1<\/p>\n
1908\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6148\u79a7(1835-1908)\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u75c5\u5371\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u793c\u4eea\u3001\u796d\u7940\u7b49\u4e8b\u5b9c\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u793c\u90e8\u5c1a\u4e66\u6ea5\u826f\u8ddf\u4e00\u5e72\u738b\u516c\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b88\u5019\u5728\u6148\u79a7\u4e0b\u69bb\u7684\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u4e50\u5bff\u5802\u5916\u51e0\u5929\u51e0\u591c\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6ea5\u826f\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u90fd\u60f6\u60f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ec8\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u7740\u5c4b\u91cc\u4e00\u54ed\uff0c\u5916\u8fb9\u597d\u4e3e\u54c0\u53d1\u4e27\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u7a81\u7136\uff0c\u4e50\u5bff\u5802\u91cc\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u592a\u76d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u624b\u91cc\u7aef\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d6\u7897\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u6ea5\u826f\u6025\u5fd9\u62e6\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u592a\u76d1\uff0c\u8d23\u95ee\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u542c\u592a\u76d1\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u8001\u4f5b\u7237\u8d4f\u7ed9\u4e07\u5c81\u7237(\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d)\u7684\u584c\u62c9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u584c\u62c9\uff0c\u662f\u6ee1\u8bed\u9178\u5976\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5149\u7eea<\/p>\n
\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u75c5\u5371\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u8fd8\u60e6\u8bb0\u7740\u90a3\u4e2a\u5979\u6068\u4e4b\u5165\u9aa8\u3001\u4e00\u5ea6\u60f3\u5e9f\u6389\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d?\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u9001\u4ed6\u4e00\u7897\u9178\u5976\u559d?\u6ea5\u826f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d\u963b\u62e6\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4e50\u5bff\u5802\u5916\u7b49\u5019\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u4e34\u7ec8\u5631\u5490\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ea5\u826f\u6b63\u5728\u7591\u60d1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6ca1\u8fc7\u591a\u4e45\uff0c1908\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u665a\u95f46\u65f630\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4f20\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u9707\u60ca\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u51e0\u5929\u8eab\u4f53\u5eb7\u5065\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7a81\u7136\u201c\u9a7e\u5d29\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ea5\u826f\u5fc3\u4e2d\u9707\u9a87\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u4e50\u5bff\u5802\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u542c\u5230\u5149\u7eea(1871-1908)\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6b7b\u6389\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u786c\u6491\u7740\u7684\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u624d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f1908\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\u672a\u65f6(\u4e0b\u53481\u65f6\u81f33\u65f6)\uff0c\u54bd\u4e0b\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5149\u7eea\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523020\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u77ed\u77ed24\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u6148\u79a7\u5148\u540e\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e05\u5bab\u6700\u9ad8\u79d8\u95fb\uff0c\u6ea5\u826f\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u5b50\u5b59\u4eec\u53e3\u6388\u76f8\u4f20\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6ea5\u826f\u7684\u66fe\u5b59\u3001\u5f53\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u4e66\u6cd5\u5bb6\u542f\u529f\u5728\u300a\u542f\u529f\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u6ea5\u826f\u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u53e3\u6388\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7897\u6bd2\u836f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
2<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u4e4b\u6b7b\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u751f\u524d\u751f\u6d3b\u8d77\u5c45\u7684\u300a\u6e05\u5fb7\u5b97\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5728\u4e34\u6b7b\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7687\u5e1d\u5b9e\u5f55\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u76f4\u5230\u4e34\u6b7b\u524d\u4e24\u5929\uff0c\u90fd\u8eab\u4f53\u5eb7\u5065\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e34\u6b7b\u524d\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u624d\u7a81\u7136\u5728\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u201c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u8c6b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1?<\/p>\n
