{"id":15082,"date":"2022-11-21T10:20:16","date_gmt":"2022-11-21T02:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=15082"},"modified":"2022-11-21T10:20:16","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T02:20:16","slug":"%e7%8e%8b%e5%85%83%e5%b4%87%ef%bc%9a130%e5%b9%b4%e9%97%b4%ef%bc%8c%e6%b8%85%e6%9c%9d%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%af%b9%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8f%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=15082","title":{"rendered":"\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a130\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u91c7\u5199\u4e28\u66fe\u68a6\u9f99<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u53d8\uff0c\u5230\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u53ca\u5176\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u201c\u592b\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u65b0\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u62dc\u767b\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u804a\u4e86\u804a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u3001\u76f8\u671b\u3001\u76f8\u649e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

1979\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6062\u590d\u5efa\u4ea4\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bbf\u7f8e\u56de\u56fd5\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6751\u5b50\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u901a\u7535\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\u3002\u5982\u4eca42\u5e74\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u53d8\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u6070\u597d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u878d\u5408\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5230\u62112007\u5e74\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u5f53\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u575a\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8b\u60c5\u539f\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d76\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1f\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u201d\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e13\u653b\u8fd1\u4e16\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u518d\u9020\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u6ee1\u9c9c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c1616-1911\u5e74\u300b\uff08Remaking the Chinese Empire: Manchu-Korean Relations\uff0c1616-1911\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6821\u53cb\u662f\u62dc\u767b\u3002\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u5e26\u6765\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u9762\u5411\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u9ad8\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8bfe\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u770b\u91cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff1b\u5bf9\u53cc\u8fb9\u4ea4\u5f80\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u832b\u7136\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u665a\u6e05\u5174\u8870\uff081784\u20141911\uff09\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u6559\u8fc7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4eba\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u8258\u53eb\u4f5c\u2018\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u2019\u53f7\u7684\u53bb\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e2d\u7f8e\u300a\u671b\u53a6\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e0a\u6d77\u82f1\u7f8e\u516c\u5171\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d3e\u5f80\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u6743\u5916\u4ea4\u516c\u4f7f\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d74\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5e9a\u6b3e\u7559\u7f8e\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u4f5c\u53f8\u5f92\u96f7\u767b\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4e0a1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u540d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u5929\u4e0b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9887\u5177\u4e07\u90a6\u6765\u671d\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u751a\u81f3\u4e25\u91cd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u662f\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8bb2\u4e49\u548c\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u4ed4\u7ec6\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u901a\u4fd7\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u201c\u5448\u73b0\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u768419\u4e16\u7eaa\u5185\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u3001\u76f8\u671b\u548c\u76f8\u649e\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u5927\u56fd\u4ea4\u9645\u80cc\u540e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5de8\u53d8\uff0c\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\uff0c\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5174\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u843d\u8870\u4ea1\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ea6\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u7aa5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f55\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u867d\u662f\u901a\u4fd7\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u5916\u4e00\u6d41\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5982\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9648\u517c\uff0c\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6c88\u5fd7\u534e\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u738b\u7f09\u601d\u548c\u725b\u519b\u3002\u6c88\u5fd7\u534e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u65e9\u671f\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8d77\u70b9\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5168\u8c8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fd1\u671f\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u65f6\u4e00\u4e8b\u6240\u906e\u853d\uff1b\u628a\u9ad8\u6df1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u6613\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7531\u6765\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u548c\u8206\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u8bfb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

2021\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u89c6\u9891\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u804a\u5230\u4ece\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u53d8\u3001\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u53ca\u5176\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u201c\u592b\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5728\u8fd9130\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u5e95\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e86\u2018\u654c\u4eba\u2019\u6216\u2018\u5bf9\u624b\u2019\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u5efa\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u89d2\u8272\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u2018\u654c\u4eba\u2019\u548c\u2018\u5bf9\u624b\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u5f88\u591a\u5148\u8fdb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u9996\u9009\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u8bfb\u4e66\u65f6\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u867d\u7136\u4e0b\u9650\u52301911\u5e74\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u6545\u4e8b\u90fd\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a20\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