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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n

[1]Lynn\u2005White,\u2005Medieval Technology and Social Change,\u2005pp.10-38,\u2005Oxford\u2005University\u2005Press,\u20051962.<\/p>\n

[2] \u2005\u2005a.\u738b\u94c1\u82f1\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u956b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5b66\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2002\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

b.\u9648\u51cc\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u956b\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65b0\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5b66\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c 2009\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] \u2005[\u6cd5]\u52d2\u5185\u00b7\u683c\u9c81\u585e\u8457\uff0c\u84dd\u742a\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u8349\u539f\u5e1d\u56fd\u300b\u7b2c27\u9875\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1998\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[4] \u2005\u2005W.\u2005W.\u2005Arent,\u2005Sur l\u2019apparition del\u2019etrier chez<\/p>\n

les Scythes,\u2005pp.207-209,\u2005Eurusia\u2005Septentrinalis\u2005Antiqua,\u2005IX,\u20051934.<\/p>\n

[ 5 ] \u2005\u2005a.\u5b59\u673a\uff1a\u300a\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u9a6c\u5177\u4e0e\u9a6c\u9970\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b1981\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff1b\u589e\u6539\u540e\u8f7d\u5165\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u8206\u670d\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\uff08\u589e\u8ba2\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u6587\u7269\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

b.\u2005\u9f50\u4e1c\u65b9\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u9a6c\u956b\u7684\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b1993\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[ 6 ] \u2005\u2005\u540c[ 2 ]a\u3002<\/p>\n

[ 7 ] \u2005\u2005a.\u739b\u4e3d\u5a05\uff08Maria\u2005Kudinova\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u6b27\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\u7684\u9a6c\u956b\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u5173\u9a6c\u956b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u9a6c\u956b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u535a\u300b2019\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002b.\u2005\u0410\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u2005\u041f.\u2005\u041f.,\u2005\u0415\u0449\u0435\u2005\u0440\u0430\u0437\u2005\u043e\u2005\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445\u2005c\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445,\u2005\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a,\u2005\u2116\u20054. \u0421.\u2005297-322,\u20052014.<\/p>\n

[ 8 ] \u2005\u2005Andrey\u2005 Alexeyev,\u2005 The Gold of the Scythian Kings in the Hermitage Collection,\u2005p.198,\u2005The\u2005state\u2005Hermitage\u2005Publishers,\u20052012.<\/p>\n

[ 9 ] \u2005\u2005\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u3001E\u00b7J\u00b7\u970d\u59c6\u4e9a\u5fb7\u7b49\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u6f5c\u4f1f\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u6280\u672f\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u7b2c2\u5377\uff09\u7b2c396\u9875\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u79d1\u6280\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[10] \u2005\u674e\u4e91\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u201c\u8f6f\u9a6c\u978d\u201d\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u520a\u300b2019\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[11] \u2005Nazer\u2005Aziz\u2005Anjum,Horse Sculpture in India, Indian\u2005 History\u2005 Congress,\u2005 Proceedings\u2005 of\u2005 the Indian\u2005 History\u2005 Congress,\u2005 Vol.72,\u2005 PART-II, pp.1247-1253,\u20052011.<\/p>\n

[12]\u2005P.K.\u2005Gode,\u2005 History of Stirrup and Foreign Horsemanship-Between B.C.852 and 1948,\u2005Studies in\u2005Indian\u2005Cultural\u2005History,\u2005\u2161,\u2005p.75,\u2005Poona,\u20051960.<\/p>\n

[13]\u2005\u2005\u91c7\u81ea\u6797\u6069\u00b7\u6000\u72791974\u5e74\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8f6c\u5f15\u81ea\u7f57\u5b97\u771f\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u956b\u4e0e\u70bc\u4e39\u672f\u2500\u7eaa\u5ff5\u674e\u7ea6\u745f\u535a\u58eb\u63f4\u534e50\u5468\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e1c\u5357\u6587\u5316\u300b1994\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[14] \u2005\u5f20\u589e\u797a\uff1a\u300a\u6ec7\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u9a6c\u3001\u9a6c\u5177\u53ca\u9a6c\u956b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u300b 1997\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[15] \u2005\u5f20\u589e\u797a\uff1a\u300a\u518d\u8bba\u6ec7\u56fd\u7684\u9a6c\u5177\u3001\u9a6c\u956b\u4e0e\u9a6c\u94e0\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u53e4\u6ec7\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[16] \u2005\u5b59\u673a\uff1a\u300a\u6c49\u4ee3\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u6599\u56fe\u8bf4\u300b\uff08\u589e\u8ba2\u672c\uff09\u7b2c139\u9875\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\u79f0\u8dbe\u956b\u4e3a\u201c\u811a\u6263\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e00\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

[17]\u2005\u2005\u540c[2]a\u3002<\/p>\n

[18]\u2005\u2005\u540c[7]a\u3002<\/p>\n

[19]\u2005\u2005\u540c[15]\u3002<\/p>\n

[20] \u2005\u5b59\u673a\uff1a\u300a\u6ec7\u6587\u7269\u5c0f\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u4e91\u5357\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u5149\u2014\u6ec7\u738b\u56fd\u6587\u7269\u7cbe\u54c1\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c 2003\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[21] \u2005\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff1a\u300a\u957f\u6c99\u4e24\u664b\u5357\u671d\u968b\u5893\u53d1\u6398\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u62a5\u300b1959\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[22] \u2005\u7530\u7acb\u5764\uff1a\u300a\u9ad8\u6865\u978d\u7684\u590d\u539f\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

[23]\u2005\u2005\u540c[7]\u3002<\/p>\n

[24] \u2005\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u8c61\u5c715\u53f7\u30016\u53f7\u30017\u53f7\u5893\u6e05\u7406\u7b80\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b1972\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002\u6797\u6885\u6751\u5bf97\u53f7\u5893\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3a\u5218\u5b8b\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u6c0f\u8457\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u8c61\u5c717\u2005\u53f7\u5893\u51fa\u571f\u897f\u65b9\u8236\u6765\u54c1\u8003\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u516c\u51435\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u4e1d\u8def\u6587\u660e\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u3002\u4f46\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u5893\u846c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u968f\u846c\u54c1\u7ec4\u5408\u3001\u578b\u5f0f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u4ee3\u5224\u65ad\u4ecd\u4ee5\u4e1c\u664b\u4e3a\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n

[25]\u2005\u2005\u540c[2]b\u3002<\/p>\n

[26]\u2005\u2005\u540c[10]\u3002<\/p>\n

[27]\u2005\u2005\u540c[20]\u3002<\/p>\n

[28] \u2005\u9648\u5dcd\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u956b\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u65b0\u63a2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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