{"id":12520,"date":"2022-10-09T04:58:07","date_gmt":"2022-10-08T20:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=12520"},"modified":"2023-04-25T16:56:41","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T08:56:41","slug":"%e7%ac%91%e6%ad%bb%ef%bc%8c%e6%80%80%e7%96%91%e9%bb%91%e5%bf%83%e6%88%bf%e4%b8%9c%e7%bb%99%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e5%90%83%e5%89%a9%e8%8f%9c%ef%bc%8c%e8%af%ba%e5%a5%96%e5%be%97%e4%b8%bb%e5%9c%a8%e9%a5%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=12520","title":{"rendered":"\u7b11\u6b7b\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u9ed1\u5fc3\u623f\u4e1c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u5269\u83dc\uff0c\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u5728\u996d\u91cc\u6492\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6000\u7591\u9ed1\u5fc3\u623f\u4e1c\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u5269\u83dc\uff0c\u996d\u91cc\u6492\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u2014\u793a\u8e2a\u6cd5\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<p>1911 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u65c5\u5c45\u5728\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u79df\u4f4f\u5728\u516c\u5bd3\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u623f\u4e1c\u9664\u4e86\u51fa\u79df\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u65e5\u9910\u996e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u53d1\u73b0\u5973\u623f\u4e1c\u597d\u50cf\u53ea\u6709\u5468\u65e5\u7528\u65b0\u9c9c\u725b\u8089\u505a\u996d\uff0c\u4e00\u5468\u5185\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u91cc\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u54ac\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\u7684\u725b\u6392\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u5207\u788e\u62cc\u8fdb\u4e86\u6c99\u62c9\u91cc\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u5403\u5269\u7684\u6c99\u62c9\u6405\u548c\u6405\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\u716e\u8fdb\u4e86\u6c64\u91cc\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eca\u5929\u661f\u671f\u51e0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8ba9\u4f60\u6362\u4e2a\u82b1\u6837\u5403\u5230\u661f\u671f\u5929\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u8089\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4f4d\u535a\u58eb\u5c61\u6b21\u6697\u793a\u5403\u65b0\u9c9c\u7684\u8089\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5973\u623f\u4e1c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\u575a\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u6bcf\u5929\u505a\u996d\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9c9c\u8089\uff0c<strong>\u53cd\u6b63\u996d\u662f\u6211\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u7b97\u6211\u8f93<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u623f\u4e1c\u663e\u7136\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5c0f\u4f19\u5b50\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u623f\u4e1c\u7684\u5634\u786c\uff0c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4e58\u5176\u4e0d\u5907\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5269\u996d\u4e2d\u6492\u5165\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u623f\u4e1c\u518d\u6b21\u7aef\u4e0a\u6765\u665a\u996d\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u638f\u51fa\u4e86\u6d4b\u91cf\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u4eea\u5668\uff1a\u623f\u4e1c\u4f60\u77a7\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6628\u5929\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u8089\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u8981\u63ed\u6653\u4e86\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p4.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221008\/e0efd889a618463fa0edf1cdd6eaad2b.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6562\u5728\u996d\u83dc\u91cc\u52a0\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u9b3c\u9a6c\u9752\u5e74\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c 1943 \u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\uff08George de Hevesy\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u9b3c\u9a6c\u4e8b\u8ff9\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p5.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221008\/d3300754f4024233aadd6d965b64dbec.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u949e\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u81ea\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1885 \u5e74 8 \u6708 1 \u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5c5e\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u8d35\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5bcc\u8d35\u4e0d\u662f\u6cdb\u6cdb\u800c\u8c08\uff0c\u662f\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e14\u5bcc\u4e14\u8d35\uff1a\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u8f88\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u72b9\u592a\u793e\u533a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u8001\u7238\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u9662\u4efb\u804c\u4e14\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u7684\u77ff\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u7267\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u7684\u5988\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u52cb\u7235\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u4ece\u5c0f\u8863\u98df\u65e0\u5fe7\uff0c\u4e0a\u8d77\u5b66\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u60a0\u7136\u81ea\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1903 \u5e74\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8f6c\u5b66\u53bb\u4e86\u67cf\u6797\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e86\u6ca1\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p5.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221008\/220ca20722f243988fbfbdf03ca8f048.