52302020\u5e74\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u3002\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u300a\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\u300b\u548c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u8282\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u95ed\u5173\u9501\u56fd\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b71\u5f31\u3001\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff1f\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u4f60\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u7528\u8f83\u957f\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u201c\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u662f\u754c\u5b9a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd1\u4e16\u65f6\u671f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u90fd\u5c06\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5cb8\u672c\u7f8e\u7eea\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u53f2\u666f\u8fc1\u7b49\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u8bb2\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5f80\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u8bef\u89e3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1f\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7834\u9664\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6750\u91cc\u7684\u5c48\u8fb1\u53f2\u89c2\u548c\u7ebf\u6027\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u53f2\u89c2\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e0a\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u91cc\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff08modern history\uff09\u3002\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u628a\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e00\u622a\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u6240\u8c13\u767e\u5e74\u5c48\u8fb1\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u6027\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9610\u91ca\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u62b9\u715e\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u6765\u5206\u671f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u6253\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u95e8\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6e05\u4ee3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u8bf4\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8150\u8d25\u843d\u540e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8001\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u505a\u201c\u5929\u671d\u8ff7\u68a6\u201d\uff0c\u4e91\u4e91\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u8bfb\u4e66\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u6bd4\u6211\u5e74\u8f7b\u597d\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8fd8\u5728\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e16\u754c\u5230\u6765\u3001\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u50cf\u6211\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u6709\u5f88\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u5206\u671f\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7247\u9762\u5316\u8def\u6570\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5206\u671f\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u57f9\u517b\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7231\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u6216\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u505c\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u4e00\u6982\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u7ebf\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u8fdb\u6b65\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89d2\u5ea6\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u6b65\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u52bf\u5fc5\u6bd4\u73b0\u5728\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u5149\u660e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8981\u8ddf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5200\u4e24\u65ad\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u878d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u5c31\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5c24\u517619\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u60a3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4fe1\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6e05\u672b\u4e25\u590d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u5929\u6f14\u8bba\u300b\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bb2\u5f31\u8089\u5f3a\u98df\u3001\u4f18\u80dc\u52a3\u6c70\u3001\u4e1b\u6797\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u6821\u5230\u5546\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u63a8\u5230\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff0c\u628a\u6e05\u671d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u5355\u5143\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u628a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u5272\u88c2\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u8fb9\u7586\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7740\u773c\u770b\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u767b\u4e0a\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fb9\u7586\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6e10\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u8ddf\u660e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u4e1c\u5317\u5230\u8499\u53e4\u9ad8\u539f\u3001\u5230\u65b0\u7586\u548c\u897f\u85cf\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e91\u8d35\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4ece\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u6765\u770b\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u8981\u4e0a\u6eaf\u5230\u5b8b\u3001\u5143\u3001\u660e\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u901a\u3002\u660e\u672b\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u901a\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e5f\u5f88\u9891\u4ecd\uff0c\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u9a6c\u53ef\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57\u3001\u6c49\u4ee3\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u3001\u5b8b\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u6d77\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3e\u9063\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u96cd\u6b63\u521d\u5e74\u5b8c\u5168\u7981\u6559\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u957f\u8fbe\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u5341\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u6d41\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5929\u6587\u5386\u7b97\u3001\u5927\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u7ed8\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9634\u9633\u5386\u3001\u8001\u9ec4\u5386\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u901a\u4e66\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6846\u67b6\u90fd\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u4f1a\u58eb\u5728\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u4e00\u8d77\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd1\u4e16\u53f2\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u548c\u591a\u5143\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u67aa\u70ae\u6761\u7ea6\u3001\u8840\u4e0e\u706b\u4e89\u6267\u300119\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c48\u8fb1\u3001\u4f60\u8d25\u6211\u80dc\uff0c\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u4ece1600\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u8c08\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