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<\/p>\n

\u5012\u6811\u4e4b\u6218<\/p>\n

\u968f\u77401812\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u548c1815\u5e74\u300a\u6839\u7279\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u7b7e\u8ba2\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u62d3\u6b96\u9010\u6e10\u4ee3\u66ff\u6bdb\u76ae\u8d38\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001<\/strong>\u519c\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u4e2d\u7684\u56da\u5f92<\/strong><\/p>\n

1815\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u52a0\u4e4b\u95f4\u654c\u5bf9\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u7f13\u548c\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u3002\u800c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5404\u90e8\u843d\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9a71\u8d76\u5230\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u3002\u5185\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b98\u5458\u7406\u76f4\u6c14\u58ee\u5730\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u72e9\u730e\u90e8\u843d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u767d\u4eba\u5c48\u670d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8349\u539f\u730e\u573a\u6765\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u56ed\u3002\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a71\u9010\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6f\u786c\u4e24\u624b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8f6f\u7684\u4e00\u624b\u662f\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u9f13\u5439\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u540e\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u6770\u6590\u900a1803\u5e74\u66fe\u81f4\u4fe1\u4e94\u5927\u90e8\u843d\u9996\u9886\uff0c\u529d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u8015\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u201c\u8015\u79cd\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6bd4\u66f4\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u72e9\u730e\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6536\u83b7\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\u901a\u8fc7\u7eba\u7ec7\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u730e\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7a7f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d\u786c\u7684\u4e00\u624b\u5219\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u9a71\u9010\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u30021830\u5e74\uff0c\u9760\u5f81\u670d\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6210\u540d\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e1c\u90e8\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u897f\u8fc1\u7684\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8fc1\u79fb\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u8feb\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u201c\u773c\u6cea\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff08Trail of Tears\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc730\u5e74\u4ee3\u523040\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u5927\u7ea6\u670910\u4e07\u540d\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e4b\u4e61\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8d76\u8fdb\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u548c\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u5927\u8349\u539f\u8ba9\u8def\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe30\u5e74\u7684\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u6218\u4e89\u30021869\u20141870\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u5bc6\u82cf\u91cc\u7684\u9646\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u79d1\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08John M.Schofield\uff09\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6e05\u9664\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u6363\u6bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u7247\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8fb9\u7586\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u201d\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u538b\u8feb\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u548c\u8fde\u7ef5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u52301900\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u53ea\u670925\u4e07\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5927\u5c0f200\u591a\u4e2a\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5927\u7ea65000\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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1836\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u4efb\u4e0a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7701\u7763\u9ed1\u5fb7\uff08Francis Bond Head\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u540c\u5316\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u6539\u9020\u65b9\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u8fdc\u79bb\u767d\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u533a\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u9a6c\u5c3c\u56fe\u6797\u5c9b\uff08Manitoulin Island\uff09\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u3002\u9ed1\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\u5965\u5409\u5e03\u74e6\u3001\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u7b49\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u96c6\u4e2d\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6765\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fc1\u5f99\uff0c\u4f46\u9ed1\u5fb7\u6267\u610f\u63a8\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u5e74\u5c31\u6362\u5f97\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba300\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u5168\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u9a6c\u5c3c\u56fe\u6797\u5c9b\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u30021856\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c3c\u56fe\u6797\u5c9b\u5b9a\u5c45\u533a\u88ab\u6700\u7ec8\u5e9f\u5f03\uff0c\u9ed1\u5fb7\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u5fb7\uff08Francis Bond Head\uff09<\/p>\n

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1867\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u95ee\u9898\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u800c\u654f\u611f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8d22\u529b\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u519b\u4e8b\u5f81\u8ba8\uff0c\u9042\u5728\u501f\u9274\u5e76\u53c2\u8003\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u548c\u5e73\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e86\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fde\u7ef5\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6218\u4e89\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u8fd9\u4e00\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u897f\u90e8\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fdb\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\uff0c\u4e3a\u897f\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5f00\u62d3\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a49\u5ea6\u7eac\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u8fb9\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u52a0\u8fb9\u754c\u4e24\u8fb9\u6700\u663e\u773c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4ee5\u989c\u8272\u5206\u754c\uff1a\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u3002\u84dd\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u9634\u9669\u548c\u4e0d\u5b88\u4fe1\u8bfa\uff0c\u800c\u7ea2\u8272\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5766\u8bda\u76f4\u8a00\u3002\u201d\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u501f\u9274\u548c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u517c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u5411\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u8bb8\u591a\u7ee5\u9756\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u89e3\u51b3\u8def\u6613\u00b7\u91cc\u57c3\u5c14\uff08Louis