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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u65e5\u672c\u8054\u5408\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u4e1c\u4e61\u5e73\u516b\u90ce\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u8865\u7ed9\u4f9b\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65ad\u5b9a\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6d77\u5ce1\u76f4\u63a5\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u53c2\u5d34\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e745\u670820\u65e5\u4e1c\u4e61\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u5168\u8230\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u6218\u4f4d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e745\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u4ece\u53f0\u6e7e\u9644\u8fd1\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c26\u65e5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e0a\u6d77\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c27\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\u8fdb\u5165\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u94bb\u8fdb\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u7684\u5305\u56f4\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

27\u65e5\u6e05\u66682\u65f645\u5206\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8f85\u52a9\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u201c\u4fe1\u6d53\u4e38\u201d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u65f65\u5206\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e61\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5168\u8230\u961f\u51fa\u51fb\uff0c1\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c3e\u968f\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u534811\u65f615\u5206\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bd5\u63a2\u6027\u7684\u4ea4\u706b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6574\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5348\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u90fd\u50cf\u5e7d\u7075\u4e00\u6837\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u7ed9\u4fc4\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7cbe\u795e\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u672c\u5df2\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u66f4\u663e\u4f4e\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u534811\u65f630\u5206\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u7f57\u65e5\u6377\u65af\u7279\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6539\u53d8\u9635\u5f62\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5206\u961f\u52a0\u901f\u523011\u8282\uff0c\u884c\u9a76\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb5\u961f\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u4e0b\u4ee4\u53e6\u4e00\u7eb5\u961f\u51cf\u901f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u7684\u9635\u5f62\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u53481\u65f630\u5206\uff0c\u65e5\u3001\u4fc4\u53cc\u65b9\u63a5\u8fd1\u81f310\u6d77\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u5c1a\u672a\u628a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u9635\u5f62\u6062\u590d\u30021\u65f655\u5206\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e61\u5e73\u516b\u90ce\u6a21\u4eff\u7279\u62c9\u6cd5\u5c14\u52a0\u6d77\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u7eb3\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u7687\u56fd\u5174\u5e9f\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u6218\u3001\u5404\u5458\u4e00\u5c42\u594b\u52b1\u52aa\u529b\u201d\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u53482\u65f65\u5206\uff0c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5229\u653b\u51fb\u9635\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e61\u6bc5\u7136\u4e0b\u4ee4\u654c\u524d\u5927\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201cU\u201d\u578b\u8f6c\u5f2f\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u65f68\u5206\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u65d7\u8230\u201c\u82cf\u6c83\u7f57\u592b\u516c\u7235\u201d\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u5f00\u706b\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u65f611\u5206\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u65d7\u8230\u201c\u4e09\u7b20\u8230\u201d\u53d1\u70ae\u8fd8\u51fb\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3b\u529b\u8230\u57286000\u7c73\u8ddd\u79bb\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u70ae\u6218\uff0c\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6d77\u6218\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u5229\u752816\u5206\u949f\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u201cU\u201d\u578b(\u201c\u03b1\u201d\u578b)\u8f6c\u5411\u540e\uff0c\u6e10\u6b21\u91c7\u7528\u62a2\u5360T\u5b57\u6a2a\u5934\u7684\u6218\u672f\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u5411\u4fc4\u56fd\u5148\u5934\u6218\u8230\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u66fe\u6253\u4f24\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4e24\u8258\u88c5\u7532\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u201c\u51fa\u4e91\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6d45\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f6c\u5411\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8230\u961f\u5229\u7528\u5176\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u822a\u901f\u548c\u5c04\u901f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u706b\u70ae\u5f39\u836f\u5a01\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u6218\u573a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u65d7\u8230\u201c\u82cf\u6c83\u7f57\u592b\u516c\u7235\u201d\u53f7\u906d\u5230\u65e5\u65b9\u70ae\u706b\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u731b\u70c8\u5c04\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u53482\u65f620\u5206\uff0c\u8239\u8235\u88ab\u6253\u574f\uff0c\u519b\u8230\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u7f57\u65e5\u6377\u65af\u7279\u6587\u65af\u57fa\u4e5f\u8eab\u53d7\u91cd\u4f24\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u90fd\u88ab\u6253\u70c2\u7684\u201c\u82cf\u6c83\u7f57\u592b\u516c\u7235\u201d\u88ab\u8feb\u9000\u51fa\u6218\u5217\u5728\u6d77\u9762\u4e0a\u6f02\u6d6e\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u9677\u5165\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u6325\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fc4\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5206\u961f\u7684\u65d7\u8230\u201c\u5965\u65af\u5229\u4e9a\u6bd4\u4e9a\u201d\u906d\u52306\u8258\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u8230\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u8f70\u51fb\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u91cd\u521b\uff0c\u4e0b\u53483\u65f630\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u6c89\u6ca1\uff0c\u5168\u8230900\u540d\u5b98\u5175\u5e78\u5b58300\u4f59\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\u7684\u6218\u5217\u8230\u201c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16\u201d\u3001\u201c\u535a\u7f57\u5b63\u8bfa\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9e70\u201d\u3001\u201c\u897f\u7d22\u4f9d-\u7ef4\u5229\u57fa\u201d\u4e5f\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u91cd\u521b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6d77\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\u4eba\u7269\u9a6c\u5361\u6d1b\u592b\uff1a\u7adf\u4e2d\u6c34\u96f7\u8eab\u4ea1<\/p>\n

