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[2]\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5766\u514b\u90e8\u961f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[3]\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u524d\u4e2d\u65e5\u519b\u961f\u90e8\u7f72\u6001\u52bf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[4]\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u5360\u4e1c\u4e09\u7701\uff08\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u5730\u56fe\u96c6\u300b\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[5]\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u6e05\u70b9\u673a\u67aa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[6]\u673a\u5e93\u4e2d\u88ab\u7f34\u83b7\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u7a7a\u519b\u98de\u673a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6d77\u519b\uff1a\u201c\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u52a8\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

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[7]\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u519b\u8230\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6d77\u573b\u201d\u53f7\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8230\u9996\u88c5\u9970\u6709\u9f99\u7eb9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[8]\u5728\u9752\u5c9b\u7684\u201c\u7403\u78e8\u201d\u53f7\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1935\u5e74<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[9]\u4e2d\u65e5\u56db\u8258\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u4f5c\u6218\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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[10]\u201c\u7403\u78e8\u201d\u53f7\u53d1\u5f80\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u7684\u7535\u6587\uff0c\u7ea2\u5708\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u52a0\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u7403\u78e8\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u540d\u5b57<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u5c3e\u58f0<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\uff0c\u5374\u4e27\u5e08\u5931\u5730\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u9057\u61be\u3002\u4f46\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u884c\u5f84\u6559\u80b2\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u767d\u5c71\u9ed1\u6c34\u95f4\u4fdd\u5bb6\u536b\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u8857\u5934\u5df7\u5c3e\u547c\u5401\u6551\u4ea1\u56fe\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u8367\u5e55\u4e0a\u8bb4\u6b4c\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u6bdb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\uff1f\u662f\u4ece\u5929\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u201c\u8001\u5e08\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u50cf\u5b83\u4e00\u6837\u628a\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u9b54\u722a\u4f38\u5411\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u88a4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u50cf\u5b83\u4e00\u6837\u628a\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u7684\u5634\u8138\u76f4\u63a5\u5c55\u73b0\u7ed9\u6570\u4ee5\u4ebf\u8ba1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u50cf\u5b83\u4e00\u6837\u628a\u4ea1\u56fd\u706d\u79cd\u7684\u5371\u673a\u611f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u4e0a\u81f3\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e0b\u81f3\u519c\u6751\u7684\u8d2b\u82e6\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5168\u6c11\u65cf\u6297\u65e5\u6551\u4ea1\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u67aa\u70ae\u548c\u523a\u5200\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u6c11\u53ea\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u652f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6218\u80dc\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff01<\/p>\n

\u9644\u5f55\uff1a\u4e1c\u5317\u9646\u519b\u6cbf\u9769\u6d45\u6790\uff08\u4ece\u5f20\u4f5c\u9716\u4e4b\u6b7b\u5230\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u524d\u5915\uff09<\/b><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u4f5c\u9716\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u5949\u7cfb\u519b\u9600\u4e8e1928\u5e7411\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6574\u7f16\uff0c\u6574\u7f16\u540e\u7684\u5949\u7cfb\u9646\u519b\u5b58\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u548c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u4e24\u5957\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u756a\u53f7\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u79f0\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u9646\u519b\u67d0\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u79f0\u201c\u67d0\u7701\u9646\u519b\u67d0\u90e8\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fdd\u536b\u56fd\u5883\uff0c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u8d1f\u8d23\u527f\u532a\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u6cbb\u5b89\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u662f\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u3001\u5f20\u4f5c\u76f8\u3001\u4e07\u798f\u9e9f\u7b49\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u76f4\u63a5\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u5219\u662f\u4e1c\u5317\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u529b\u6d3e\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8fbd\u5b81\u7701\uff0c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u8584\u5f31\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u7684\u5409\u6797\u548c\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7701\uff0c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u58ee\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

22\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30016\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u300110\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\uff0c8\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u30011\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u5927\u961f\u30011\u4e2a\u63a2\u7167\u706f\u961f\u30011\u4e2a\u8f8e\u91cd\u6559\u5bfc\u961f\u30011\u4e2a\u6218\u8f66\u961f\u30011\u4e2a\u94c1\u7532\u8f66\u961f\u30019\u4e2a\u5baa\u5175\u961f<\/p>\n

\u8fbd\u5b81\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u30014\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u5409\u6797\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

5\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\uff08\u7b2c8\u30019\u300113\u300118\u300121\u65c5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5360\u7528\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u662f\u7701\u9632\u519b\uff09\u30011\u4e2a\u536b\u961f\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30014\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5<\/p>\n

\u5174\u5b89\u5c6f\u57a6\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u70ed\u6cb3\u7701\u6c64\u7389\u9e9f\u90e8<\/p>\n