2008\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5149\u7eea\u548c\u6148\u79a7\u6b7b\u4ea1100\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6234\u9038\u4e0e13\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u9886\u8854\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6e05\u53f2\u7f16\u64b0\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u8058\u8bf7\u6e05\u897f\u9675\u6587\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6cd5\u533b\u68c0\u9a8c\u9274\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u5bf9\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u9057\u9ab8\u8fdb\u884c\u5c38\u68c0\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7cfb\u4e09\u6c27\u5316\u4e8c\u7837\uff0c\u5373\u7812\u971c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u6765\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5c38\u68c0\u62a5\u544a\u7ed3\u8bba\u201c\u7812\u971c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5c38\u68c0\u62a5\u544a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7684\u9057\u9aa8\u3001\u5934\u53d1\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5165\u6b93\u8863\u7269\u4e2d\u68c0\u9a8c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7837(\u7812\u971c)\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u662f\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7684\u201c\u542b\u6bd2\u5c38\u4f53\u8150\u8d25\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u4fb5\u8680\u9057\u7559\u6240\u81f4\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u6cd5\u533b\u68c0\u9a8c\u9274\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u201c\u7812\u971c\u4e2d\u6bd2\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6148\u79a7<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5669\u8fd0\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u9187\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8b5e(1840-1891)\u6216\u8bb8\u65e9\u6709\u9884\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
1875\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u9a7e\u5d29\u540e\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5ba3\u5e03\u9009\u4e2d\u7687\u5ba4\u65c1\u652f\u3001\u5f53\u65f6\u5b9e\u9645\u5e74\u9f84\u53ea\u67093\u5c81\u534a\u7684\u7231\u65b0\u89c9\u7f57\u00b7\u8f7d\u6e49(\u5149\u7eea)\u7ee7\u627f\u5927\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u738b\u516c\u5927\u81e3\u4eec\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8f7d\u6e49\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u9187\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8b5e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u559c\u51fa\u671b\u5916\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5374\u201c\u78b0\u5934\u75db\u54ed\uff0c\u660f\u8ff7\u4f0f\u5730\uff0c\u6396\u4e4b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d77\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e2d\u201c\u8eab\u6218\u5fc3\u6447\uff0c\u5982\u75f4\u5982\u68a6\u201d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u544a\u8beb\u5b50\u5b59\u201c\u6ee1\u62db\u635f\u3001\u9a84\u62db\u7978\u201d\u7684\u5955\u8b5e\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u7978\u798f\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6148\u79a7\u731c\u5fcc\uff0c\u5955\u8b5e\u5411\u6148\u79a7\u6073\u8bf7\u514d\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u5acc\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u594f\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u594f\u6298\u4e2d\uff0c\u5955\u8b5e\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u60df\u6709\u54c0\u6073\u77dc\u5168\uff0c\u8bb8\u4e5e\u9ab8\u9aa8\uff0c\u4e3a\u5929\u5730\u5bb9\u4e00\u865a\u7cdc\u7235\u4f4d\u4e4b\u4eba\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u7559\u4e00\u5eb8\u949d\u65e0\u624d\u4e4b\u5b50\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5955\u8b5e\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u806a\u660e\u4eba\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4efb\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fd7\u5728\u201c\u5782\u5e18\u542c\u653f\u201d\u63a7\u5236\u671d\u653f\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7978\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c42\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u5955\u8b5e\u5f88\u8bc6\u76f8\u5730\u8ddf\u6148\u79a7\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u8f9e\u804c\u56de\u5bb6\u517b\u8001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u662f\u5955\u8b5e\u80fd\u81ea\u4fdd\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u88ab\u547d\u8fd0\u51a5\u51a5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8f7d\u6e49\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e0e\u7687\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u539f\u672c\u79bb\u5f97\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5955\u8b5e\uff0c\u662f\u9053\u5149\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5ae1\u957f\u5b50;\u800c\u5955\u8b5e\u672c\u4eba\u53c8\u751f\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5149\u7eea(\u8f7d\u6e49)\u6392\u884c\u8001\u4e8c\u3002\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7687\u65cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u7687\u4f4d\u662f\u8f6e\u4e0d\u5230\u5149\u7eea\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u504f\u504f\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u751f\u6bcd\u662f\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u4eb2\u59b9\u59b9\u53f6\u8d6b\u90a3\u62c9\u6c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u662f\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u4eb2\u5916\u7525\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5955\u8b5e<\/p>\n
1875\u5e74\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u72ec\u5b50\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u56e0\u4e3a\u5929\u82b1\u53d1\u4f5c\u81f4\u6b7b(\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u662f\u6885\u6bd2\u81f4\u6b7b)\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u54b8\u4e30\u7687\u5e1d\u819d\u4e0b\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u6cbb\u5e1d\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u4e5f\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5ae1\u957f\u5236\u4f20\u627f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u72ec\u63fd\u5927\u6743\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u7687\u6743\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u80a5\u6c34\u4e0d\u6d41\u5916\u4eba\u7530\uff0c\u6276\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u5916\u7525\u8f7d\u6e49\u4e0a\u6765\u5f53\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u5927\u54d7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u4ece\u9053\u5149\u2014\u54b8\u4e30\u2014\u540c\u6cbb\u4e00\u7cfb\u7684\u5e1d\u5236\u4f20\u627f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f7d\u6e49(\u5149\u7eea)\u53ea\u662f\u7687\u65cf\u65c1\u7cfb\u5b50\u5b59\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u72ec\u88c1\u4e13\u65ad\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u503e\u529b\u6276\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