Riel\uff09\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6885\u8482\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u897f\u5317\u9a91\u8b66\u3001\u4e0d\u8ba1\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4fee\u5efa\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u897f\u90e8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001<\/strong>\u767d\u4eba\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7f16\u53f7\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7b7e\u8ba2\u548c1876\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u7f8e\u52a0\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u653f\u7b56\u9010\u6e10\u5408\u6d41\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u52a0\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9664\u4e86\u628a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8d76\u8fdb\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u884c\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u91cf\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u5316\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3001\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u878d\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u5c40\u9762\u548c\u60e8\u6de1\u524d\u666f\u4e5f\u4ee4\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u6148\u5584\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u751a\u4e3a\u5fe7\u5fc3\u30021887\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a\u9053\u65af\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Dawes General Allotment Act\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u96c6\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a0\u593a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u5316\u4e09\u5927\u76ee\u7684\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a8\u884c\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5185\u6218\u9000\u4f0d\u8001\u5175\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u7279\uff08Henry Pratt\uff09\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u6700\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u3002\u666e\u62c9\u7279\u66fe\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u597d\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b7b\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u4ece\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8d5e\u540c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u8be5\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u662f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u65cf\u6027\u3002\u6740\u6b7b\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6027\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff01\u201d1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5b66\u6821\u6570\u76ee\u8fbe\u5230307\u4e2a\uff0c\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f\u670926451\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5236\u5b66\u6821153\u4e2a\uff0c\u5728\u6821\u5b66\u751f19810\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u552e\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5e7f\u544a<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u7d27\u968f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5f00\u5c55\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5728\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u5f3a\u5316\u30021885\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u5b9a\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u62b5\u6297\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0d\u65ad\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5bfc\u519c\u573a\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5019\u7ba1\u7406\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u89c6\u5bdf\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u536b\u751f\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5404\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u6751\u843d\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u6751\u843d\u793e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u6309\u7167\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u4e2d\u63a8\u884c\u914b\u957f\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u30021899\u5e74\uff0c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u3001\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u3001\u65b0\u65af\u79d1\u820d\u3001\u65b0\u4e0d\u4f26\u745e\u514b\u548c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u738b\u5b50\u5c9b\u7b49\u7701\u5f3a\u884c\u89c4\u5b9a\u914b\u957f\u4e00\u5f8b\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u5e74\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u52301900\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u90e8\u843d\u914b\u957f\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6309\u7167\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u914b\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6309\u7167\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u914b\u957f\uff0c\u518d\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u914b\u957f\u548c\u4efb\u547d\u5236\u914b\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u51fb\u662f\u9a6c\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4\u548c\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u7ee7\u51fa\u53f0\u730e\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6e14\u730e\u6743\u5229\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u52301922\u5e74\uff0c\u5404\u7701\u6cd5\u4ee4\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u5230\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5934\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u8bc9\u8bbc\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u52df\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u30021870\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u2014\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Grand Indian Council of Ontario and Quebec\uff09\u4e5f\u56e0\u8d44\u91d1\u56f0\u96be\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u53d7\u5927\u5371\u673a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e8b\u52a1\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5f52\u77ff\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u90e8\uff08Department of Mines and Resources\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u8be5\u90e8\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u5174\u8da3\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53cd\u6297\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u83ab\u970d\u514b\u65cf\u7684\u8001\u5175\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u96f7\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u798f\u7279\uff08Frederick Ogilvie Loft\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08League of Indians\uff09\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6761\u7ea6\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5bf9\u90e8\u843d\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u867d\u7136\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8054\u76df\u201d\u968f\u7740\u7f57\u798f\u7279\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u800c\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6240\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5374\u6df1\u5165\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u57281968\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08National Indian Brotherhood\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\u3002\u76f4\u52301982\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Assembly of First Nations\uff09\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u63a7\u5236\u5916\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a8\u884c\u540c\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u201c\u5229\u7528\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bc4\u5bbf\u6559\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5e26\u79bb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u9a6c\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4\u7701\u7763\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\uff08Alexander