a8\u80c0\u800c\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u5df2\u7ecf\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5229\u76ca\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9700\u6c42–\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u201c\u9633\u5149\u4e0b\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1888\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4f4d\u4ec5\u4e00\u767e\u5929\u7684\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e09\u4e16\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u5b50\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u00b7\u7ef4\u514b\u6258\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u662f\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u6fc0\u60c5\u3001\u597d\u5927\u559c\u529f\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff1b\u5176\u6027\u683c\u51b2\u52a8\u800c\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u505a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u5f3a\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u4eff\u6548\u5176\u5916\u7956\u6bcd\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u7687\uff0c\u68a6\u60f3\u4f7f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u5730\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u5185\u591a\u6570\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e00\u62cd\u5373\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3001\u5f20\u626c\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5949\u884c\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u514b\u5236\u3001\u97ec\u6666\u7684\u5927\u9646\u7b56\u7565\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u5c45\u529f\u81f3\u4f1f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f7f\u65b0\u7687\u5e1d\u611f\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u5404\u754c\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u55c5\u51fa\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5bf9\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u975e\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u5c4a\u4e03\u65ec\u7684\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u65b0\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c1890\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u89e3\u804c\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u6c49\u5821\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fe7\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u5730\u671b\u7740\u4ed6\u503e\u6ce8\u6bd5\u751f\u5fc3\u8840\u7f14\u9020\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u8f66\u9a76\u5411\u672a\u77e5\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u521d\u5177\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5546\u8239\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89c4\u6a21\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u901a\u5f80\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u822a\u8def\u7545\u901a\u65e0\u963b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5904\u4e8e\u4ed6\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5e38\u501a\u52a9\u6b66\u529b\u6765\u503e\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5e73\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65f6\u65e5\u5ed6\u82e5\u6668\u661f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5145\u6ee1\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u968f\u65f6\u9700\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b9e\u90fd\u9020\u6210\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e00\u652f\u5f3a\u5927\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u70ed\u5207\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fb7\u7687\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u30021889\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u767b\u57fa\u4ec5\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u4ee5\u540d\u8a89\u6d77\u519b\u5143\u5e05\u8eab\u4efd\u7387\u9886\u2014\u652f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8230\u8247\u5206\u961f\uff0c\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u76db\u5927\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u9605\u8230\u5f0f\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5357\u90e8\u6000\u7279\u5c9b\u5916\u65af\u76ae\u7279\u6d77\u5fb7(Spithead)\u6d0b\u9762\u6d69\u5927\u58ee\u89c2\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u6218\u8230\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ee4\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u6240\u6311\u9009\u7684\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u201d\u6218\u8230\u76f8\u5f62\u89c1\u62d9\u3002\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5178\u793c\u5f3a\u70c8\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u9738\u4e3b\u6c14\u52bf\u4f7f\u5176\u7fa1\u6155\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

1890\u5e745\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5148\u540e\u5f00\u5de5\u4e864\u8258\u52c3\u5170\u767b\u5821\u7ea7(Brandenburg)\u6218\u5217\u8230\u3002\u4e0e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u94c1\u7532\u8230\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u7ea7\u8230\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u516c\u6d77\u6218\u6597\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u8230\u961f\u6d77\u4e0a\u51b3\u6218\u601d\u60f3\u653e\u5728\u9996\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u7687\u6743\u201d\u7ea7(Royal Sovereign)\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u94c1\u7532\u6218\u5217\u8230\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u540e\u6765\u9646\u7eed\u5efa\u9020\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u6218\u5217\u8230(\u524d\u65e0\u754f\u8230)\uff0c\u5747\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u5927\u6d0b\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u201c\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u30021890\u5e74\u9a6c\u6c49\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u6d77\u6743\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u300a\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1660-1783\u300b\u30022\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u300a\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c1793\u20141812\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u4e0e1812\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u300b\u9762\u4e16\u3002\u9a6c\u6c49\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u6d77\u519b\u53f2\u3001\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u6218\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u519b\u6218\u672f\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u9a6c\u6c49\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u76f8\u5bf9\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5404\u6d77\u6d0b\u5f3a\u56fd\u548c\u6d77\u519b\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u88ab\u8bd1\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u9965\u4f3c\u6e34\u7684\u62dc\u8bfb\u4e86\u9a6c\u6c49\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u6df1\u6298\u670d\u4e8e\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u5f53\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u6240\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u57281890\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u603b\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd8\u6392\u540d\u4e8e\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5e2e\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5fd9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u6b63\u597d\u8d76\u4e0a\u6d77\u519b\u88c5\u5907\u5927\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u98ce\u5e06\u65f6\u4ee3\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u84b8\u6c7d\u94a2\u94c1\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6765\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u7528\u82b1\u8d39\u5de8\u5927\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u57f9\u517b\u5177\u6709\u6d77\u6d0b\u6027\u683c\u7684\u8239\u957f\u548c\u6c34\u5175\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u780d\u5149\u68ee\u6797\u6362\u53d6\u96c4\u4f1f\u7684\u98ce\u5e06\u6218\u5217\u8230\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5fb7\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u501f\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u534f\u8c03\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e13\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

1897\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u63d0\u5c14\u76ae\u8328\u5c11\u5c06(A1frod Tirpitz)\u88ab\u5fb7\u7687\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6b65\u4f10\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u63d0\u5c14\u76ae\u8328\u65e9\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u6218\u672f\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u5217\u8230\u6d3e\u4eba\u571f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u4e14\u9887\u5177\u653f\u6cbb\u5934\u8111\u3002\u4e0e\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63d0\u5c14\u76ae\u8328\u4e5f\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6c49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u5d07\u5907\u81f3\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5fb7\u56fd\u501f\u52a9\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u5c14\u76ae\u8328\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u5fb7\u7687\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u70ed\u60c5\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u5927\u8086\u5ba3\u626c\u6d77\u6743\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u81f3\u5173\u5174\u4ea1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u4e89\u53d6\u4e0e\u9646\u519b\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u5f97\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5404\u754c\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d22\u9600\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7a7a\u524d\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