1875\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e74\u9f84\u53ea\u67093\u5c81\u534a\u7684\u8f7d\u6e49\u88ab\u4ece\u7761\u68a6\u4e2d\u53eb\u9192\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u795e\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e5d\u4e94\u81f3\u5c0a\uff0c\u8f7d\u6e49\u8d77\u521d\u62fc\u547d\u54ed\u558a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4ece\u9187\u4eb2\u738b\u5e9c\u8fdb\u5165\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u54ed\u5f97\u7d2f\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed9\u7761\u7740\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u88ab\u63a5\u5165\u517b\u5fc3\u6bbf\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63ed\u5f00\u8f7f\u5e18\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c3\u5c81\u534a\u7684\u5c0f\u8f7d\u6e49\u5728\u201c\u8206\u4e2d\u72b9\u9163\u7761\u77e3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u79bb\u5f00\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u642c\u5165\u964c\u751f\u7684\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u73af\u7ed5\u5728\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9762\u5bb9\u5446\u677f\u7684\u8001\u592a\u76d1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6148\u79a7\u5bf9\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u52a8\u8f84\u5389\u58f0\u8bad\u65a5\u548c\u201c\u7f5a\u4ee4\u957f\u8dea\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u5149\u7eea\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5351\u3001\u61e6\u5f31\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u8bad\u65a5\u548c\u7f5a\u8dea\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u53e3\u5403\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66fe\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u82f1\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u5fb7\u9f84\u5728\u300a\u6e05\u5bab\u4e8c\u5e74\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u201c\u4e00\u81f3\u592a\u540e(\u6148\u79a7)\u524d\uff0c\u5219\u7acb\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u82e5\u751a\u60e7\u5176\u5c06\u6b7b\u8005\u7136\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4f3c\u751a\u611a\u8499\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6148\u79a7\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u7981\u6b62\u5149\u7eea\u8ddf\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u201c\u5631\u5490\u90a3\u4e00\u73ed\u670d\u4f8d\u4ed6(\u5149\u7eea)\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u50cf\u704c\u8f93\u4ec0\u4e48\u519b\u4e8b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5929\u5929\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u9187\u4eb2\u738b\u798f\u664b\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u6c38\u8fdc\u627f\u8ba4\u592a\u540e(\u6148\u79a7)\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u9664\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5916\uff0c\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u65c1\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u88ab\u8feb\u517b\u5728\u6df1\u5bab\u3001\u6c38\u8fdc\u5931\u53bb\u7236\u6bcd\u5173\u7231\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u957f\u5927\u7684\u8001\u592a\u76d1\u5bc7\u8fde\u6750\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56db\u767e\u5146\u4eba\u4e2d\u5883\u9047\u6700\u82e6\u8005\uff0c\u83ab\u5982\u6211\u7687\u4e0a(\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d)\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdb\u5bab\u540e\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6210\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7adf\u7136\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u3001\u5403\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u300a\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u8d44\u6599\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u6bcf\u65e5\u7684\u996d\u83dc\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u505a\u597d\uff0c\u7b49\u5230\u5403\u996d\u65f6\uff0c\u996d\u83dc\u65e9\u5df2\u5e72\u51b7\u53d8\u5473\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u60f3\u8981\u53eb\u4eba\u505a\u4e2a\u70ed\u83dc\uff0c\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u897f\u540e(\u6148\u79a7)\u6279\u51c6\u624d\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u901a\u60c5\u7406\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u5bf9\u6b64\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bad\u65a5\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u83dc\u5403\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u8fd8\u8981\u52a0\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u7684\u5c0f\u7687\u5e1d\u5149\u7eea\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u5077\u5077\u8dd1\u5230\u592a\u76d1\u623f\u95f4\u53bb\u627e\u5403\u7684\uff0c\u4fe1\u4fee\u660e\u5728\u300a\u8001\u592a\u76d1\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u201c\u5341\u5c81\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u81f3\u592a\u76d1\u623f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u7ffb\u5403\u98df\uff0c\u62ff\u8d77\u5c31\u8dd1\u3002\u53ca\u81f3\u592a\u76d1\u8ffd\u4e0a\uff0c\u8dea\u5730\u54c0\u6c42\uff0c\u5c0f\u7687\u5e1d\u4e4b\u998d\u998d\uff0c\u5df2\u5165\u809a\u4e00\u534a\u77e3\u3002\u5c0f\u7687\u5e1d\u5982\u6b64\u9965\u997f\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u7956\u6cd5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u771f\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e5f\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u62c5\u4efb\u62a4\u536b\u7684\u82cf\u52cb\u4e1e\u5c31\u5728\u300a\u6211\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u548c\u5149\u7eea\u300b\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5149\u7eea\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u90a3\u65f6\u7ea630\u591a\u5c81\uff0c\u4e2d\u7b49\u8eab\u6750\uff0c\u7626\u957f\u8138\uff0c\u9762\u8272\u82cd\u767d\uff0c\u4f53\u8d28\u7fb8\u5f31\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u4ed6\u7b11\u8fc7\u3002\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fc7\u7684\u662f\u56da\u72af\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u4e50\u8d77\u6765\u5440!