u5728\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u8d81\u673a\u4f1a\u518d\u63a8\u52a8\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f80\u524d\u770b\uff0c\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u5143\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\uff1a\u5927\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u665a\u6e05\u5174\u8870\uff081784\u20141911\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u8457<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7ecf\u5178\u00b7\u7425\u73c0\u4e28\u6587\u6c47\u51fa\u7248\u793e2021\u5e741\u6708\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u6279\u8bc4\u4e7e\u9686\u5bf9\u5f85\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u5723\u65e8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bdd\u622a\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u5632\u7b11\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u2018\u5929\u671d\u7269\u4ea7\u4e30\u76c8\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u6709\u2019\u4e91\u4e91\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u6240\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u540e\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5c0f\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u9519\u5931\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d70\u5165\u2018\u8fd1\u4ee3\u2019\u6587\u660e\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u7ad9\u5728\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u201d\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u8bb2\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u5957\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff08\u5b97\u85e9\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u95ed\u5173\u9501\u56fd\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u5b71\u5f31\u3001\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f60\u9009\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u53f2\u89c2\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u6587\u660e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u3002\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u671d\u7740\u6587\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u6750\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u8c08\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u7f8e\u6587\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u6587\u660e\u201d\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5916\u4ea4\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u975e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u3001\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u3001\u843d\u540e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u660e\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6587\u660e\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ddf\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u7409\u7403\u3001\u66b9\u7f57\uff08\u6cf0\u56fd\uff09\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u5200\u4e24\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u5b97\u85e9\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u66b9\u7f57\u3001\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u82cf\u7984\uff08\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u8de8\u56fd\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52301860\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u85e9\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6b27\u7f8e\u5217\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u652f\u8109\uff0c\u800c\u671d\u9c9c\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u793c\u90e8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b97\u85e9\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4fc4\u3001\u4e2d\u671d\u3001\u4e2d\u8d8a\u3001\u4e2d\u7409\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u85e9\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u79e9\u5e8f\u91cc\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6587\u660e\u4e0a\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u85e9\u5c5e\u56fd\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8d8a\u5357\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6cbf\u7740\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5219\u8236\u6765\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u79e9\u5e8f\u826f\u597d\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u66b9\u7f57\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001\u7f05\u7538\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u8bba\u8bc1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ad9\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece1368\u5e74\u660e\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u52301895\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9500\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c0f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f1590\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e30\u81e3\u79c0\u5409\u4fb5\u7565\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u201c\u58ec\u8fb0\u536b\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u660e\u671d\u51fa\u5175\u52a9\u6218\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u6e17\u5165\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e0d\u662f\u95ed\u5173\u9501\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u548c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6750\u91cc\u8bf4\u6e05\u4ee3\u53ea\u6709\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u53e3\u901a\u5546\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u662f\u5bf9\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u5546\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u7167\u7740\u79e9\u5e8f\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff1b\u4f60\u662f\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e1c\u5317\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff1b\u4f60\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u6070\u514b\u56fe\uff1b\u4f60\u662f\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\uff0c\u53bb\u5e7f\u897f\uff1b\u4f60\u662f\u66b9\u7f57\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53bb\u5e7f\u5dde\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5ef6\u7eed\u8ddf\u7740\u89c4\u5219\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u4e39\u4e1c\u51e4\u51f0\u57ce\u90a3\u8fb9\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70b9\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u5f80\u5317\u8fd8\u6709\u5e86\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5f00\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u4e92\u5e02\uff1b\u518d\u5230\u8499\u53e4\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4ea4\u754c\u7684\u6070\u514b\u56fe\uff0c\u6070\u514b\u56fe\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u4fc4\u8d38\u6613\u4ea4\u901a\u53e3\u5cb8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u53e3\u5cb8\u90fd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u73b0\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u53e3\uff0c\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u201d\u90fd\u6a21\u7cca\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6e05\u5ef7\u548c\u793c\u90e8\u89c4\u8303\u7684\uff0c\u53cc\u8fb9\u548c\u591a\u8fb9\u90fd\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5f97\u53ea\u6ce8\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e00\u53e3\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u513f\u6253\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5fc6\u56e0\u4e4b\u53d8\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u53e3\u5cb8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u7ed9\u57cb\u6ca1\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