4\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\uff08\u5176\u4e2d1\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u9632\u519b\uff09\u30012\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u30011\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u30011\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u30011\u4e2a\u8f8e\u91cd\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8def\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u9646\u519b\u7b2c15\u65c5\u548c\u7b2c17\u65c5\u88ab\u6b7c\u706d\uff0c1930\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c14\u65c5\u88ab\u62c6\u6563\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n

1930\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5949\u519b\u5165\u5173\u8c03\u505c\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u5e26\u5165\u5173\u5185\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u6709\uff1a7\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30013\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30012\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u30012\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u30012\u4e2a\u5baa\u5175\u961f\u548c\u8f8e\u91cd\u90e8\u961f\u4e00\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5949\u519b\u6536\u7f16\u4e86\u5218\u6842\u5802\u90e8\uff0c\u7f16\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5317\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c1\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5949\u519b\u6539\u7f16\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5317\u8fb9\u9632\u519b\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\u6539\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u9646\u519b\u72ec\u7acb\u67d0\u90e8\u201c\uff0c\u7701\u9632\u519b\u7ef4\u6301\u539f\u756a\u53f7\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4e1c\u5317\u9646\u519b\u4e0b\u8f9625\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\uff08\u542b\u5409\u6797\u7701\u9632\u519b\u76845\u4e2a\u65c5\u548c\u5218\u6842\u5802\u90e8\u6539\u7f16\u800c\u6765\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u7b2c6\u65c5\uff09\u30016\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\uff08\u5f52\u5bdf\u54c8\u5c14\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5218\u7ffc\u98de\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u4ec52\u4e2a\u56e2\uff09\u3001\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7701\u72ec\u7acb\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u30013\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u70ae\u5175\u65c5\uff08\u4e0b\u8f968\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\uff09\u30012\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u30011\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u5175\u56e2\uff08\u4e0b\u8f964\u4e2a\u8425\uff09\u30012\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u30011\u4e2a\u8f8e\u91cd\u5175\u6559\u5bfc\u961f\u30016\u4e2a\u5baa\u5175\u5927\u961f\u30013\u4e2a\u6218\u8f66\u961f\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5766\u514b\u8425\uff09\u30015\u4e2a\u94c1\u7532\u8f66\u4e2d\u961f\u30012\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u5927\u961f\u548c1\u4e2a\u63a2\u7167\u706f\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u7684\u536b\u961f\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u6539\u7f16\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f963\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u961f\uff08\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u56e2\uff09\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u961f\u30011\u4e2a\u536b\u620d\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fbd\u5b81\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u30015\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u30011\u4e2a\u6d77\u9632\u7ec3\u519b\u8425<\/p>\n

\u5409\u6797\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

5\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\uff08\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5317\u8fb9\u9632\u519b\u91cd\u590d\uff09\u30011\u4e2a\u536b\u961f\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7701\u9632\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u536b\u961f\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u5174\u5b89\u5c6f\u57a6\u519b<\/p>\n

3\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2<\/p>\n

\u70ed\u6cb3\u7701\u6c64\u7389\u9e9f\u90e8<\/p>\n

1\u4e2a\u9646\u519b\u5e08\uff08\u4e0b\u8f963\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u30011\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\uff09\u30011\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u30012\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u30011\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u30011\u4e2a\u8f8e\u91cd\u5175\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

1931\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5165\u5173\u8ba8\u4f10\u77f3\u53cb\u4e09\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5728\u8fbd\u5b81\u768414\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u4ec5\u7559\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u65c5\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5168\u90e8\u5165\u5173\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5728\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u4ec5\u6709\u76842\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u4e5f\u5165\u5173\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u70ae\u5175\u4e5f\u5927\u90e8\u5165\u5173\uff0c\u4ec5\u7559\u4e0b1\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u548c1\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u3002
\n\u8ba8\u4f10\u77f3\u53cb\u4e09\u6218\u5f79\u540e\uff0c\u77f3\u53cb\u4e09\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e09\u519b\u6295\u964d\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\uff0c\u88ab\u6539\u7f16\u4e3a\u65b0\u7f16\u72ec\u7acb\u7b2c1\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f963\u4e2a\u56e2\u3002\u5165\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u5317\u9646\u519b\u9664\u4e86\u6b65\u5175\u7b2c20\u65c5\u64a4\u56de\u660c\u56fe\u4e00\u5e26\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5747\u7559\u5728\u5173\u5185\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f29\u51cf\u519b\u8d39\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd8\u88c1\u64a4\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u70ae\u5175\u7b2c13\u300114\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/b>
\n[1] \u80e1\u7389\u6d77, \u8303\u4e3d\u7ea2. \u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u8bba\u6790[J]. \u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5(\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248), 2008, 10(4):341-346.
\n[2] \u4e2d\u592e\u6863\u6848\u9986. \u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5185\u5e55:\u4f2a\u6ee1\u5b98\u5458\u4f9b\u8ff0[M]. \u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40, 2000.
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