\u6148\u79a7\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e09\u5bb4\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bb4108\u6837\u83dc\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6392\u573a\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u6bcf\u9910\u62e3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5403\u7684\u4e09\u56db\u6837\u83dc\uff0c\u547d\u4eba\u7ed9\u5149\u7eea\u9001\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u6148\u7231\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e09\u56db\u6837\u83dc\u8981\u5206\u4e09\u56db\u6b21\u2018\u8d4f\u2019\uff0c\u6bcf\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u90fd\u5f97\u8d77\u7acb\u53e9\u5934\u8c22\u6069\uff0c\u8fde\u4e00\u987f\u5b89\u751f\u996d\u4e5f\u5403\u4e0d\u6210\u3002\u9686\u88d5(\u7687\u540e)\u662f\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u4eb2\u4f84\u5973\uff0c\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u7740\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u684c\u5b50\u5403\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u65f6\u90fd\u79c1\u4e0b\u731c\u7591\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7626\u5f31\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u5dee\u4e86\u70b9\u996d\u98df\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f19\u98df\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u60f3\u589e\u6dfb\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u996d\u83dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u86ee\u6a2a\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5149\u7eea\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u63d0\u8d77\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ec8\u5149\u7eea\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u201c\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u3001\u5403\u4e0d\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u56da\u5f92\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5199\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6bcd\u7231\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6000\u7167\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u513f\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u5fe7\u90c1\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u54b8\u4e30\u671d\u72b6\u5143\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2(1830-1904)\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5149\u7eea\u8eab\u8fb9\u6700\u4e3a\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8001\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ed7\u7740\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u6b3a\u8d1f\u5c0f\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5149\u7eea\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u5403\u4e0d\u9971\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u5149\u7eea\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u8840\u7cd6\u592a\u4f4e\u3001\u4f53\u529b\u4e0d\u652f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u603b\u662f\u51fa\u9762\u4e0e\u5201\u86ee\u7684\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u53cd\u590d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u6491\u8170\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u9010\u6e10\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u5f62\u5982\u7236\u4eb2\u822c\u7684\u4f9d\u604b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5149\u7eea\u4e09\u5e74\u4e03\u6708(1877\u5e748\u6708)\uff0c\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u8bf7\u5047\u56de\u4e61\u5904\u7406\u5bb6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u56de\u5230\u5bab\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c6\u5c81\u7684\u5c0f\u7687\u5e1d\u5149\u7eea\u6d41\u7740\u773c\u6cea\uff0c\u62c9\u774047\u5c81\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u7684\u624b\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u543e\u601d\u6c5d\u4e45\u77e3!\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u72b6\u5143\u5e1d\u5e08\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u6027\u683c\u81ea\u5351\u5185\u5411\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5f00\u59cb\u52e4\u5b66\u82e6\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fde\u6148\u79a7\u90fd\u611f\u6168\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c(\u7687\u5e1d)\u5b9e\u5728\u597d\u5b66\uff0c\u5750\u3001\u7acb\u3001\u5367\u7686\u8bf5\u4e66\u53ca\u8bd7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u6ee1\u6e05\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u52bf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0a\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u5148\u6709\u7231\u6c11\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u6709\u5fe7\u6c11\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u7231\u4e4b\u6df1\uff0c\u6545\u5fe7\u4e4b\u5207\u3002\u5fe7\u4e4b\u5207\uff0c\u6545\u4e00\u6c11\u9965\uff0c\u66f0\u6211\u9965\u4e4b;\u4e00\u6c11\u5bd2\uff0c\u66f0\u6211\u5bd2\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5149\u7eea\u4e03\u5e74(1881)\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