Morris\uff09\u5766\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u6587\u660e\u53bb\u5f71\u54cd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u777f\u667a\u548c\u7236\u7231\u822c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5fe0\u8bda\u5730\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u7aed\u5c3d\u6240\u80fd\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u589e\u52a0\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u65cf\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u201d\u5723\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u4f20\u6559\u7ad9\u7684\u7ef4\u6cf0\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u5170\u4e01\uff08Vital Grandin\uff09\u662f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u540c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u65f6\u5230\u6821\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u987e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u800c\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u50cf\u5176\u7236\u8f88\u90a3\u6837\u6e14\u730e\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u6587\u660e\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5f81\u5f97\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u8d70\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5176\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u7684\u8054\u5408\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u57281876\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u768420\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6240\u521b\u529e\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5b66\u6821\u8fbe\u5230177\u6240\u3002\u4ece1879\u5e74\u52301996\u5e74\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6240\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5171\u670915\u4e07\u571f\u8457\u513f\u7ae5\u5728200\u591a\u6240\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u5c31\u8bfb\u8fc7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u62db\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5b66\u751f\u30021892\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f615385\u540d\u5b66\u9f84\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u67096350\u4eba\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u53733630\u4eba\u4f1a\u6309\u65f6\u5165\u5b66\u3002\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u540d\u5b98\u5458\u62b1\u6028\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5927\u7247\u5730\u533a\u768430\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\u793e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u670913\u4e2a\u5b66\u6821\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u30022\/3\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u662f\u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u62b5\u5236\u4f4f\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u6559\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8054\u5408\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5317\u7f8e\u793e\u4f1a\u767d\u4eba\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u6b65\u8bba\u8054\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u63a8\u884c\u6587\u5316\u706d\u7edd\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7ed9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u4e5f\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u513f\u7ae5\u53d7\u5230\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u636e1907\u5e74\u300a\u9a6c\u5c3c\u6258\u5df4\u4e0e\u897f\u5317\u5730\u533a\u5b66\u6821\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe50\uff05\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u9762\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8624\uff05\u3002\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5669\u68a6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001<\/strong>\u7ec8\u7ed3\u653f\u7b56\u7834\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u81ea\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u65e5\u76ca\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u6279\u5224\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u5927\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u4e86\u81ea20\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u4e3a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5229\u76ca\u4ee3\u8a00\u7684\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u79d1\u5229\u5c14\uff08John Collier\uff09\u51fa\u4efb\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e3b\u7ba1\u3002\u79d1\u5229\u5c14\u501f\u7740\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u653f\u548c\u73af\u5883\u65b0\u653f\u7684\u4e1c\u98ce\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u65b0\u653f\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\u4ee5\u524d\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6539\u7ec4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u56de\u5f52\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u6cbb\u30021934\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6539\u7ec4\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u300a\u60e0\u52d2\u2014\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u6e05\u7b97\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4efd\u5730\u5236\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4f20\u7edf\u90e8\u843d\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u65b0\u653f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u7d27\u6025\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u3001\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6539\u7ec4\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u72b6\u51b5\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u6295\u7968\u6743\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u867d\u7136\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u90e8\u843d\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u6743\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5927\u3002\u4ece1958\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u90e8\u843d\u5f00\u59cb\u9646\u7eed\u83b7\u5f97\u672c\u90e8\u843d\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u52301966\u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u670936\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\u793e\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u672c\u6751\u843d\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u843d\u751a\u81f3\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u516c\u53f8\u5316\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6295\u7968\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u90e8\u843d\u9009\u4e3e\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u57281951\u5e74\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6709263\u4e2a\u6751\u843d\u793e\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u300aC\u201431\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5987\u5973\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u548c\u90e8\u843d\u6210\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u5ba1\u6838\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u90e8\u843d\u6536\u56de\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u201c\u6572\u54cd\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b98\u65b9\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4e27\u949f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u8def\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5e06\u98ce\u987a\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7ec8\u7ed3\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u3001\u5373\u5c06\u8d70\u5411\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u7740\u624b\u5bf9\u5176\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a8\u884c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u653f\u7b56\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u201c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u201d\uff08White Papers on