[\u6458 \u8981]1930\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d41\u653e\u7684\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8fc1\u79fb\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u5f53\u5c40\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5382\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u5b89\u7f6e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8feb\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u201c\u4e34\u9635\u78e8\u67aa\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u5bb6\u5ead\u5374\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6b64\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u4f4f\u623f\u77ed\u7f3a\u548c\u62e5\u6324\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u62df\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u5b50\u5973\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u63a2\u8ba81930\u5e74\u590f\u5728\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5904\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5f00\u91c7\u56fd\u5185\u4e1c\u90e8\u3001\u5317\u90e8\u8fb9\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e4b\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6781\u5176\u201c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u201d\uff0c\u8fc1\u79fb\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u6d88\u706d\u5bcc\u519c\u9636\u5c42\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u5df2\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u5c24\u5176\u6ce8\u91cd\u4ee5\u751f\u8fd8\u8005\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u53f2\u6599\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u5b89\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u51b5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u751f\u8fd8\u8005\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6709\u5931\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u516c\u5141\u3002\u800c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u89e6\u53ca\u751f\u8fd8\u8005\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u53f2\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u5c1a\u672a\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u62df\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u5b50\u5973\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u63a2\u8ba81930\u5e74\u590f\u5728\u6d41\u653e\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5904\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4e9b\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\u5373\u5df2\u5230\u8fbe\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u5c40\u540e\u6765\u5374\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u8fd0\u9001\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u57281930\u5e74\u590f\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u521d\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u7684\u5904\u5883\u975e\u5e38\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff1a\u4f4f\u623f\u77ed\u7f3a\u548c\u62e5\u6324\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f4f\u623f<\/p>\n
\u6309\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u6751\u7684\u519c\u6237\u805a\u5c45\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u201c\u672c\u5730\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u6df7\u5408\u6742\u5c45\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u519c\u6237\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u519c\u6c11\u540c\u6751\u800c\u5c45\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u6ed1\u7a3d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6316\u82e6\u7684\u5473\u9053\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e9b\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u672c\u5730\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6839\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u68da\u5c4b\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u2014\u2014\u51b5\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u6570\u5468\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u5c11\u6216\u6839\u672c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u68da\u5c4b\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4e14\u4e3e\u51e0\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e07\u8bfa\u592b\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u521d\u5230\u6d41\u653e\u5730\u5934\u51e0\u5929\u91cc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u9053\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u5168\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5e10\u7bf7\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7a9d\u68da\u7684\u5149\u79c3\u79c3\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u3002\u201d[1]\u800c\u7c73\u62c9\u4f0a\u00b7\u8d39\u5965\u591a\u7f57\u592b\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u5e03\u62c9\u7f05\u79d1\uff08Miraiia Fedorovna Abramenko\uff09\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd0\u9001\u6211\u4eec\u5230\u83ab\u8fbe\u6208\u6070\uff08Mogochino\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6cb3\u5cb8\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5c45\u6240\u3002\u201d[2]\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u81ea\u884c\u642d\u5efa\u7b80\u6613\u4f4f\u6240\u2014\u2014\u68da\u5c4b\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u4e4b\u5973\u739b\u5229\u5a05\u00b7\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u5c3c\u514b\uff08Maria Solomonik\uff09\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6240\u8f7d\u6700\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u3002\u5979\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u5761\u4e0a\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u4fee\u5efa\u7b80\u964b\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u5c0f\u623f\u5b50\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u672a\u7ecf\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u539f\u6728\u5792\u5899\uff0c\u4ee5\u6746\u3001\u6866\u6761\u679d\u3001\u677e\u6728\u6811\u679d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce5\u571f\u7ed9\u5c4b\u76d6\u9876\u3002\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u7ed9\u623f\u5b50\u5f00\u4e86\u7a97\u6237\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u51fa\u7684\u95e8\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e00\u5757\u684c\u5e03\u5f53\u906e\u853d\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u5219\u88ab\u6536\u5165\u888b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u4f4f\u7684\u662f\u6ce5\u5c4b\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6316\u6398\u6df1\u6c9f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6df1\u6c9f\u90fd\u5f97\u4f4f\u4e0a\u597d\u51e0\u6237\u4eba\u5bb6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6ce5\u8d28\u7684\u5730\u677f\u548c\u5899\u58c1\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88c2\u5f00\uff1b\u5728\u96e8\u5929\u65f6\uff0c\u6c34\u5c31\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u5899\u58c1\u548c\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u9694\u677f\u5f80\u4e0b\u76f4\u843d\u3002\u201d[3]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u5ea7\u68da\u5c4b\u6240\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u62e5\u6324\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u636e\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u8fbe\u8389\u4e9a\u00b7\u72c4\u4f0a\u5a1c\uff08Darya Dyubina\uff09\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u77d7\u7acb\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u68da\u5c4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u5bb6\u6728\u6750\u52a0\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7279\u522b\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u65e2\u810f\u53c8\u4e0d\u901a\u98ce\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f88\u6f6e\u6e7f\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u62e5\u6324\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u95f4\u68da\u5c4b\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u91cc\u9762\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u8349\u68da\u548c\u623f\u9876\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u5f53\u5bd2\u51b7\u3002\u201d[4]\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u5965\u5c14\u52a0\u00b7\u5207\u5c14\u8bfa\u4e4c\u82cf\u5a03\uff08Olga Chernousov\uff09\u6240\u8bb2\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u4f4f\u623f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5979\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u68da\u5c4b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u6765\u70e7\u7816\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u96e8\uff0c\u68da\u5c4b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6f0f\u96e8\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u642d\u5efa\u68da\u5c4b4\u5ea7\uff1a\u6bcf\u5ea7\u68da\u5c4b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f4f\u6ee1\u4e86\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u591a\u8fbe775\u4eba\uff0c\u94fa\u4f4d\u662f\u53cc\u5c42\u7684\u3002\u201d[5]<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u98df\u54c1<\/p>\n