e0e\u6148\u79a7\u4e00\u8d77\u5782\u5e18\u542c\u653f\u7684\u6148\u5b89\u7687\u592a\u540e\u7a81\u7136\u79bb\u5947\u66b4\u6bd9\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u66f4\u52a0\u5927\u6743\u72ec\u63fd\uff0c\u773c\u770b\u5149\u7eea\u65e5\u6e10\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e09\u5e74(1887)\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5047\u88c5\u5728\u592a\u548c\u6bbf\u4e3e\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5149\u7eea\u5f00\u59cb\u4eb2\u653f\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u4ecd\u7531\u6148\u79a7\u72ec\u81ea\u628a\u63fd\u5927\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5e1d\u515a\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u515a\u201d\u4e24\u80a1\u653f\u6cbb\u52bf\u529b\uff1a\u201c\u5e1d\u515a\u201d\u4ee5\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u517c\u5e1d\u5e08\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u3001\u6587\u5ef7\u5f0f\u3001\u5f20\u8b07\u7b49\u4eba;\u201c\u540e\u515a\u201d\u5219\u4ee5\u6148\u79a7\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u6709\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u5175\u90e8\u5c1a\u4e66\u517c\u6b65\u519b\u7edf\u9886\u8363\u7984\uff0c\u519b\u673a\u5927\u81e3\u5b59\u6bd3\u6c76\u3001\u5f90\u7528\u4eea\u7b49\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u515a\u201d\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6148\u79a7\u6491\u8170\u4e0b\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u6267\u638c\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5927\u6743\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u201c\u5e1d\u515a\u201d\u6210\u5458\u663e\u5f97\u5f62\u5355\u5f71\u53ea\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5371\u4ea1\u548c\u671d\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5e1d\u515a\u6210\u5458\u5927\u591a\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
1894\u5e74\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u7206\u53d1\u4e1c\u5b66\u515a\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u968f\u540e\u51fa\u5175\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u201c\u4fdd\u671d\u9c9c\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u5927\u6e05\u201d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5149\u7eea\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u5e1d\u515a\u529b\u4e3b\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u51b3\u4e00\u6b7b\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u515a\u6210\u5458\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u519b\u8d39\u62ff\u6765\u5e86\u795d\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u7684\u516d\u5341\u5927\u5bff\uff0c\u5e76\u65a5\u8d23\u5e1d\u515a\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u8981\u574f\u4e86\u7687\u592a\u540e\u7684\u201c\u597d\u4e8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u519b\u673a\u5927\u81e3\u5b59\u6bd3\u6c76\u4ed7\u7740\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u6491\u8170\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u65a5\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u8bf4\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u559c\u6b22\u6311\u8845\u591a\u4e8b(\u539f\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u7687\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5c11\u5e74\u559c\u4e8b\u8005\u201d)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u843d\u8d25\u540e\uff0c1895\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c11\u70b9\u4e8b\u7aef\u3001\u5b89\u5ea6\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u903c\u8feb\u5149\u7eea\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e27\u6743\u8fb1\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u88ab\u8feb\u5272\u8ba9\u53f0\u6e7e\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u8d54\u507f\u519b\u8d392\u4ebf\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5371\u4ea1\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5728\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u7b49\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a8\u884c\u7ef4\u65b0\u53d8\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9762\u5bf9\u767e\u822c\u963b\u6320\u7684\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u751a\u81f3\u901a\u8fc7\u5e86\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u52bb\u5411\u6148\u79a7\u793a\u610f\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u592a\u540e\u82e5\u4ecd\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4ee5\u4e8b\u6743\uff0c\u6211\u613f\u9000\u8ba9\u6b64\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7518\u4f5c\u4ea1\u56fd\u4e4b\u541b!\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u201c\u8c0b\u53d8\u201d\uff0c1898\u5e749\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u52a8\u620a\u620c\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u4ee4\u65a9\u6740\u8c2d\u55e3\u540c\u3001\u6797\u65ed\u3001\u5218\u5149\u7b2c\u3001\u6768\u9510\u3001\u6768\u6df1\u79c0\u3001\u5eb7\u5e7f\u4ec1\u7b49\u201c\u620a\u620c\u516d\u541b\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u7f62\u514d\u4e86\u7ef4\u65b0\u6d3e\u5b98\u5458\u9648\u5b9d\u7bb4\u3001\u6c5f\u6807\u3001\u9ec4\u9075\u5baa\u7b49\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5b66\u5802\u5916\uff0c\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u65b0\u653f\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u620a\u620c\u653f\u53d8\u5f53\u665a\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u7740\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\u9a82\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u75f4\u513f\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u65e0\u6211\uff0c\u660e\u65e5\u5b89\u6709\u6c5d\u4e4e?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u88ab\u8f6e\u6d41\u5e7d\u7981\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u701b\u53f0\u6216\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u7389\u6f9c\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
