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\u636e\u73b0\u6709\u6750\u6599\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u9a7b\u82cf\u5927\u4f7f\u5085\u79c9\u5e38\u6700\u5148\u63a2\u8be2\u4e86\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u30022\u670814\u65e5\u4e0b\u53484\u65f6\uff0c\u5085\u79c9\u5e38\u62dc\u8bbf\u4ece\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u56de\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u82cf\u5927\u4f7f\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\uff08William Averell Harriman\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u516c\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5f53\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u516c\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u5085\u79c9\u5e38\u8be2\u95ee\u201c\u5bf9\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u5426\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u4e88\u4ee5\u5426\u8ba4\u3002\u5085\u79c9\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u76d6\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5fb7\u6218\u4e8b\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u524d\uff0c\u82cf\u65b9\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u65e5\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u5e76\u672a\u900f\u9732\u4efb\u4f55\u5bc6\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u30022\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5085\u79c9\u5e38\u81f4\u7535\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0e\u54c8\u91cc\u66fc\u8c08\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u610f\u901a\u62a5\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4fc4\u53f2\u5bf9\u534e\u65b9\u9488\u59cb\u5f97\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u6709\u96be\u8a00\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5c3d\u4ee5\u544a\u6211\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u987e\u7ef4\u94a711\u67089\u65e5\u6240\u63a2\u542c\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u76f8\u4e92\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4fc4\u5bf9\u4e1c\u5317\u4e0e\u65c5\u5927\u7279\u6743\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5f53\u975e\u5b50\u865a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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1945\u5e742\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u3001\u674e\u6d77\u7b49\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u5c42\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u534e\u76db\u987f\u30023\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u82cf\u8054\u53c2\u52a0\u5bf9\u65e5\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u4e24\u6761\u6b63\u5f0f\u6e20\u9053\u5411\u7f8e\u65b9\u6253\u63a2\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u519b\u65b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5916\u4ea4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

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3\u670815\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u7684\u6765\u7535\uff0c\u6599\u5b9a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u4f5c\u6218\u5df2\u6709\u6210\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u6240\u6c47\u62a5\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u63d0\u56fd\u9645\u4ee3\u7ba1\u5357\u6ee1\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u534e\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0d\u63d0\u5317\u6ee1\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c6\u5317\u6ee1\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u6709\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u6b32\u79df\u501f\u65c5\u987a\u5927\u8fde\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u51fa\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e0d\u51bb\u6e2f\uff0c\u201c\u7f57\u5bf9\u53f2\u5631\u5176\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6025\u6025\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6211\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u65c5\u987a\u4e3a\u4fc4\u957f\u671f\u79df\u501f\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u201d\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u6218\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u201c\u53c8\u6210\u5e7b\u68a6\u77e3\u201d\u3002\u636e\u8d6b\u5c14\u5229\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6c47\u62a5\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u534f\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u53c2\u52a0\u4e2d\u82cf\u534f\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u5e76\u975e\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52303\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u6240\u6c47\u62a5\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u8c08\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u7684\u5927\u6982\uff0c\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f52\u8fd8\u6211\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u94c1\u8def\u5171\u7ba1\u201d\u201c\u65c5\u987a\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u957f\u671f\u79df\u501f\u4e0e\u4fc4\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u6b64\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c1a\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u4e3a\u73b0\u65f6\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u987a\u5e94\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u6c42\u5f97\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e4b\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u4ea6\u672a\u5fc5\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u6613\u6613\u8033\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65c5\u987a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6b64\u524d\u672a\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7f8e\u65b9\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u7528\u610f\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u848b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u4ee5\u201c\u9e2d\u7eff\u6c5f\u53e3\u4e4b\u5927\u4e1c\u6e2f\u6216\u671d\u9c9c\u96c4\u57fa\u3001\u7f57\u6d25\u3001\u6e05\u6c5f\u7b49\u6e2f\u8ba9\u5f7c\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u65c5\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u670818\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a7\u70b9\u534a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u53ec\u96c6\u7684\u6709\u718a\u5f0f\u8f89\u3001\u738b\u4e16\u6770\u3001\u5434\u9f0e\u660c\u7b49\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0e\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