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u611f\u67d3\u80ba\u708e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f6c\u5b66\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u6e29\u6696\u9002\u5408\u7597\u517b\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f17\u83b1\u5821\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u5446\u5728\u5f17\u83b1\u5821\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8e 1908 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8f85\u4fee\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u53bb\u4e86\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u5f53\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u52a9\u6559\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u8ddf\u968f\u5f17\u91cc\u8328\u00b7\u54c8\u4f2f\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u5f00\u521b\u6c2e\u6c14\u548c\u6c22\u6c14\u5408\u6210\u6c28\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u5956\u7684\u54c8\u4f2f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ece\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u54c8\u4f2f\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u8bfe\u9898\uff1a<\/li>\n<li>\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u4e0e\u7194\u878d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94be\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u94c5\u548c\u4e8c\u6c2f\u5316\u94c5\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<li>NaOH-KOH\u3001KOH-RbOH\u3001RbOH-CsOH\u7b49\u7194\u76d0\u7684\u76f8\u56fe<\/li>\n<li>\u7535\u89e3\u7194\u878d\u7684RbOH\u6765\u5236\u5907\u91d1\u5c5e\u94f7<\/li>\n<li>\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u76d0\u7684\u7535\u89e3\u5206\u79bb<\/li>\n<li>\u950c\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u535a\u58eb\u6216\u8005\u300c\u9752\u6912\u300d\u4e00\u6837\u5199\u9700\u8981\u5199\u672c\u5b50\u7533\u8bf7\u57fa\u91d1\u6216\u8005\u524a\u5c16\u8111\u888b\u94bb\u8fdb\u5927\u8001\u677f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u6709\u949e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u4ece\u4e0d\u4e3a\u751f\u8ba1\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u603b\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6709\u94b1\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u5730\u7231\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8c6a\u6c14\u996e\u91cd\u6c34\uff0c\u4eb2\u8eab\u793a\u8303\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u793a\u8e2a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1911 \u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5362\u745f\u798f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u745f\u798f\u56e0\u4e3a\u521a\u53d1\u8868\u5362\u745f\u798f\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3e\u4e16\u9707\u60ca\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u3001\u5e26\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u56db\u5468\u662f\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4e91\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5362\u745f\u798f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u793a\u8e2a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5bcc\u5bb6\u516c\u5b50\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u949e\u80fd\u529b\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u65af\u73bb\u5c14\uff08Niels Bohr\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u53cd\u590d\u6765\u5f80\u4e8e\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u3001\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u3001\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u94c5\u77ff\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u540e\u6765\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u94c5-210\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7740\u300c\u9f50\u767d\u77f3\u753b\u867e,\u5f90\u60b2\u9e3f\u753b\u9a6c,\u5f20\u5927\u5343\u753b\u864e,\u6211\u8001\u677f\u753b\u997c\u300d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5362\u745f\u798f\u7ed9\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u4f7f\u52b2 PUA 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src=\"http:\/\/p8.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221008\/288c90e092e241b0910cceaafab4ac1b.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1923 \u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u94c5-210 \u79cd\u690d\u4e86\u8695\u8c46\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u68c0\u9a8c\u8695\u8c46\u6839\u3001\u830e\u3001\u53f6\u548c\u679c\u5b9e\u4e2d\u94c5\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u4f5c\u7ed9\u5154\u5b50\u6ce8\u5c04\u542b\u6709\u94cb-210 \u7684\u836f\u7269\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5154\u5b50\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u94cb\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6210\u529f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u52a8\u3001\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8001\u677f\u5362\u745f\u798f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u6ca1\u80fd\u628a\u94c5-210 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1915 \u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3002\u57281922 \u5e74\u548c Dirk Coster \u5171\u540c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c 72 \u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u94ea(72Hf)\u00a0\u30021926 \u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u7ef4\u897f\u56de\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5165\u804c\u6bcd\u6821\u5f17\u8d56\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/p2.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221008\/37b669bde90346d194380ef852fd947e.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8bf4\u751f\u6d3b\u8d77\u8d77\u843d\u843d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u949e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u8fd8\u7b97\u8fc7\u5f97\u5145\u5b9e\u6ecb\u6da6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u597d\u65e5\u5b50\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e86 1933 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