\u620a\u620c\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6148\u79a7\u4e0e\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u201c\u6bcd\u5b50\u60c5\u8c0a\u201d\u51e0\u8fd1\u51b3\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u770b\u5230\u5149\u7eea\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u542c\u4f7f\u5524\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u4e8e\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u56fe\u8c0b\u5e9f\u6389\u5149\u7eea\u3001\u53e6\u7acb\u65b0\u5e1d\u3002\u620a\u620c\u653f\u53d8\u540e\u4e24\u5929\uff0c1898\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u968f\u5373\u547d\u4ee4\u5fa1\u533b\u201c\u634f\u9020\u8109\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u653e\u98ce\u8bf4\u201c\u7687\u4e0a\u75c5\u52bf\u6c89\u91cd\uff0c\u6050\u81f4\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002\u201d\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u53c8\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u5e1d(\u5149\u7eea)\u4e45\u75c5\u4e0d\u80fd\u541b\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5bc6\u7535\u5357\u65b9\u5404\u7701\u7684\u603b\u7763\u5de1\u629a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u5e9f\u6389\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e24\u6c5f\u603b\u7763\u5218\u5764\u4e00\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5b9e\u529b\u6d3e\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u516c\u5f00\u590d\u7535\u6148\u79a7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u81e3\u4e4b\u5206\u5df2\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u4e4b\u53e3\u5b9c\u9632\u3002\u201d\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u201c\u5e9f\u5e1d\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u5219\u9f13\u52a8\u4fdd\u7687\u515a\u534e\u4fa8\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u81f4\u7535\u56fd\u5185\u201c\u8bf7\u7687\u5e1d\u5723\u5b89\u201d\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u9a7b\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u4f7f\u8282\uff0c\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u544a\u8beb\u6ee1\u6e05\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u6148\u79a7\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5371\u5bb3\u5149\u7eea\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u540e\u6682\u65f6\u9003\u8fc7\u4e00\u52ab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e9f\u6389\u5149\u7eea\uff0c1899\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u515a\u4eb2\u4fe1\u8363\u7984\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0b\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u819d\u4e0b\u65e0\u5b50\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u7acb\u7687\u592a\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u7acb\u7aef\u738b\u8f7d\u6f2a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u6ea5\u5101\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u963f\u54e5\u201d(\u7687\u50a8)\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u53731900\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u521d\u4e00(1\u670831\u65e5)\u4e3e\u884c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u8ba9\u4f4d\u5178\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u5e9f\u5e1d\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u5217\u5f3a\u7adf\u7136\u7fa4\u8d77\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u5e9f\u5e1d\u590d\u65e7\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6e05\u671d\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u5217\u5f3a\u4ecd\u7136\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6148\u79a7\u5bf9\u5916\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u201c\u5e9f\u5e1d\u201d\u548c\u65b0\u5e1d\u767b\u57fa\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u5217\u5f3a\u4e00\u81f4\u62b5\u5236\u53cd\u5bf9;<\/p>\n
\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5404\u754c\u4ee5\u7ec5\u5546\u7ecf\u5143\u5584\u4e3a\u9996\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u8054\u5408\u4e861231\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u4e0a\u4e66\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u7ef4\u65b0\u6d3e\u8521\u5143\u57f9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u4fdd\u7687\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53f7\u79f0\u8054\u5408\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u534e\u4fa8\u53d1\u6765\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u201c\u5e9f\u5e1d\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u534e\u5217\u5f3a\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u8d8a\u662f\u62e5\u62a4\u5149\u7eea\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5c31\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u5149\u7eea\u662f\u4e2a\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6070\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u52bf\u529b\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u4e00\u5e26\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u84ec\u52c3\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u513f\u5b50\u3001\u201c\u5927\u963f\u54e5\u201d\u6ea5\u5101\u906d\u9047\u6d0b\u4eba\u963b\u6320\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u4f4d\u767b\u57fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u6d0b\u4eba\u6068\u4e4b\u5165\u9aa8\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u5ba0\u81e3\u3001\u7aef\u738b\u8f7d\u6f2a\u7b49\u4eba\u7eb7\u7eb7\u529d\u8bf4\u6148\u79a7\uff0c\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u501f\u52a9\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u201c\u5200\u67aa\u4e0d\u5165\u201d\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5175\u5929\u5c06\u201d\u4eec\uff0c\u6765\u5c06\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6d0b\u9b