5355\u72ec\u5bc6\u8c08\uff0c\u5c06\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u4e0e\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u8c08\u8bdd\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u51fa\u793a\u7ed9\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u3002\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u7535\u62a5\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5728\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u8868\u6001\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u6709\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u5bf9\u65e5\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e09\u70b9\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u8499\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u589e\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u62df\u7531\u4e2d\u82cf\u7f8e\u4e09\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6280\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u6b32\u5f97\u4e00\u4e0d\u51bb\u6e2f\uff0c\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u62df\u79df\u65c5\u987a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u95ee\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u70b9\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u201c\u6309\u7f57\u53e3\u6c14\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u4e09\u70b9\u5c1a\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u8d5e\u6210\uff0c\u544a\u9b4f\u4e4b\u610f\u6b32\u8bd5\u63a2\u6211\u610f\u65e8\u201d\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u201c\u6b32\u501f\u6b64\u903c\u6211\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u5171\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u201c\u7f8e\u653b\u786b\u78fa\u5c9b\u4e4b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u592a\u4f17\uff0c\u6b32\u85c9\u82cf\u8054\u529b\u91cf\u52a0\u5165\u540e\u4fc3\u6210\u65e9\u65e5\u5bf9\u65e5\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4ee5\u7701\u7f8e\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u727a\u7272\u201d\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8c13\uff0c\u201c\u4f55\u4ee5\u7f8e\u4e0d\u89c9\u609f\u82cf\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u4fdd\u6301\u53d1\u8fbe\u6d77\u519b\u4e8e\u7f8e\u4e0d\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u82cf\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u53d1\u5c55\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7f8e\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7f8e\u6b32\u901f\u8d25\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u82cf\u8054\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u518d\u4e0e\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u5546\u8ba8\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

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4\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u5c06\u8c08\u8bdd\u8981\u70b9\u81f4\u7535\u91cd\u5e86\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u8ba4\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6b64\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6240\u63d0\u5185\u5bb9\u663e\u7136\u7cfb\u56f4\u7ed5\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u79df\u7528\u519b\u6e2f\u53ca\u94c1\u8def\u5171\u7ba1\u90fd\u662f\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6240\u7b7e\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e24\u56fd\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u9ed8\u5951\uff0c\u96c5\u5c14\u5854\u5bc6\u7ea6\u6b64\u65f6\u4ecd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u534e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u7acb\u523b\u5c06\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5219\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u610f\u89c1\u5411\u4e2d\u65b9\u4f20\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u672c\u7740\u4e00\u8d2f\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u82cf\u8054\u57281924\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u4fc4\u89e3\u51b3\u60ac\u6848\u5927\u7eb2\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u6b22\u8fce\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e2d\u82cf\u53cb\u8c0a\u53ca\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u8be2\u95ee\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u524d\u79bb\u7f8e\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u8bae\u540e\u79bb\u7f8e\u65f6\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6cc4\u9732\u4e86\u4e2d\u65b9\u7684\u9884\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u30025\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\uff08Harry Hopkins\uff09\u4eb2\u8d74\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\u66fe\u8981\u6c42\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d74\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u544a\u8bc9\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u7684\u662f\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u5c06\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bae\u95ed\u5e55\u540e\u5148\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8d74\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u5f97\u6089\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u540e\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u7279\u610f\u8be2\u95ee\u201c\u5b8b\u9662\u957f\u5148\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\u5417\u201d\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u80af\u5b9a\u9053\u201c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u5148\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\u201d\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u8fd8\u8be2\u95ee\u4e86\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7684\u968f\u884c\u4eba\u5458\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u770b\u4f3c\u987a\u5e26\u4e00\u95ee\u51fa\u8bbf\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u8c08\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u81f4\u7535\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u544a\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u8fdf\u987b\u4e8e6\u6708\u5185\u5f52\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u65b9\u8981\u6c42\u51766\u6708\u5e95\u6216\u6700\u8fdf\u4e8e7\u6708\u521d\u5230\u8fbe\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u79f0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u201c\u5085\u5927\u4f7f\u6765\u7535\u4e0e\u543e\u5144\u7535\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u60df\u5176\u53e6\u6709\u8bed\uff0c\u970d\u4e0e\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