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1\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5360\u6bd4\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1b\u7a0e\u6536\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u5360\u6bd4\u5f00\u59cb\u8d85\u8fc7\u5730\u7a0e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u5c42\u5c06\u5730\u79df\u6295\u5411\u8d44\u672c\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6536\u53d6\u5730\u79df\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4f43\u8015\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u652f\u6301\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f00\u59cb\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6709\u5229\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u963b\u788d\u5176\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4f43\u8015\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5730\u79df\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u5c42\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u76d8\u5265\u7684\u4f43\u519c\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u5c16\u9510\u3002[10]\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u548c\u9ad8\u6602\u5730\u79df\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u800c\u6781\u7aef\u8d2b\u56f0\u4f7f\u519c\u6751\u6210\u4e3a\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6e29\u5e8a\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u5b50\u5f1f\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u90bb\u56fd\u5175\u6e90\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002[11]\u79cd\u7cae\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u52a0\u4e4b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u7cae\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002[12]\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u56de\u5230\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u571f\u5730\u5206\u914d\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u5cfb\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u5c06\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e3e\u63aa<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u76df\u519b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u5730\u4e3b\u4f4e\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u552e\u7ed9\u4f43\u519c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u9010\u6b65\u660e\u6670\u3002[13-14]\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5df2\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u2460\u9650\u671f\u4e24\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u7ea680%\u7684\u539f\u4f43\u8015\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u5e7f\u5927\u4f43\u519c\u8015\u79cd\uff1b\u2461\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u4f43\u8015\u5730\uff0c\u53ef\u7ee7\u7eed\u7531\u5730\u4e3b\u79df\u4f43\u7ed9\u4f43\u519c\u8015\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u79df\u4e0d\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e8e\u9650\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e14\u4f43\u519c\u6709\u6743\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4e\u5730\u79df\uff1b\u2462\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u79df\u4f43\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u7b7e\u8ba2\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u6587\u4e66\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u675c\u7edd\u519c\u5730\u51fa\u79df\u65b9\u64c5\u81ea\u6536\u56de\u519c\u5730\u6216\u4e0a\u8c03\u5730\u79df\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002[15-16]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6cd5\u89c4\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f43\u6237\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8015\u8005\u6709\u5176\u7530\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6539\u9769\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5de9\u56fa\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u571f\u5730\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u5730\u4e3b\u3001\u5927\u6237\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u53d6\u5f97\u521d\u6b65\u6210\u6548\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u519c\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u4e70\u5356\u548c\u79df\u8d41\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u519c\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u6279\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ea4\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u6548\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u5730\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3001\u4f43\u519c\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5730\u4e3b\u62e5\u6709\u519c\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u79df\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6700\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236[\u2461]\u3002[17]<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u52301950\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u4f43\u8015\u5730\u7ea6\u6709194\u4e07\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u4f43\u8015\u5730\u768480%\u3002\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ed9\u5728\u6751\u5730\u4e3b\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u9762\u79ef\u5185\u7684\u4f43\u8015\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u79df\u5df2\u88ab\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3\u5e73\u57475%\u52306%\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f43\u8015\u519c\u6237\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u538b\u529b\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u8f7b\u3002\u52301950\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u6237\u6570\u5360\u519c\u6237\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7ffb\u500d\uff0c\u534a\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u5360\u6bd4\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8fd110\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9\uff1b\u4f43\u519c\u6237\u6570\u5360\u6bd4\u5219\u51cf\u5c11\u81f35%[\u2462]\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u636e\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u8fbe194\u4e07\u516c\u9877\u7684\u519c\u5730\u88ab\u5ec9\u4ef7\u51fa\u552e\u7ed9\u81f3\u5c11230\u4e07\u4e2a\u519c\u6237\u3002\u7531\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u4e3b\u6301\u6709\u5927\u5757\u519c\u5730\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u6301\u6709\u5206\u6563\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u5c0f\u5757\u519c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u548c\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5236\u8ba2\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u5bc4\u751f\u5730\u5360\u6709\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u519c\u5730\u7684\u4f43\u8015\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u81ea\u8015\u519c\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u751f\u4ea7\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece1950\u52301964\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5e74\u519c\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u7387\u8fbe\u52304%\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u81ea\u7ed9\u80fd\u529b\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5728\u7f13\u89e3\u98df\u7269\u77ed\u7f3a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u6d88\u9664\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002[20]<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u519c\u5730\u6539\u9769\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d \uff1a\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u8270\u96be\u63a2\u7d22<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u30021955\u5e74\u52301965\u5e74\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u603b\u4f53\u4e0b\u964d27%\uff0c\u52302013\u5e74\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec5\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u76844%\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e3a\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u548c\u571f\u5730\u8352\u5e9f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u5730\u5411\u4e13\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u96c6\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u8feb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79bb\u6751\u4e0d\u79bb\u519c\u3001\u201c\u4e8c\u517c\u6ede\u7559\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u517c\u4e1a\u6237\u79bb\u6751\u79bb\u519c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u9762\u56fd\u9645\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4f46\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u5f31\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u519c\u5730\u7ec6\u788e\u5236\u7ea6\u89c4\u6a21\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u30022010\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u6237\u5747\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u4ec5\u67091.96\u516c\u9877\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u90fd\u5e9c\u53bf\u5730\u533a\u4e3a1.42\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5730\u533a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u8fbe\u523021.48\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u8d85\u8fc750%\u519c\u6237\u7684\u8015\u79cd\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u8db320\u516c\u9877\u3002\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e25\u91cd\u5236\u7ea6\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u96c6\u56e2\u7b49\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519c\u573a\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u519c\u7ecf\u8425\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77ed\u677f\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u89c4\u6a21\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u65e5\u672c\u519c\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6293\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u63a8\u52a8\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u8270\u96be\u63a2\u7d22<\/p>\n