u628a\u8fd9\u5957\u4e1c\u897f\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u504f\u9887\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u63a8\u5230\u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5728\u9891\u7e41\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u957f\u9014\u8de8\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u8336\u53f6\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u767d\u94f6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\u3001\u4e00\u53e3\u901a\u5546\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u98ce\u201d\uff0c\u6e29\u7279\u745f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u56fd\u58c1\u753b\u5ba4\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u753b\u4e0a\u5e03\u6ee1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6751\u5e84\u3001\u5e02\u9547\u3001\u5c71\u6c34\u3001\u4ead\u9601\u53f0\u69ad\u548c\u5404\u5f0f\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u738b\u5143\u5d072015\u5e74\u6444\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u98ce\u201d\uff0c\u6e29\u7279\u745f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u56fd\u58c1\u753b\u5ba4\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u753b\u4e2d\u95e8\u989d\u4e0a\u9898\u6709\u201c\u592a\u53f2\u7b2c\u201d\u4e09\u5b57\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u6e05\u4ee3\u7ff0\u6797\u5b66\u58eb\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u738b\u5143\u5d072015\u5e74\u6444\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u843d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u8bb2\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5370\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u53ca\u5176\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u4e0e\u5eb7\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u3002\u5148\u8bf4\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6982\u62ec\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1f\u5b83\u7ed9\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff1f\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u4f60\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9057\u61be\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3e\u4eba\u50cf\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u90a3\u6837\u5230\u5916\u8fb9\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u771f\u662f\u524d\u65e0\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u58ee\u4e3e\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8ddf19\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u5927\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6392\u534e\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u90a3\u513f\u5b66\u4e60\u633a\u597d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e5f\u7279\u522b\u6b22\u8fce\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u653e\u5230\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u4fee\uff0c\u53ef\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u9662\u4e0d\u62db\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u575a\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u9001\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u51fa\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6279\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e4b\u680b\u6881\u3002\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u3001\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u529b\u6c14\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e24\u94f6\u5b50\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u7559\u7f8e\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u524d\u65e0\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62d4\u5341\u5f97\u4e94\uff0c50%\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5230\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u8fd9\u5e2e\u5b69\u5b50\u8f6c\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u9020\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u65f6\u529e\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e86\u767e\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u95f9\u4e8b\uff0c\u843d\u5f97\u4e2a\u6e05\u51c0\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u50cf\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5410\u6e29\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff0c\u90fd\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5185\u90e8\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5bb9\u95f3\u662f\u5e26\u961f\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u897f\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u91cc\u8fb9\u4e5f\u6709\u50cf\u9648\u5170\u5f6c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u5e2e\u5b69\u5b50\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6b27\u7f8e\u5316\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u628a\u8fab\u5b50\u526a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u77db\u76fe\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u629b\u5f03\u672c\u56fd\u5b54\u5b5f\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8def\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u6c47\u96c6\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u5168\u90e8\u53ec\u56de\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u53ec\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u662f\u521a\u521a\u6765\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u5b8c\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u6cef\u7136\u4f17\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u5230\u4e86\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u6bd4\u8f83\u62d4\u5c16\uff0c\u50cf\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u3001\u8a79\u5929\u4f51\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u8e2a\u3001\u6e6e\u6ca1\u65e0\u95fb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u667a\u529b\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6574\u4e2a\u89c4\u5212\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u5f97\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ec\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u5462\uff1f\u53ec\u56de\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u9009\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u4e00\u4e3e\u6d88\u706d\u6389\u3002\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6124\u61d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u95e8\u7545\u5f00\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u597d\u3001\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u9ad8\u7cbe\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5f85\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u683c\u5c40\u600e\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u5f53\u5e74\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u80a1\u8111\u5730\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u64a4\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u521d\u662f\u5b98\u8d39\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u81ea\u8d39\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u60e8\u75db\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u6d0b\u52a1\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u94fe\u6761\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9760\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u3002\u6211\u62c5\u5fc3\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e86\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u8d77\u95e8\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5411\u522b\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1878\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u7f8e\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u54c8\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u68d2\u7403\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1936 \u5e74\u201c\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u201d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u517111\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f8476\u5c81\u300211\u4eba\u4e2d\u6709\uff0c8\u4eba\u8eab\u7740\u957f\u888d\u9a6c\u8902\uff0c3\u4eba\u8eab\u7740\u897f\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u5728\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8bfe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\uff0c\u5bf9\u53cc\u8fb9\u4ea4\u5f80\u5386\u53f2\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u832b\u7136\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u5929\u4e0b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9887\u5177\u4e07\u90a6\u6765\u671d\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u751a\u81f3\u4e25\u91cd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d70\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5176\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u2018\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53bb\u2019\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u662f\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u572820 \u4e16\u7eaa\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u953b\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u6027\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u4e0b\u5176\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e89\u9738\uff0c\u4f461990\u5e74\u4ee3\u82cf\u8054\u5012\u53f0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u5355\u7ea7\u9738\u6743\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u3002\u6211\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5730\u57df\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u50cf\u5f53\u5e74\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u6269\u5c55\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u5230\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u57281898\u5e74\u5360\u9886\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u57281823\u5e74\u52301898\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u6b27\u6d32\u5e72\u6d89\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8c13\u540e\u82b1\u56ed\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u786c\u5230\u5168\u7403\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u30021898\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u624b\u4e2d\u62ff\u4e86\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8de8\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u6240\u4ee51898\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u4e0d\u843d\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece1898\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u4e0b\u6d77\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u811a\u6b65\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c1898\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u897f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u662f\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u4fb5\u534e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u6d77\u6e7e\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u53cd\u6050\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u7f3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u8b66\u5bdf\u201d\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5168\u7403\u9738\u6743\uff0c\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u91d1\u878d\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u522b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u201c\u53d6\u7ecf\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u7eb3\u5168\u7403\u5404\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u505a\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u597d\u3002\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u624d\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\uff1b\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u7f8e\u56fd\u6536\u5272\u5168\u7403\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u667a\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u4e86\uff1f\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bd4\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6761\u6761\u6846\u6846\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f80\u5916\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u4e27\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u9053\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9700\u8981\u6216\u8005\u8feb\u5207\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u201c\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u975e\u6b27\u7f8e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u6570\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u6253\u7834\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u8bf4\u8ddf\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u771f\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u97f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u843d\u3002\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u770b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u8fd9\u4e24\u5929\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c71\u90fd\u88ab\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u653b\u5c71\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u5929\u4e0b\u5927\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u81c6\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u626d\u66f2\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u8870\u843d\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6717\u666e\uff0c\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd8\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u7845\u8c37\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd8\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u82f9\u679c\u624b\u673a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u8fd8\u5728\u5927\u5356\u5417\uff1f\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u82f9\u679c\u624b\u673a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e5f\u5728\u5927\u5356\u5417\uff1f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u8fd8\u7167\u6837\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u9996\u9009\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5417\uff1f\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u629b\u5374\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u4e0d\u8bb2\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u672c\u8d28\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u7684\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u5bb9\u6613\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u5168\u7403\u6027\u9738\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u8870\u843d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5143\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u770b\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7cbe\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u638c\u63a7\uff1b\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u770b\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u5931\u53bb\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5168\u7403\u5404\u56fd\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6d8c\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1784\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u201d\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u542f\u7a0b\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u5e7f\u5dde\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u884c5\u5143\u9762\u503c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u2018\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u2019\u5e06\u8239\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5e01\u201d\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1868\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u6d0b\u4eba\u7387\u961f\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff08Anson