u6b64\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdc\u4e1c\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u5927\u610f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5982\u53f2\u4e0e\u54c8\u96f7\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6240\u8c08\u8005\u65e0\u5f02\u7b49\u8bed\u201d\uff0c\u4fc3\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7279\u522b\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65c5\u987a\u6e2f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e2\u7136\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8bc9\u4e2d\u65b9\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u6b32\u4ee5\u65c5\u987a\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u6839\u636e\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u201c\u6216\u5df2\u9ed8\u8bb8\u82cf\u8054\u79df\u8ba9\u201d\u3002\u9b4f\u9053\u660e\u544a\u8bc9\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5728\u901a\u62a5\u6b64\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u79df\u501f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u6743\u65e0\u635f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u201c\u5e76\u975e\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u968f\u610f\u8c08\u53ca\u800c\u5df2\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8b\u60c5\u6bd4\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u8981\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u65af\u9000\u4e01\u7ebd\u65af\uff08Edward R. Stettinius\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u80fd\u57287\u67081\u65e5\u4e4b\u524d\u62b5\u8fbe\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u6392\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\uff0c\u65af\u9000\u4e01\u7ebd\u65af\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u65b9\u5c06\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u67b6\u6709\u5367\u94fa\u7684\u9646\u519b\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u5148\u9001\u5b8b\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53bb\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u5e76\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u9001\u4ed6\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\u524d\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u79c1\u4e0b\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u9664\u611f\u8c22\u7f8e\u65b9\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u5916\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u5411\u65af\u9000\u4e01\u7ebd\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\u524d\u4e0e\u521a\u4ece\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u89c1\u9762\u4e00\u8c08\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be2\u95ee\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u5173\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u65e5\u4f5c\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u65c5\u987a\u519b\u6e2f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65af\u9000\u4e01\u7ebd\u65af\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u89c1\u8fc7\u603b\u7edf\u540e\u518d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b8b\u5b50\u65876\u67089\u65e5\u65e9\u6668\u62b5\u8fbe\u534e\u76db\u987f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5373\u53bb\u8c12\u89c1\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u966a\u540c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5ea7\u8c08\u7684\u6709\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u5e2d\u674e\u6d77\u4e0a\u5c06\u53ca\u4ee3\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u683c\u9c81\uff08Joseph Grew\uff09\u3002\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u4ee5\u8be5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u7ed9\u8d6b\u5c14\u5229\u5e76\u4ee4\u5176\u57286\u670815\u65e5\u9012\u4ea4\u7ed9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u3002\u5728\u9012\u4ea4\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u79f0\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u66fe\u4f5c\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u9879\u534f\u5b9a\u4e4b\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4f59\u5c06\u62e5\u62a4\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u6240\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u534f\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76df\u56fd\u4e9f\u9700\u82cf\u8054\u53c2\u52a0\u5bf9\u65e5\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u5631\u5490\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u52ff\u5c06\u534f\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u8bf8\u62a5\u7aef\u3002\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4f1a\u8c08\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\u6b64\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u63a2\u660e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u5728\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\u79f0\uff0c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u95ee\u9898\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u540c\u610f\u5927\u8fde\u6e2f\u56fd\u9645\u5316\uff0c\u201c\u5373\u7cfb\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6e2f\uff0c\u5982\u7cfb\u81ea\u7531\u6e2f\u5219\u4e3b\u6743\u5f53\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u5f53\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\u201d\uff1b\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5018\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u79df\u501f\u201d\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6e20\u5bf9\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u6240\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e4b\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u51b3\u4e88\u652f\u6301\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7406\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u683c\u9c81\u4f1a\u8c08\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u6f84\u6e053\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u73b0\u72b6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5728\u5927\u8fde\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u6e2f\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5e94\u4e88\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u65c5\u987a\u7684\u79df\u501f\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u82cf\u8054\u79df\u7528\u671f\u9650\u8d85\u8fc725\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u56de\u7535\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u4eca\u540e\u53ea\u8981\u4fc4\u56fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