1898\u5e74\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u6d77\u519b\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u514b\u864f\u4f2f\u96c6\u56e2\u5145\u5f53\u5176\u7ecf\u8d39\u540e\u76fe\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u6d77\u519b\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u65f6\u5c1a\uff0c\u8054\u76df\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4f1a\u5458\u5373\u8fbe25\u4e07\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4ee5\u6d77\u519b\u7acb\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u8054\u76df\u3002\u52301904\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7100\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67091\uff0f4\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u5904\u5185\u9646\u7684\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u8054\u76df\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u4f17\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5171\u9e23\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u8054\u76df\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8574\u6db5\u4e8e\u8054\u76df\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u61a7\u61ac\u5df2\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5f3a\u70c8\u5de6\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u957f\u671f\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6e34\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u5f3a\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u878d\u6c47\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e00\u5fc3\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u51af\u00b7\u6bd4\u6d1b(von Bulow)\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u5ba3\u8a00\u822c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f3a\u56fd\u5728\u6743\u5229\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4ed6\u56fd\u540c\u6837\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5f3a\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f51\u52a9\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n

1898\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6781\u5bcc\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u63d0\u5c14\u76ae\u8328\u63d0\u4ea4\u76841898\u5e74\u6d77\u519b\u6269\u5145\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5efa\u902019\u8258\u6218\u5217\u8230\uff0c8\u8258\u88c5\u7532\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\uff0c6\u8258\u5927\u578b\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u548c16\u8258\u5c0f\u578b\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u7684\u9a71\u9010\u8230\u548c\u540e\u52e4\u652f\u63f4\u8239\u53ea\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6b63\u5f0f\u633a\u8fdb\u4e16\u754c\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u5fb7\u56fd\u51b3\u5fc3\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u51b7\u773c\u65c1\u89c2\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5728\u4e00\u6c34\u4e4b\u9694\u7684\u5bf9\u5cb8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b4b\u9aa8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u9738\u6743\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u5462?\u5b83\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5927\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5355\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u6df1\u9677\u975e\u6d32\u4e4b\u89d2\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u5730\u6d88\u8017\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\uff1b\u6cd5\u4fc4\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u88ab\u5fb7\u5965\u7275\u5236\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8c0b\u6c42\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5a01\u80c1\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u9065\u8fdc\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u629b\u51fa\u7684\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u7275\u5236\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u2026\u2026\u904d\u5e03\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u65e0\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u7684\u7167\u5e94\uff0c\u5949\u884c\u53cc\u5f3a\u6218\u7565(\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff09\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5728\u5bb6\u95e8\u53e3\u53c8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u652f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c1898\u5e74\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6269\u5145\u6cd5\u6848\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8b66\u89c9\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u62db\u81f4\u5176\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5047\u60f3\u654c\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5728\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u6cd5\u4fc4\u4e24\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fb7\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d77\u5916\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u4f7f\u4e4b\u96be\u4ee5\u524d\u51fa\u5230\u8fdc\u6d77\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u96be\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6548\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u4e8e1894\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u540c\u76df\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5949\u884c\u7684\u53cc\u5f3a\u6218\u7565\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u52c9\u5f3a\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6811\u7acb\u65b0\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u5929\u5e73\u5c31\u4f1a\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5468\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u652f\u5c06\u6bd4\u5934\u53f7\u6d77\u519b\u5f3a\u56fd\u8fd8\u8981\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u613f\u671b\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u9020\u6210\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u7684\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u5f53\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5efa\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u62db\u81f4\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6811\u7acb\u53c8\u4e00\u5f3a\u654c\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u77db\u5934\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5927\u6d77\u5916\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5047\u60f3\u654c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c06\u8fc7\u53bb\u904f\u6b62\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u904f\u6b62\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u589e\u529b\u519b\u8230\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5927\u529b\u4fee\u9020\u5404\u7c7b\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u8239\u575e\uff0c\u5317\u6d77\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u4e5f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u4f7f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d77\u519b\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u5236\u9020\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5fb7\u5c14\u5e03\u5415\u514b\u5728\u5176\u300a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fb7\u56fd\u5efa\u9020\u519b\u8230\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u00a0 \u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5149\u9760\u96c4\u5fc3\u58ee\u5fd7\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5f81\u670d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u2026\u2026\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5f81\u670d\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u529b\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u65b9\u9762\u8dc3\u8dc3\u6b32\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u81f3\u5c11\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u770b\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5f85\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5931\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5f3a\u56fd\u5171\u540c\u904f\u5236\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u5d1b\u8d77\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u627c\u6740\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u88ab\u627c\u6740\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56db\u9762\u6811\u654c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6311\u6218<\/p>\n

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\u78b0\u649e<\/p>\n

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1905\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e24\u5927\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5373\u5fb7\u5965\u540c\u76df\u548c\u6cd5\u4fc4\u534f\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u5965\u5360\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u5f31\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7531\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u70c8\uff1b\u4fc4\u56fd\u5219\u56e0\u9769\u547d\u548c\u52a8\u4e71\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u653f\u5c40\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u5927\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7ec8\u4f7f\u89c2\u671b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u534f\u7ea6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u82f1\u5fb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d77\u519b\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u65e5\u8d8b\u767d\u70ed\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

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