\u4ece1961\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u6269\u5927\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5386\u5c4a\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5747\u5728\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u5c0f\u519c\u751f\u4ea7\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u8270\u96be\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4ee5\u51e0\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u8f6c\u6298\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff091961\u5e74\u5236\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u4e1a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\uff1a\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

1961\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u81ea\u7acb\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u300a\u519c\u4e1a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u6279\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728\u300a\u519c\u4e1a\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u300b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9646\u7eed\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e86\u591a\u90e8\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u653e\u677e\u4e86\u5bf9\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u30021962\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u76f8\u7ee7\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u519c\u534f\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u65b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u519c\u534f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f00\u5c55\u519c\u5730\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u519c\u5730\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e66\u9762\u59d4\u6258\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u5c55\u519c\u5730\u501f\u8d37\u548c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u4fe1\u6258\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u52a0\u5feb\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u6cd5\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u519c\u4e8b\u7ec4\u5408\u6cd5\u4eba\u7b49\u4e3b\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u519c\u5730\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u63a8\u9ad8\u5730\u4ef7\u548c\u517c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4fbf\u5229\u5316\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u66f4\u52a0\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7559\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u4ee5\u201c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u6cd5\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u519c\u632f\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5212\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u632f\u5174\u5730\u57df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5b9a\u8be5\u5730\u57df\u7684\u519c\u5730\u8f6c\u7528\u4ee5\u6b64\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u8fdb\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e00\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u4ef7\u66b4\u6da8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\uff0c\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u6536\u6548\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff091970\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\uff1a\u5f00\u8f9f\u4ee5\u79df\u8d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u6548\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8ba9\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u4f9d\u9760\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fdb\u516570\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53e6\u8f9f\u65b0\u8def\uff0c\u6d41\u8f6c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u79df\u8d41\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\u3002<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u5728\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u65b0\u6cd5\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f43\u519c\u5730\u79df\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u571f\u5730\u79df\u51fa\u65b9\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u5176\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79df\u8d41\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u89e3\u966410\u5e74\u671f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u7ea6\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u671f\u9650\u8d85\u8fc710\u5e74\u7684\u79df\u8d41\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u5230\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u79df\u51fa\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u519c\u5730\u79df\u51fa\u65b9\u6743\u76ca\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u548c1952\u5e74\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u9650\u5236\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u7ea6\u89e3\u9664\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002[21]\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u610f\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u5f3a\u79df\u51fa\u65b9\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u6d41\u8f6c\u571f\u5730\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6d41\u8f6c\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c1970\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u519c\u6c11\u5e74\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u91d1\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u519c\u6c11\u9000\u4f11\u5e74\u91d1\u7684\u6570\u989d\u548c\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u671f\u9650\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u6d41\u8f6c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\u3001\u671f\u9650\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5e74\u91d1\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6d41\u8f6c\u8865\u8d34\u8d8a\u591a\u3002[22]1975\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9996\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u632f\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5b9a\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u632f\u5174\u533a\u540e\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u6b64\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u519c\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u4fee\u8ba2\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u5404\u533a\u57df\u7684\u519c\u5730\u5229\u7528\u89c4\u5212\u4e14\u7b7e\u8ba2\u519c\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u65e7\u7248\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u519c\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff091992\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c<\/p>\n

\u2460\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4f53\u7684\u57f9\u80b2<\/p>\n