u6211\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5219\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u5141\u5176\u5bf9\u519b\u6e2f\u5171\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u79df\u501f\u540d\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u52a1\u5fc5\u575a\u6301\u6b64\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u524d\u6240\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u7ba1\u7b49\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u63d0\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5f53\u65e5\u53c8\u8ffd\u53d1\u4e00\u7535\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u4e49\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79df\u501f\u5730\u4e3a\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u4e3a\u803b\u8fb1\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u975e\u8bbe\u6cd5\u53bb\u9664\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u519b\u6e2f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u65e0\u635f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5546\u8c08\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u613f\u610f\u4e24\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5546\u8c08\u7684\u610f\u613f\u8f6c\u544a\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u63a8\u5f7c\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u7275\u6d89\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\uff0c\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u6108\u5c11\u6108\u597d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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6\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u5baa\u5927\u4f1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u79d8\u4e66\u7fdf\u51e4\u9633\u79c9\u627f\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u6307\u793a\u81ea\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u81f4\u7535\u9a7b\u82f1\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbf\u82f1\u4e4b\u65c5\u505a\u521d\u6b65\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7535\u4e2d\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u5c06\u8d74\u82cf\u53c2\u52a0\u8c08\u5224\u662f\u9a7b\u82f1\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u9884\u8ba2\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8bae\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\uff0c\u201c\u9662\u957f\u4e0d\u4e45\u8bbf\u4fc4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5ea7\u540c\u53bb\u201d\u30026\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u9a7b\u82f1\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u65bd\u8087\u5914\u5b89\u6392\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u7ecf\u82f1\u56fd\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u98de\u673a\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u201c\u7531\u82f1\u8d74\u82cf\u7a7a\u8def\u987b\u7ecf\u5f00\u7f57\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u673a\u4f4d\u4f8b\u4e8e\u6bcf\u661f\u671f\u56db\u5f00\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u673a\u4f4d\u987b\u4e8e\u5f00\u4f1a\u524d\u4e8c\u65e5\u901a\u77e5\u82f1\u5916\u90e8\u201d\u30026\u670820\u65e5\u6668\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u4e58\u5750\u7f8e\u519b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e13\u673a\u62b5\u8fbe\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u5f53\u665a\u5373\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6c47\u62a5\u5728\u7f8e\u4ea4\u6d89\u7ecf\u8fc7\u3002\u5728\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6c47\u62a5\u4e2d\u82cf\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4eba\u9009\u610f\u5411\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u6240\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u6392\u9664\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u4e8e\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u63a5\u5230\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u6765\u81ea\u91cd\u5e86\u7684\u8d8a\u6d0b\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u544a\u4ee5\u201c\u59d4\u5ea7\u610f\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5144\u6b64\u6b21\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8d74\u82cf\u8054\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u6392\u9664\u5728\u8d74\u82cf\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8ba9\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u53c2\u52a0\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u4ecd\u5e0c\u671b\u80e1\u4e16\u6cfd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u5e2d\u3002\u201c\u60df\u8bf7\u80e1\u4e16\u6cfd\u5144\u9884\u4e8e\u672c\u670829\u65e5\u4ee5\u524d\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u673a\u4f4d\u53ca\u7b7e\u8bc1\u5373\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u6216\u4f26\u6566\u6d3d\u529e\u201d\u3002\u63a5\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u7535\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u79f0\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u95ed\u5e55\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u57286\u670826\u65e5\u95ed\u5e55\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u65af\u9000\u4e01\u7ebd\u65af\u201c\u66fe\u5546\u51c6\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u7279\u62e8\u4e13\u673a\u5907\u5f1f\u8d74\u4fc4\u4e4b\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5179\u5949\u534e\u5e9c\u7535\u8bdd\u8f6c\u8fbe\u5144\u7535\uff0c\u5f53\u5373\u5411\u7f8e\u5916\u957f\u8c22\u5374\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5631\u80e1\u6b21\u957f\u5c05\u65e5\u8d77\u7a0b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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6\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u5728\u52a8\u8eab\u56de\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u524d\u518d\u6b21\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u8be2\u95ee\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8bbf\u82cf\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u672a\u66fe\u5230\u8fc7\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u5728\u4e8e\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u6709\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u544a\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fc7\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8f9e\u884c\u7684\u540c\u65e5\uff0c\u987e\u7ef4\u94a7\u4e8e\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u9886\u8854\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

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