Burlingame\uff09\u4f7f\u56e2\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u5c45\u4e2d\u7ad9\u7acb\u7684\u4e3a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u66fe\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u573a\u9762\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u56fe\u7247\uff1a\u89c6\u89c9\u4e2d\u56fd<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6211\u60f3\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9130\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u56de\u5230\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u4e0e\u5eb7\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u63a9\u57281900 \u5e74\u524d\u540e\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5927\u6f6e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u51e0\u4e4e\u9ed8\u9ed8\u65e0\u95fb\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4ea4\u6e38\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\u5374\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u6b65\u5165\u5267\u53d8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u9002\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb2\u8bb2\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6148\u79a7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5916\u4ea4\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6709\u597d\u591a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u8270\u96be\u7684\u8c03\u9002\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u5c55\u793a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5f31\u5316\u6389\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u6559\u6750\u91cc\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u8150\u8d25\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u8c08\u51e0\u53e5\u3002\u6211\u4e66\u91cc\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u95f4\u5987\u5973\u90ed\u6881\u6c0f\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u88ab\u7838\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u7ffb\u904d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u4e66\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u90ed\u6881\u6c0f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u628a\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5979\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u671d\u5ef7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5979\u4e5f\u53ef\u5c55\u793a\u6e05\u5ef7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5916\u4ea4\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u8270\u96be\u7684\u8c03\u9002\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5468\u56f4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u683c\u683c\u3001\u516c\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8ddf\u5979\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u6b27\u7f8e\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u7684\u592a\u592a\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5979\u4eec\u90fd\u88ab\u57cb\u6ca1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u7edf\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6ce8\u91cd\u6027\u522b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u8981\u641e\u592b\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u60e8\u8d25\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u4fb5\u534e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5e9a\u5b50\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u4e4b\u540e\u6e05\u5ef7\u53cd\u5e94\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c48\u8fb1\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5979\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\uff0c\u5979\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\u5427\uff1f\u4f46\u5979\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u573a\u5408\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u548c\u853c\u53ef\u4eb2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u8336\u53f6\u90fd\u80fd\u9001\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u5634\u8fb9\uff0c\u559d\u8336\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u62bf\u4e00\u53e3\uff0c\u518d\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u559d\u3002\u6211\u6700\u521d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u6709\u70b9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u5144\u9053\u5f1f\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b27\u7f8e\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u4f46\u6b27\u7f8e\u516c\u4f7f\u592b\u4eba\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u770b\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u592a\u591a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4eba\u6253\u6740\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u4ece\u4e2d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6001\u5ea6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u8fd9\u4e00\u62db\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u667a\u3002\u592b\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u516c\u4f7f\u5916\u4ea4\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u516c\u4f7f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u5916\u4ea4\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5eb7\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u5bf9\u5979\u8001\u516c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bf4\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u5eb7\u683c\u516c\u4f7f\u5c31\u5728\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6c47\u62a5\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u6211\u5199\u5f97\u8d8a\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6148\u79a7\u63e1\u7740\u5979\u4eec\u624b\u54ed\uff0c\u628a\u8336\u548c\u70b9\u5fc3\u9012\u5230\u4eba\u5bb6\u5634\u8fb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u505a\u8270\u96be\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88c5\u6a21\u4f5c\u6837\u5b66\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4fe1\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fc7goodbye\u3001hello\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6446\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u505a\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u770b\u5230\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8d8a\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5feb70\u5c81\u4e86\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u592a\u592a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671d\u5ef7\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u4e86\u5979\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8363\u534e\u5bcc\u8d35\uff0c\u8d8a\u53d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4e0d\u7531\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1902\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\u8fdb\u5bab\u89d0\u89c1\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u548c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u5408\u5f71\u7684\u9a7b\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u592b\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5973\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u524d\u6392\u5c45\u4e2d\u8005\u7cfb\u5eb7\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u8428\u62c9\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1903\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u53c2\u52a0\u5eb7\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5348\u540e\u8336\u70b9\u7684\u683c\u683c\u548c\u798f\u664b\u4eec\uff0c\u5747\u7cfb\u65d7\u4eba\u3002\u524d\u6392\u5de6\u56db\u662f\u8363\u5bff\u56fa\u4f26\u516c\u4e3b\u5373\u201c\u957f\u516c\u4e3b\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u4e8c\u4f3c\u662f\u5e86\u4eb2\u738b\u56db\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5373\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5f53\u65f6\u7559\u5728\u8eab\u8fb9\u966a\u4f34\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u56db\u683c\u683c\u201d\u3002\u540e\u6392\u4e2d\u4e3a\u88d5\u5fb7\u9f84\uff0c\u540e\u6392\u5de6\u4e09\u662f\u5176\u59b9\u59b9\uff0c\u540e\u6392\u5de6\u4e8c\u662f\u5176\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u6709\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u76841948 