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\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5185\u6bcf\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u5973\u8001\u5c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5e76\u52a8\u5458\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u6c11\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u6570\u91cf\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u5f97\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u4e00\u5411\u90fd\u9020\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4f24\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u4e3b\u5bb0\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ea4\u6218\u56fd\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u6709\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\u65b9\u624d\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u9884\u793a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f0f\u53ef\u6015\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u524d\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5373\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u60e8\u70c8\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u8fd8\u8981\u7b97\u4e3a\u65f64\u5e74\u7684\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\uff081861\u5e74-1865\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7537\u5b50\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6218\u4e89\u6b7b\u4ea1\u603b\u6570\u8fd8\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8d8a\u6218\u3002\u4f46\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5f80\u5f80\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u56db\u5904\u5f81\u4f10\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u7b80\u00b7\u5965\u65af\u6c40\uff08Jane Austen\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5750\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5199\u5979\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u731c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u70fd\u706b\u8fde\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5979\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u55c5\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e1d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5965\u65af\u6c40\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6218\u4e8b\u3002\u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u5728\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u66fe\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b14\u6cd5\u63cf\u519920\u4e16\u7eaa\u6218\u706b\u4e0b\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u8bf420\u4e16\u7eaa\u603b\u4f53\u6218\uff08total war\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u602a\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6210\u5e9e\u7136\u5927\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ece1914\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u6218\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u4fbf\u5df2\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7edd\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c31\u5df2\u52a8\u5458\u4e8612\uff0e5\uff05\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u5165\u4f0d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a8\u5458\u4e8615\uff0e4\uff05\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u52a8\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u51e0\u4e4e\u8fbe17\uff05\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u4ece\u4e8b\u519b\u4e8b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u7ea6\u4e3a20\uff05\u5de6\u53f3\uff08Milward\uff0c1979\uff0cP\uff0e216\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u957f\u671f\u603b\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u5f97\u9760\u4e24\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\uff1a\u4e00\u9760\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e8c\u9760\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u975e\u6218\u6597\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91cc\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5076\u5c14\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7684\u5f81\u7528\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u4f17\u591a\u5175\u6e90\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6e29\u5e26\u6c14\u5019\u533a\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5230\u4e86\u519c\u5fd9\u65f6\u8282\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u6536\u83b7\u5b63\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u6c11\u90fd\u5f97\u51fa\u52a8\u5e2e\u52a9\u519c\u4e8b\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u632a\u7528\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6781\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u529b\u91cf\u56e0\u800c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5973\u5b50\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8d70\u51fa\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5973\u6027\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5c31\u4e1a\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u4e89\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u9ad8\uff0c\u5df2\u8fbe\u524d\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5fb7\u6587\u7528Materialschlacht\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u8d44\u6218\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb91914\uff0d1918\u5e74\u7684\u897f\u7ebf\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5f53\u5e74\u8fd0\u6c14\u597d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u8fd8\u80fd\u57281806\u5e74\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u4e0d\u8fc71500\u53d1\u7684\u5f39\u836f\uff0c\u6253\u57ae\u4e86\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u8036\u62ff\u4f1a\u6218\uff08Battle of Jena\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u7528\u751f\u4ea7\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u662f1\u4e07\u52301\uff0e2\u4e07\u53d1\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6bcf\u65e520\u4e07\u53d1\u4e4b\u6570\u3002\u8fde\u6c99\u4fc4\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u65e5\u4ea715\u4e07\u53d1\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708450\u4e07\u53d1\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u5982\u6b64\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u96be\u602a\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u9769\u65b0\u4e86\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u8d44\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u4e00\u5171\u8ba2\u5236\u4e865\uff0e19\u4ebf\u4f59\u53cc\u889c\u5b50\u548c2.19\u4ebf\u4f59\u6761\u88e4\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u5462\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u7e41\u6587\u7f1b\u8282\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\uff081943\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u9020\u4e86440\u4e07\u628a\u526a\u5200\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca620\u4e07\u4e2a\u5370\u76d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u519b\u4e8b\u5355\u4f4d\u76d6\u7ae0\u6240\u9700\uff08Milward\uff0c1979\uff0cP\uff0e68\uff09\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u914d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
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