Indians\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u6743\uff0c\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u536b\u751f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u64a4\u9500\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u6563\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u56db\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u5e76\u7531\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5404\u7701\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u62e5\u6709\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u79fb\u4ea4\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u62e8\u51fa\u5145\u8db3\u6b3e\u9879\u4ee5\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6e21\u63aa\u65bd\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\uff0c\u628a\u5df2\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u8d23\u4efb\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8054\u90a6\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u8be5\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5bf9\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u653f\u7b56\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u878d\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u5728\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u5e94\u8be5\u5f15\u5bfc\u7740\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5168\u9762\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u65e0\u6b67\u89c6\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u51b3\u88c2\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u9644\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u88ab\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u5374\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5168\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5265\u593a\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u53d6\u6d88\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u88ab\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u770b\u4f5c\u524d\u8005\u6025\u4e8e\u6446\u8131\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7684\u6258\u7ba1\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6cd5\u300b\u201c\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u6765\u8bf4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u77db\u76fe\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u540c\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u5185\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5feb\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd8\u62e8\u6b3e\u8d44\u52a9\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u52a9\u6210\u4e3a\u5317\u7f8e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u6597\u4e89\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u53c2\u653f\u610f\u8bc6\u4e5f\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201c\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u8fbe\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Alberta Indian Association\uff09\u8fd8\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u52a0\u6743\u516c\u6c11\u201d\uff08Citizen Plus\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u4eab\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u8054\u90a6\u627f\u8ba4\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u52a0\u6743\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5373\u9664\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5e94\u4eab\u6709\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u7279\u8bb8\u6210\u5458\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1972\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u5411\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4ea4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u300b\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6559\u80b2\u81ea\u4e3b\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e0e\u5317\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u90e8\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5c06\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u8f6c\u5f52\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u4ece\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u6de1\u51fa\uff0c\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5236\u5b66\u6821\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u88ab\u9646\u7eed\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7eb2\u9886\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u53c8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u901a\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672a\u6765\u201d\uff08Tradition and Education\uff1aTowards a Vision of Our Future\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u88c1\u51b3\u6743\u4e5f\u8f6c\u4ea4\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u52301995\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e880\uff05\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u8d39\u548c98\uff05\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5916\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u5b66\u6821\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u5df1\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u81ea\u4e3b\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u6e7e\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4f7f\u5f97\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u529f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u5c3c\u65af\u5676\u963f\u4eba\uff08Nisga\u2019a\uff09\u4e89\u53d6\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5219\u628a\u6218\u706b\u6210\u529f\u5f15\u5411\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5c3c\u65af\u5676\u963f\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u30021973\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ca\u5317\u65b9\u53d1\u5c55\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u653f\u7b56\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u627f\u8ba41763\u5e74\u300a\u7687\u5ba4\u516c\u544a\u300b\u30011867\u5e74\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u6240\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u8d4b\u4e88\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u571f\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u8be5\u90e8\u8fd8\u5728\u5176\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u8d54\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u91d1\u94b1\u548c\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u79cd\u901d\u53bb\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5fc5\u987b\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4f7f\u5f97\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u548c\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7f\u9614\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5229\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u96be\u9898\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u5219\u662f\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u6b64\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u8d54\u507f\u95ee\u9898\u30021974\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8d54\u507f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u7533\u8bc9\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u8d54\u507f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Office of Indian Claims\uff09\uff0c\u503e\u542c\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u4ece\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u6e7e\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u548c\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u4e0e\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u4e00\u5171\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e8620\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5168\u9762\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u9664\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7701\u4ee5\u5916\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8d54\u507f\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u622a\u81f31996\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u5171\u4e3a\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u652f\u4ed8\u4e863.8\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3 \u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

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