1992\u5e74\uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4ee5\u91cd\u70b9\u6276\u6301\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u601d\u8def\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u4fc3\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u8d85\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u8ba1\u5212\u4e14\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u610f\u613f\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u201d\u3002\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a\u98df\u7269\u00b7\u519c\u4e1a\u00b7\u519c\u6751\u57fa\u672c\u8ba1\u5212\u300b\u3001\u201c\u8de8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u8425\u5b89\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5747\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u7b49\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5927\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u517c\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u5316\u7ecf\u8425\u519c\u6237\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u903c\u8feb\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u8425\u519c\u6237\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u517c\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u79bb\u6751\u79bb\u519c\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u643a\u5730\u52a0\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53d6\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2461\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u653e\u5f00<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u300a\u519c\u4fc3\u6cd5\u300b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u519c\u534f\u6cd5\u300b\u9646\u7eed\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002\u4e24\u90e8\u65b0\u6cd5\u653e\u5bbd\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u51c6\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u65e7\u9650\u5236\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u7c7b\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u4ee5\u53c2\u80a1\u5f62\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u80a1\u4efd\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u5141\u8bb8\u3002[23-24]2003\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u8015\u5730\u6482\u8352\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u6784\u9020\u6539\u9769\u7279\u522b\u533a\u57df\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u4fc3\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u53ef\u5728\u6482\u8352\u5730\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u6482\u8352\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d41\u8f6c\u3002[25]2009\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u516c\u53f8\u5236\u6cd5\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u57df\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\u98df\u54c1\u52a0\u5de5\u7c7b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7b49\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u52a0\u5feb\u8fdb\u5165\u519c\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff092013\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u519c\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u6cd5\u300b\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e2d\u95f4\u673a\u6784\u52a9\u63a8\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d<\/p>\n

2013\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u590d\u5174\u6218\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e7480\uff05\u7684\u519c\u5730\u5c06\u7531\u7cbe\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u5f7c\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u519c\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u5c1a\u4e0d\u8db3\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5feb\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u519c\u5730\u79df\u8d41\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u5f80\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u66f4\u52a0\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u529b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002[26]\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e8e2013\u5e74\u5e95\u51fa\u53f0\u300a\u519c\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u6761\u6b3e\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u9053\u5e9c\u53bf\u5c42\u9762\u6210\u7acb\u519c\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\u672c\u90fd\u9053\u5e9c\u53bf\u7684\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e8b\u5b9c[27]\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5bf9\u62df\u6d41\u8f6c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u519c\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u519c\u5730\u79df\u51fa\u65b9\u6536\u50a8\u571f\u5730\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u6682\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u519c\u5730\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u8be5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u519c\u5730\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u5bfb\u627e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u627f\u79df\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u8f6c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d41\u8f6c\u671f\u9650\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u5230\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u673a\u5236\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u6d41\u8f6c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c[\u2463]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d41\u8f6c\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u548c\u8f6c\u51fa\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u8865\u8d34\u6570\u989d\u5c06\u548c\u6d41\u8f6c\u9762\u79ef\u6302\u94a9\u3002[28]<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc71961\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c 1960\u5e74\u81f31970\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5411\u975e\u519c\u9886\u57df\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b9e\u884c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5730\u4ef7\u4e0a\u6da8\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\uff0c\u519c\u5730\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u519c\u6237\u7531\u4e13\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u517c\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u4e86\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6380\u8d77\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u5efa\u8bbe\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u4ef7\u683c\u66b4\u6da8\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u518d\u65e0\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u519c\u5730\u8f6c\u7528\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u571f\u5730\u603b\u89c4\u6a21\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u76f4\u5448\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u30021970\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u519c\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u5e76\u5f00\u8f9f\u79df\u8d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u519c\u5730\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u63a8\u8fdb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u673a\u9047\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c1980\u5e74\u653e\u5f00\u5bf9\u79df\u8d41\u5408\u540c\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c1992\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u8ba4\u5b9a\u519c\u4e1a\u8005\u5236\u5ea6\u548c2005\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u8de8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b89\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u89c4\u6a21\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8f83\u5feb\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u517c\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u5728\u5c06\u81ea\u5bb6\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u79bb\u519c\u5c31\u4e1a\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57282005\u5e74\u8de8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b89\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7b56\u51fa\u53f0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u517c\u4e1a\u519c\u6237\u79bb\u519c\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6237\u5747\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u589e\u957f\u5e45\u5ea6\u540c\u6b65\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2015\u5e74\u8fbe\u52304.7\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u6237\u5747\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u519c\u6237\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u81ea\u7acb\u201d[\u2464]\u3002<\/p>\n

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