\u64b0\u6587\uff1aJohn Banville<\/p>\n
\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u9676\u5c0f\u8def<\/p>\n
\u9996\u53d1\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b<\/p>\n
\u5f8b\u5e08\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u3001\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\uff08Mihail Sebastian\uff09\u5728\u300a1935\u5e74\u20141944\u5e74\u65e5\u8bb0\uff1a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5c81\u6708\u300b\uff08Journal 1935\u201344: The Fascist Years\uff09\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6b27\u6d32\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5c81\u6708\u6df1\u523b\u4e14\u52a8\u4eba\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5730\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6781\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u6218\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u706d\u7edd\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u65e5\u8bb0\uff08\u76f4\u52301996\u5e74\u624d\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c2000\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u4f69\u52d2\uff08Victor Klemperer\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e00\u6837\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7ef4\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u4f69\u52d2\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u300a\u6211\u4f1a\u4f5c\u89c1\u8bc1\u300b\u548c\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u59ae\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6784\u601d\u4f18\u7f8e\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u30101\u3011\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u3001\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u8ba9\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8\u53bb\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u80fd\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u3002\u300a\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u300b\uff08For Two Thousand Years\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u672c\u65e5\u8bb0\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u8fd9\u672c\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e00\u6837\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u662f\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5b5f\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u8d6b\u514b\u6258\uff08Iosif Mendel Hechter\uff09\u7684\u7b14\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5bb6\u4eba\u4f4f\u5728\u5e03\u52d2\u4f0a\u62c9\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u662f\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb3\u6e2f\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u9996\u90fd\u5e03\u52a0\u52d2\u65af\u7279\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5e03\u52a0\u52d2\u65af\u7279\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u53bb\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5230\u5e03\u52a0\u52d2\u65af\u7279\u3002\u5f52\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4eba\u7269\uff1a\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u6f2b\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u5e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u8ffd\u9010\u5973\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u5f53\u8fc7\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5199\u6563\u6587\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u620f\u5267\uff0c\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u7c73\u5c14\u6070\u00b7\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9a\u5fb7\uff08Mircea Eliade\uff09\u3001\u8427\u6c86\uff08Emil Cioran\uff09\u3001\u5c24\u91d1\u00b7\u5c24\u5185\u65af\u5e93\uff08Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco\uff09\u548c\u5361\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u4f69\u7279\u96f7\u65af\u5e93\uff08Camil Petrescu\uff09\u7b49\u4f5c\u5bb6\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n
1934\u5e74\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8e81\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6210\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b63\u8d70\u5411\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5f15\u8d77\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de6\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u6307\u8d23\u4ed6\u6709\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u53f3\u7ffc\u5206\u5b50\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u590d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf7\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u7ea6\u5185\u65af\u5e93\uff08Nae Ionescu\uff09\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e66\u4f5c\u5e8f\u3002\u7ea6\u5185\u65af\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u9b45\u529b\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u3002\u7ea6\u5185\u65af\u5e93\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5199\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3001\u8d5e\u626c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u662f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u7ea6\u5185\u65af\u5e93\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u540c\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u611a\u8822\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002 \u201c\u67d0\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5176\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u732e\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53bb\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u4eb2\u8fd1\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u6210\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\uff1a<\/p>\n
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\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\uff1f\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u8981\uff1f\u201c<\/p>\n
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