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5219\u6709\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u5f90\u56fd\u7426\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u300b<\/strong>\uff082014\u5e74\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c2019\u5e74\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff09<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u8fc7\u5f80\u8457\u4f5c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u5904\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u8272\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5f90\u56fd\u7426\u5e0c\u671b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5171\u6709\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u6297\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u60f3\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u771f\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u50cf\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5f90\u56fd\u7426\u3001\u5b54\u534e\u6da6\uff08Warren I. Cohen\uff09\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u5f90\u8001\u5e08\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bb2\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5b8f\u5927\u5c42\u9762\u8c08\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u8c03\u9002\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u60f3\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u52fe\u52d2\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f8\u9047\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5355\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5230\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e2d\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53d9\u4e8b\u7ed9\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ed9\u5b8c\u5168\u88f9\u631f\u6389\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u5143\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u8c08\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8c08\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u80fd\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u6210\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u3001\u5f90\u8001\u5e08\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u53cb\u597d\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u96be\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u6c57\u725b\u5145\u680b\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u51b7\u6218\u7c7b\u7279\u522b\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u524d\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6e05\u4ee3\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\u6211\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u8272\u5417\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4f9d\u9760\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u6863\u6848\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u5f88\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5e73\u5e38\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u8c08\u4e24\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u50cf\u6211\u5bf9\u56fd\u4e66\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6e05\u5ef7\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u53d8\u6210\u50cf\u5916\u85e9\u5c5e\u56fd\u7684\u8868\u6587\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4ed6\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u56fa\u5b9a\u6e20\u9053\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6839\u672c\u843d\u811a\u70b9\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u60f3\u628a\u8fd9130\u5e74\u95f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u53d8\u5316\u7ed9\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd1\u4e16\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u6b27\u98ce\u7f8e\u96e8\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5de8\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4efb\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u9542\u6590\u8fea\uff08Frederick Ferdinand Low\uff0c1828-1894\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fdc\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6c49\u5bc6\u5c14\u987f\u00b7\u83f2\u4ec0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u62df\u5b9a\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u65f6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u76f8\u9047\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u505a\u4e86\u7ec6\u81f4\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u5417\uff1f\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u4ece2016\u5e74\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e0a\u53f0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c2020\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u4e5f\u7b97\u8dcc\u5b95\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u56fd\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba9\u4eba\u5f00\u4e86\u773c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u51fa\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6708\u4f1a\u987a\u5229\u63a5\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u6211\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5417\uff1f\u6bd4\u59822020\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u738b\u7f09\u601d\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u9009\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece2009\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u548c\u6ed1\u5761\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e24\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u80fd\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5173\u5934\u626d\u8f6c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u770b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e2d\u7f8e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u56f0\u5c40\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u592a\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e21\u8fc7\u5173\u53e3\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u662f1972\u5e74\u201c\u4e52\u4e53\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u548c\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u8bbf\u534e\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u626d\u8f6c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c1\u9762\u9057\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u6ca1\u53d8\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9047\u5230\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u65b9\u5411\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u51b3\u5b9a\u6539\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7684\u3002\u738b\u7f09\u601d\u8001\u5e08\u8bf4\u7684\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6781\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u518d\u6267\u653f\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u5f62\u52bf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u8f6c\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