\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u73cd\u54c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u5e76\u4e14\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c55\u54c1\u662f\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u65af\u7279\u675c\u52d2\u65af\uff081953-1958\uff09\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u5bb6\u65cf\u6350\u8d60\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u751f\u524d\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7528\u54c1\u901a\u901a\u642c\u4e86\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u7956\u7236\u540c\u540d\uff0c\u5916\u7956\u7236\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6c83\u68ee\u798f\u65af\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\u517c\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6770\u660e\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u5185\u51fa\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u57281893\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6c83\u68ee\u798f\u65af\u7279\u4e0e\u52b3\u6797\u745f\u65af\u987f\uff08\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5185\u653f\u5927\u81e3\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u517c\u5e76\u590f\u5a01\u5937\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u7956\u7236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e861907\u5e74\u5728\u8377\u5170\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u6d77\u7259\u548c\u5e73\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7419\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u966a\u540c\u5916\u7956\u7236\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u56fd\u738b\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u524d\u6765\u63a7\u8bc9\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u671d\u9c9c\u540d\u66f0\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u5b9e\u4e3a\u541e\u5e76\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c99\u4fc4\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u5176\u5217\u4e3a\u5ba1\u8bae\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u4ee3\u8868\u6124\u7136\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5bf9\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u523a\u6fc0\u9887\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5916\u7956\u7236\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5f53\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u6539\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5b66\u5230\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u8bfb\u4e66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u968f\u5916\u7956\u7236\u51fa\u5e2d\u767d\u5bab\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bb6\u91cc\u5e38\u6709\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6\u970d\u534e\u5fb7\u5854\u592b\u8131\u603b\u7edf\u3001\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u683c\u7f57\u592b\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4f0d\u5fb7\u7f57\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u6765\u8bbf\u3002\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5165\u82cf\u5229\u6587\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
1915\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u540d\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u5170\u8f9b\uff08Robert Lansing\uff09\u63a5\u66ff\u5a01\u5ec9\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u5170\u8f9b\u662f\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u7684\u8205\u8205\u3002\u57281914\u5e74-1920\u5e74\u76847\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5170\u8f9b\u51fa\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u3002<\/p>\n
1915\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5145\u6ee1\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u62a5\u7ed9\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bc6\u7684\u300a\u7b2c\u4e94\u53f7\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f1906\u5e74\u300a\u65e5\u97e9\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u7684\u7ffb\u7248\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u57281915\u5e745\u670811\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u653f\u7b56\u76f8\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e88\u627f\u8ba4\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u58f0\u660e\u5c31\u51fa\u81ea\u5170\u8f9b\u4e4b\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u76841917\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u77f3\u4e95\u4e0e\u5170\u8f9b\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u77f3\u4e95\u5170\u8f9b\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6761\u7ea6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u65e5\u672c\u8bf4\u597d\u4f3c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u9662-\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u540c\u6587\u540c\u79cd\u201d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4ea4\u5f80\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u91cd\u7533\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u8bf4\u670d\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u6218\uff0c\u5170\u8f9b\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8be5\u79d8\u5bc6\u534f\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
1918\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u51fa\u5175\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u51fa\u5175\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8981\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6377\u514b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5b89\u5168\u8fd4\u56de\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u662f\u60f3\u5360\u9886\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u3002\u57281919\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u00a0\u5170\u8f9b\u5e26\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5916\u7525\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u7684\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u7267\u91ce\u4f38\u663e\uff08\u8428\u6469\u85e9\u5927\u4e45\u4fdd\u5229\u901a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u5409\u7530\u8302\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u6bd4\u5409\u7530\u8302\u5c0f\u5341\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5170\u8f9b\u66fe\u5efa\u8bae\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u51c6\u5907\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u56fd\u8054\u201d\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u575a\u6301\u8981\u53bb\u5e76\u5728\u201c\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0a\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u65e5\u672c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u4e1c\u7684\u9886\u571f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u53c2\u6218\u56fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u80dc\u5229\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u571f\u88ab\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u80dc\u5229\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u62ff\u8d70\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u62ff\u8d70\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9042\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\u8fc1\u6012\u4e8e\u5170\u8f9b\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u4e0e\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u88c2\u75d5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u56fd\u8054\u201d\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u51c6\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u5170\u8f9b\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u9eef\u7136\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n
1945\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u548c\u5e73\u8c08\u5224\u53cd\u53cd\u590d\u590d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0d\u5927\u30021949\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u88ab\u5168\u6743\u59d4\u4efb\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u65e5\u5abe\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u547d\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6709\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eba\u591a\u4e00\u500d\u7684\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u5373\u4fbf\u5199\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
1950\u5e746\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
1950\u5e746\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u7279\u522b\u987e\u95ee\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u963f\u91cc\u68ee\u6240\u7387\u9886\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u3001\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u8054\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5e03\u83b1\u5fb7\u96f7\u7387\u9886\u7684\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u8981\u627e\u5409\u7530\u8302\u8c08\u5bf9\u65e5\u5abe\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u6765\u8c08\u65e5\u672c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7f8e\u519b\u9a7b\u624e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u540c\u65f6\u805a\u96c6\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ee71948\u5e743\u6708\u51ef\u5357\u548c\u5fb7\u96f7\u5e15\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n
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10\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u8d74\u671d\uff0c11\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u53d1\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u519b\u201c\u6e83\u8d25\u540e\u64a4\u201d\u300211\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u5728\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5c06\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u53e3\u4e2d\u8bf4\u51fa\uff0c\u5409\u7530\u8302\u4e00\u76f4\u6002\u607f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
1950\u5e7412\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u827e\u5947\u900a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u5229\u7528\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6709\u5229\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u7f14\u7ed3\u5bf9\u65e5\u548c\u7ea6\u30021951\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u4efb\u547d\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u7279\u4f7f\uff0c1\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u675c\u52d2\u65af\u518d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\u30021\u670825\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c29\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5409\u7530\u5c31\u5bf9\u65e5\u548c\u7ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6761\u7ea6\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u4f1a\u8c08\u30022\u670811\u65e5\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
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