\u65af\u6377\u6f58\u00b7\u5965\u897f\u6ce2\u7ef4\u00b7\u9a6c\u5361\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6d77\u519b\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5c06\u9886\uff0c \u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6781\u5730\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4f1a\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

1876\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5206\u8230\u961f\u548c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u8230\u961f\u4e2d\u4efb\u804c\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u8230\u8239\u4e0d\u6c89\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u8230\u8247\u9694\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u6c34\u5bc6\u8231\uff0c\u5728\u8230\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u5e26\u6709\u5927\u529f\u7387\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u6cf5\u548c\u6392\u6c34\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u5907\u7279\u79cd\u5835\u6f0f\u57ab\u4ee5\u5835\u585e\u7834\u635f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u6d77\u519b\u754c\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u8239\u6cca\u4e0d\u6c89\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1877\u5e74\u4fc4\u571f\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u6307\u6325\u6c34\u96f7\u8247\u6bcd\u8230\uff0c\u7528\u6491\u6746\u6c34\u96f7\u5bf9\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8230\u961f\u548c\u5546\u8239\u5b9e\u65bd\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u51fb\u6c89\u3001\u51fb\u4f24\u571f\u8230\u591a\u8258\u30021881\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u74e6\u4f0a\u7279\u8d6b\u5fb7\u201d\u81ea\u52a8\u6c34\u9c7c\u96f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1\u6708\u5728\u5df4\u7edf\u6d77\u57df\u51fb\u6c89\u571f\u8033\u5176\u84b8\u6c7d\u62a4\u822a\u8230\u201c\u56e0\u5947\u5df4\u8d6b\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9c7c\u96f7\u51fb\u6c89\u519b\u8230\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u6218\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

1881\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u6307\u6325\u201c\u5854\u66fc\u201d\u53f7\u8b66\u536b\u8230\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u535a\u65af\u666e\u9c81\u65af\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u7b2c1\u6b21\u5728\u8be5\u6d77\u5ce1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6df1\u6c34\u6d77\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9ed1\u6d77\u548c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u4ea4\u6362\u300b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4fc4\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5956\u91d1\u30021886\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u6307\u6325\u201c\u52c7\u58eb\u201d\u53f7\u8f7b\u5de1\u822a\u8230\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe3\u5e74\u7684\u73af\u7403\u822a\u884c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u822a\u884c\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u201c\u52c7\u58eb\u201d\u53f7\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u518d\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u5956\u91d1\u548c\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u30021897\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u8fc7\u534a\u767e\u7684\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5411\u5317\u6781\u8fdb\u519b\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1899\u548c 1901\u5e74\u4e58\u7834\u51b0\u8239\u53f6\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u53f7\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6781\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u4ed6\u53c8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6781\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

1890\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u5361\u6d1b\u592b\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u5c11\u5c06\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u8230\u961f\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u3001\u4fc4\u6d77\u519b\u70ae\u5175\u603b\u76d1\u3002\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u70ae\u5f39\u5f39\u5e3d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u70ae\u5f39\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u5361\u7f57\u592b\u5f39\u5e3d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9e\u8df5\u5217\u88c5\uff0c\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4fc4\u56fd\u8230\u961f\u5982\u679c\u88c5\u5907\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ae\u5f39\u5c06\u4f1a\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u51fb\u7a7f\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u8230\u7684\u4e3b\u88c5\u7532\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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