6821\u53cb\u62dc\u767b\u767b\u53f0\u4ee5\u540e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u62c9\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u53cc\u5b66\u4f4d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\u7684\u524d10\u5929\u5185\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u884c\u653f\u547d\u4ee4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7279\u6717\u666e\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ece\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u5230\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u5462\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80cc\u540e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u7275\u6d89\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e24\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u62dc\u767b\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f59\u5730\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c4\u5e74\u30018\u5e74\u300112\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5171\u548c\u515a\u50cf\u7279\u6717\u666e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65f6\u671f\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5389\u6216\u8005\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ca\u65e9\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62dc\u767b\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u53ca\u65e9\u672a\u96e8\u7ef8\u7f2a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56db\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Remaking the Chinese Empire: Manchu-Korean Relations\uff0c1616-1911\uff0c\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u8457\uff0c\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2018\u5e7412\u6708\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

\u71d5\u4eac\u4e66\u8bc4\uff1a\u4f60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f2018\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u518d\u9020\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u6ee1\u9c9c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c1616-1911\u5e74\u300b<\/strong>\uff08Remaking the Chinese Empire: Manchu-Korean Relations\uff0c1616-1911\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb2\u8bb2\u5f53\u521d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff1f\u60f3\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u738b\u5143\u5d07\uff1a<\/strong>\u6211\u662f2002\u5e74\u5230\u5317\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u8bfb\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u597d\u6709\u9ad8\u53e5\u4e3d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8fb9\u7586\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u5b66\u672f\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u6211\u5c31\u5728\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u90fd\u4e0d\u900f\u5f7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u4e86\u5e9c\u53bf\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\uff0c\u505a\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u900f\u5f7b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5404\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u53cd\u89c2\u6211\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u7136\u505c\u7559\u5728\u6bd4\u5982\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5468\u8fb9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u8c08\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u53f2\u89c2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u5173\u5fc3\u7f8e\u56fd\u653b\u5360\u56fd\u4f1a\u5c71\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u62a5\u9053\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e1c\u4eac\u3001\u6cb3\u5185\u3001\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\uff1f\u4f60\u60f3\u4e0a\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u5fb7\u91cc\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u95fb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u5427\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1f\u7b80\u76f4\u611f\u89c9\u8499\u53e4\u65b0\u95fb\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u62a5\u9053\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5317\u8fb9\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u597d\u597d\u60f3\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u5357\u534a\u5c9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u6b27\u7f8e\u201c\u5217\u5f3a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u8ba8\u6e05\u4ee3\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u5165\u5173\u524d\u67097\u5e74\u8ddf\u671d\u9c9c\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5165\u5173\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u97e9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6765\u770b\u6e05\u4ee3\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5929\u671d\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u53c8\u53d8\u6210\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u53eb\u505aremaking\uff08\u518d\u9020\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u6b21remaking\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u5165\u5173\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u88ab\u660e\u671d\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u4e1c\u5317\u86ee\u5937\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6162\u6162\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5165\u5173\uff0c\u8fdf\u65e9\u8981\u50cf\u91d1\u671d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u5165\u5173\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5916\u4ea4\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fb9\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u5145\u5f53\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6865\u6881\u548c\u6837\u677f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u53d8\u6210\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7d22\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f60\u8981\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u4e8b\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u8981\u63ed\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b21\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d70\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u542f\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7ebf\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8bf4\u6211\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5f15\u5b50\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u8005\u770b\u5b8c\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9898\u56fe\u4e3a1793\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6765\u534e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u79d8\u4e6612\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5c0f\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\uff08George Thomas Staunton\uff09\u5355\u819d\u8dea\u89c1\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5c0f\u65af\u5f53\u4e1c\u8d5e\u6210\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u8d38\u6613\u7ea0\u7eb7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u91c7\u5199\u4e28\u66fe\u68a6\u9f99 \u4ece\u6e05\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u53d8\uff0c\u5230\u7559\u7f8e\u5e7c\u7ae5\u9879\u76ee\u53ca\u5176\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u201c\u592b\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11,10],"tags":[100,524,53],"views":506,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15082"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15082"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15114,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15082\/revisions\/15114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}