3c\u5b50\u4eec\u8d76\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u64ba\u6387\u6148\u79a7\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e0e\u6d0b\u4eba\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u7aef\u738b\u8f7d\u6f2a\u8fd8\u8ba9\u4eba\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u865a\u5047\u7684\u6d0b\u4eba\u7167\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6307\u660e\u4e00\u5730\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5c45\u4f4f;\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ee3\u6536\u5404\u7701\u94b1\u7cae;\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4ee3\u638c\u5929\u4e0b\u5175\u6743;\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u52d2\u4ee4\u7687\u592a\u540e\u5f52\u653f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u542c\u5230\u201c\u52d2\u4ee4\u7687\u592a\u540e\u5f52\u653f\u201d\u7684\u5047\u6761\u6b3e\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u89c6\u6743\u529b\u5982\u6027\u547d\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u6700\u7ec8\u52c3\u7136\u5927\u6012\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e0e\u6d0b\u4eba\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u8fd8\u201c\u4e49\u6b63\u8f9e\u4e25\u201d\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u6d0b\u4eba\u5df2\u51b3\u8ba1\u4e0e\u6211\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u660e\u77e5\u4f17\u5be1\u4e0d\u654c\uff0c\u4f46\u6218\u4ea6\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e0d\u6218\u4ea6\u4ea1\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u4ea1\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u592a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u5217\u7956\u5217\u5b97\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6148\u79a7\u5e76\u5f53\u573a\u6d3e\u51fa\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u5916\u56fd\u4f7f\u8282\u7684\u8bb8\u666f\u6f84\uff0c\u53bb\u5411\u5728\u534e\u5404\u56fd\u4f7f\u8282\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5080\u5121\u3001\u77e5\u9053\u5373\u5c06\u751f\u7075\u6d82\u70ad\u7684\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4ece\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\u8d70\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d70\u5230\u8bb8\u666f\u6f84\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u62c9\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd8\u6709\u56de\u65cb\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u5417?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u666f\u6f84\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9ed8\u9ed8\u6d41\u7740\u773c\u6cea\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6ee1\u7736\u7684\u6cea\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n
6<\/p>\n
1900\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5149\u7eea\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u5e03\u9488\u5bf9\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u5ba3\u6218\u8bcf\u4e66\u3002\u4f4610\u4e07\u6e05\u519b\u548c\u65e0\u6570\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\u5200\u67aa\u4e0d\u5165\u201d\u7684\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\uff0c\u57282\u4e07\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u8d25\u4e0b\u9635\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u653b\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u88f9\u631f\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u4ed3\u60f6\u897f\u9003\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u4e3a\u5149\u7eea\u9009\u5b9a\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u540e\u4e8c\u5983\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u540e\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7531\u6148\u79a7\u94a6\u5b9a\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u540e\u9686\u88d5\uff0c\u800c\u9686\u88d5\uff0c\u662f\u90fd\u7edf\u6842\u7965\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3001\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u4eb2\u4f84\u5973;\u201c\u4e8c\u5983\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u747e\u5983\u548c\u73cd\u5983\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u4e0e\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6148\u79a7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9686\u88d5\u7687\u540e\u5e76\u65e0\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u6bd4\u8f83\u559c\u6b22\u5e74\u8f7b\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u73cd\u5983\u3002\u957f\u671f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5149\u7eea\u5ba0\u5e78\u7684\u9686\u88d5\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u73cd\u5983\u7531\u5992\u751f\u6068\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u59d1\u6bcd\u6148\u79a7\u9762\u524d\u544a\u73cd\u5983\u7684\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e2e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f84\u5973\u6491\u8170\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5149\u7eea\u548c\u540e\u5bab\u201c\u6740\u9e21\u5106\u7334\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c06\u73cd\u5983\u5265\u53bb\u8863\u670d\u8fdb\u884c\u5ef7\u6756\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ee1\u6e05\u7687\u5983\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u95fb\u6240\u672a\u95fb\u7684\u5947\u803b\u5927\u8fb1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5149\u7eea\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5b64\u72ec\u3001\u5080\u5121\u822c\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e08\u5085\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u548c\u73cd\u5983\u662f\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u88ab\u514d\u804c\u8d2c\u65a5\u79bb\u4eac\uff0c\u73cd\u5983\u4e5f\u88ab\u6148\u79a7\u4e0b\u4ee4\u8f6f\u7981\u5728\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u5317\u4e09\u6240\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