\u521d\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u98df\u7269\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u9965\u997f\u4e2d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u9965\u997f\u800c\u6765\u4e86\u8eab\u4f53\u865a\u5f31\u3001\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9965\u997f<\/p>\n
T.I.\u53f6\u592b\u8c22\u8036\u5a03\uff08T.I.Evseeva\uff09\u968f\u7236\u6bcd\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5f7c\u5c14\u59c6\u5dde\uff0c\u65f6\u5e74\u4ec59\u5c81\uff0c\u5979\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u6211\u4eec\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6c99\u62c9\u6e56\u8fb9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e48\u5356\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u2018\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u4f9b\u5e94\u6781\u5c11\u4e14\u8d28\u4f4e\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6328\u997f\u3002\u4f9b\u5e94\u5b9a\u989d\u9762\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u989d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8db3\u989d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u201d[6]<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1<\/p>\n
\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u53f6\u5361\u6377\u7433\u5a1c\u00b7\u8c22\u5c14\u76d6\u592b\u5a1c\u00b7\u5362\u91d1\u5a1c\uff08Ekaterina Sergeevna Lukina\uff09\u7684\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u201d\u53f2\u6599\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u7531\u9965\u997f\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u865a\u5f31\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5979\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u98df\u7269\u914d\u989d\u3002\u6bcf\u6708\u914d\u7ed9\u9762\u7c896\u516c\u65a4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u865a\u5f31\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u80bf\u80c0\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6b7b\u8005\u88ab\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u575f\u51a2\u91cc\uff0c\u8fde\u68fa\u6750\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u2018\u5893\u5730\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6269\u5927\u3002\u201d[7]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4f0a\u7433\u5a1c\u00b7\u8d39\u4e4c\u897f\u5a03\u00b7\u79d1\u7f57\u65af\u6377\u5217\u57fa\u5a1c\uff08Irina Fedoseevna Korostelkina\uff09\u3001\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u963f\u4f1f\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\uff08Nikolai Averyanov\uff09\u3001\u739b\u5229\u5a05\u00b7\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u5c3c\u514b\uff08Maria Solomonik\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\u6216\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u4e00\u7aa5\u7a76\u7adf\u3002\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u963f\u4f1f\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\uff08NikolaiAveryanov\uff09\u5230\u8fbe\u6d41\u653e\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u7ed5\u7740\u6751\u5b50\u5230\u5904\u8d70\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u5730\u4e0a\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u6b7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9965\u997f\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u548c\u8086\u63a0\u3002\u201d\u800c\u739b\u5229\u5a05\u00b7\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u5c3c\u514b\uff08Maria Solomonik\uff09\u4ece\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u65b9\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u7684\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002\u4f4f\u6240\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u575f\u51a2\u5751\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u9b42\u5f52\u4e4b\u6240\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8d2d\u7f6e\u68fa\u6728\u548c\u4fee\u5efa\u50cf\u6837\u7684\u575f\u5893\u3002\u751f\u8005\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u6866\u6761\u679d\u548c\u6728\u6746\u5236\u4f5c\u62c5\u67b6\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6765\u62ac\u6b7b\u8005\u3002\u4e0b\u846c\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u8005\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u961f\u628a\u6b7b\u8005\u9001\u5f80\u6df1\u5751\u3002\u201d[8]<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/p>\n
1930\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u521d\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u65f6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6309\u76d1\u7ba1\u5f53\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u642d\u5efa\u7b80\u6613\u68da\u5c4b\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5bcc\u519c\u6237\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7b80\u6613\u5de5\u68da\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7279\u522b\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u81ea\u884c\u4fee\u5efa\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u5bb6\u5ead\u65f6\u5e38\u5904\u4e8e\u9965\u997f\u6216\u534a\u9965\u997f\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u731d\u4e0d\u53ca\u9632\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d41\u653e\u5bcc\u519c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u81f4\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u5176\u4e3a\u4eba\u201d[9]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n
[1]\u6c88\u5fd7\u534e\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u82cf\u8054\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9009\u7f16\u300b\uff08\u7b2c12\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c187\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[2][6][7]\u7433\u5185\u00b7\u7ef4\u5965\u62c9\uff1a\u300a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u2014\u2014\u65af\u5927\u6797\u65f6\u671f\u9690\u79d8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u300b\uff08Lynne Viola\uff0c The Unknown Gulag\uff1a The Lost World of Stalin’s Special Settlements\uff09\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff1a\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c85\u201486\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
[3][4][5][8]\u72c4\u6ce2\u62c9\u00b7\u970d\u592b\u66fc\uff1a\u300a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff1a\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u9634\u5f71\u4e0b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u300b\uff08Deborah Hoffman\uff0c The Littlest Enemies\uff1a Children in the Shadow of the Gulag\uff09\uff0c\u4f2f\u660e\u987f\uff1a\u65af\u62c9\u7ef4\u5361\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c41\u201452\u9875<\/p>\n
[9]\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u7433\u5185\u00b7\u7ef4\u5965\u62c9\uff1a\u201c\u53e6\u7c7b\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff1a1930\u5e74\u51ac\u5411\u5317\u90e8\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u5bcc\u519c\u201dLynne Viola\uff0c\u201cThe Other Archipelago\uff1a Kulak Deportation to the North in 1930\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08Slavic Review\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c60\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\uff082001\u5e7412\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c745\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[\u6458 \u8981]1930\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6d41\u653e\u7684\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8fc1\u79fb\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[2846,1004,22],"views":423,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19854"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19854"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19856,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19854\/revisions\/19856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}