9662\u843d\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5149\u7eea\u8eab\u8fb9\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u592a\u76d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u88ab\u6148\u79a7\u4e0b\u4ee4\u201c\u6756\u6740\u201d\u6216\u662f\u6d41\u653e\uff0c1898\u5e74\u620a\u620c\u53d8\u6cd5\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u8fb9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u518d\u65e0\u4eb2\u8fd1\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\u6148\u79a7\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u5c31\u57281900\u5e74\u4ed3\u60f6\u79bb\u4eac\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u751a\u81f3\u4eb2\u81ea\u5e26\u4eba\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u592a\u76d1\u5c06\u73cd\u5983\u63a8\u5165\u4e95\u4e2d\u6eba\u6bd9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5f80\u4e8b\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u968f\u4f3a\u5bab\u5973\u8363\u513f\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u5bab\u5973\u8c08\u5f80\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u5d14\u7389\u8d35\u7b49\u4eba\u5949\u547d\u6740\u5bb3\u73cd\u5983\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u73cd\u5983\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u6b7b\u7684\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8001\u592a\u540e\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u6709\u7f6a\u6ca1\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u6b7b!<\/p>\n
\u73cd\u5983\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u8981\u89c1\u7687\u4e0a\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u7687\u4e0a\u6ca1\u8ba9\u6211\u6b7b!<\/p>\n
\u592a\u540e\u8bf4\uff1a\u7687\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6551\u4e0d\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u628a\u5979\u6254\u5230\u4e95\u91cc\u5934\u53bb\u3002\u6765\u4eba\u54ea!<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211(\u5d14\u7389\u8d35)\u548c\u738b\u5fb7\u73af\u4e00\u8d77\u8fde\u63ea\u5e26\u63a8\uff0c\u628a\u73cd\u5983\u63a8\u5230\u8d1e\u987a\u95e8\u5185\u7684\u4e95\u91cc\u3002\u73cd\u5983\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u56b7\u7740\u8981\u89c1\u7687\u4e0a!\u6700\u540e\u5927\u58f0\u558a\uff1a\u7687\u4e0a\uff0c\u6765\u4e16\u518d\u62a5\u6069\u5566!\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u7231\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u6089\u73cd\u5983\u4e3a\u6148\u79a7\u6240\u5bb3\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u6148\u79a7\u88f9\u631f\u897f\u9003\u7684\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e5f\u51e0\u8fd1\u5d29\u584c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u534f\u540c\u897f\u9003\u7684\u5bab\u5973\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u6653\u73cd\u5983\u6b7b\u8baf\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u773c\u795e\u5446\u6ede\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u5f62\u540c\u884c\u5c38\u8d70\u8089\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u9003\u4ed3\u4fc3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u62c5\u5fc3\u592a\u8fc7\u62db\u6447\u5f15\u6765\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u8ffd\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6148\u79a7\u53ea\u5e26\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u968f\u4ece\u51fa\u9003\uff0c\u9003\u4ea1\u5230\u534a\u8def\u65f6\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6307\u7740\u5149\u7eea\u9f3b\u5b50\u75db\u9a82\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u4e8f\u4e86\u5fe0\u5fc3\u803f\u803f\u7684\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u62a4\u536b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u6b21\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u52ab\u96be\u9003\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u8fd8\u8981\u5149\u7eea\u5411\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u201c\u884c\u793c\u201d\uff0c\u5bab\u5973\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5f62\u540c\u6b7b\u4eba\u3001\u773c\u795e\u7a7a\u6d1e\u201d\u7684\u5149\u7eea\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u771f\u7684\u5411\u592a\u76d1\u4eec\u4f5c\u63d6\u6253\u62f1\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u592a\u76d1\u674e\u83b2\u82f1\u5219\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u7740\u9119\u5937\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u8bed\u6c14\u5bf9\u5149\u7eea\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u674e\u83b2\u82f1\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u63a5\u547c\u53eb\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u201c\u8f7d\u6e49\u201d\uff0c\u79c1\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u674e\u83b2\u82f1\u751a\u81f3\u4ed7\u7740\u6148\u79a7\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8f7d\u6e49\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e2a\u5f62\u540c\u865a\u8bbe\u3001\u4e94\u8c37\u4e0d\u5206\u7684\u5446\u5b50\u800c\u5df2!\u201d<\/p>\n
7<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u906d\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u803b\u8fb1\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u7518\u5815\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e27\u6743\u8fb1\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u9003\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u540e\uff0c1901\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u88f9\u631f\u5149\u7eea\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u5217\u5f3a\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6307\u793a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u91cf\u4e2d\u534e\u4e4b\u7269\u529b\uff0c\u7ed3\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e4b\u6b22\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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