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\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e1a\u5df2\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u98ce\u66b4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u57281526\u5e74\u88ab\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u5ba4\uff1b\u5230\u4e861575\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u88ab\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\u20141576\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u7687\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u90fd\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u3002\u5230\u4e861609\u5e74\uff0c\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u88ab\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5949\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u81e3\u6c11\u6240\u8feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9881\u5e03\u201c\u5927\u8bcf\u4e66\u201d\uff08Letter of Majesty\uff09\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u7531\u4e00\u7fa4\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u634d\u536b\u8005\u201d\uff08Defenders\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u9053\u201c\u5723\u8c15\u201d\u7684\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u5230\u4e861611\u5e74\uff0c\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\u65af\u6240\u5e9f\u9edc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u5f53\u5e745\u6708\u88ab\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5965\u683c\u65af\u5821\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u8d70\u4e0a\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u516c\u7235\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5b89\u54c8\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u4eb2\u738b\u2014\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u5965\u683c\u65af\u5821\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u5e94\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u4e0e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u738b\u5ba4\u4e0d\u53ef\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63a5\u8fde\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u76f4\u52301607\u5e74\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u57ce\u5e02\u591a\u7459\u6c83\u7279\u2014\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6b21\u5e74\u5b89\u54c8\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u540c\u76df\u201d\uff08Evangelical Union\uff09\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u795e\u5723\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Holy Catholic League\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u8a00\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5df2\u6210\u5b9a\u5c40\u3002\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\u65af\u819d\u4e0b\u65e0\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u6765\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u7684\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u65af\u8482\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u5927\u516c\u2014\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5b59\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\u65af\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f1a\u60f9\u51fa\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u628a\u9009\u4e3e\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u76f4\u62d6\u5230\u4e861617\u5e74\u2014\u6b64\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u540c\u610f\u652f\u6301\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u540e\u8005\u767b\u57fa\u4e4b\u540e\u8981\u628a\u54c8\u5e03\u65af\u5821\u738b\u5ba4\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u8428\u65af\u7684\u91c7\u9091\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u738b\u5ba4\u3002\u5230\u4e866\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u2014\u5c06\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u63a8\u9009\u4e3a\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u3002\u4ee5\u56fe\u5c14\u6069\u4f2f\u7235\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u300212\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u7684\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u8fdd\u53cd\u201c\u5927\u8bcf\u4e66\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u4e3e\u884c\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u634d\u536b\u8005\u201d\u4eec\u7acb\u523b\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Diet\uff09\u30021618\u5e745\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u573a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u5435\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u6700\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u9a6c\u8482\u5c3c\u8328\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u74e6\u5854\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u6cd5\u5e03\u91cc\u4fee\u65af\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u8d6b\u62c9\u5fb7\u5361\u5c3c\u5bab\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u7ed9\u6254\u4e86\u51fa\u53bb\u2014\u6b64\u4e8b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u63b7\u51fa\u7a97\u5916\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff08Defenestration of Prague\uff09\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u4eba\u5c31\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u56fe\u5c14\u6069\u4f2f\u7235\u51fa\u9762\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\u3002\u5f53\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u4e0e\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u6b27\u6d32\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5927\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4f1a\u957f\u8fbe30\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

1619\u5e743\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\u65af\u7684\u9a7e\u5d29\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5357\u90e8\u8bf8\u90a6\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff08The Confederate States\uff09\u3001\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u3001\u5362\u8428\u8482\u4e9a\u3001\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6469\u62c9\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5ba3\u5e03\u5bf9\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57288\u670826\u65e5\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u2014\u5df4\u62c9\u4e01\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Electoral College\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c01\u6765\u7ee7\u627f\u9a6c\u63d0\u4e9a\u65af\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bae\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ec\u96c6\u56fd\u4f1a\u3001\u5f81\u7a0e\u3001\u7ed3\u76df\u6216\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u57281356\u5e74\u9075\u7167\u201c\u91d1\u73ba\u8bcf\u4e66\u201d\uff08Golden Bull\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u75313\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u548c4\u4e2a\u4e16\u4fd7\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56e0\u8328\u3001\u79d1\u9686\u548c\u7279\u91cc\u5c14\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5206\u522b\u662f\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u5df4\u62c9\u4e01\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u3001\u52c3\u5170\u767b\u5821\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u2014\u540e\u9762\u4e09\u4eba\u5747\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u6559\u6559\u5f92\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u8bf8\u4faf\u4eec\u5c31\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u6210\u4e3a\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u90a3\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\u7684\u8bf8\u4faf\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3002\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u4f1a\u8bae\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u7978\u6839\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u6559\u4f1a\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4eb2\u81ea\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u540d\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u4f7f\u6765\u505a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u7684\u5927\u4f7f\u5949\u547d\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u7968\u6295\u7ed9\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u516c\u7235\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u90fd\u9009\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5927\u4f7f\u4e5f\u5e94\u4ece\u4f17\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4fbf\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4e86\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u5176\u5c0a\u53f7\u4e3a\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e8c\u4e16\uff081619\u5e74\u81f31637\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fd9\u8fb9\u521a\u521a\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f20\u6765\u4e86\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u88ab\u5e9f\u9edc\u4e86\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6311\u8845\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u2014\u8fd9\u573a\u5371\u673a\u7acb\u523b\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u6ca1\u6709\u519b\u961f\u6765\u9a71\u9010\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u8f6c\u800c\u5411\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8bf8\u4faf\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u5e38\u5907\u519b\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u6c42\u63f4\u30021619\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u540c\u610f\u652f\u63f4\u6590\u8fea\u5357\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u51fb\u8d25\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4ee5\u5362\u8428\u8482\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5bf9\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6df1\u6076\u75db\u7edd\u7684\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4e54\u6cbb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u8153\u529b\u4e09\u4e16\uff081598\u5e74\u81f31621\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4e5f\u7acb\u523b\u7ed9\u4e86\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4e00\u7b14\u8db3\u591f\u5f81\u52df1\u4e07\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u5e76\u989d\u5916\u4ece\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u5730\u533a\u501f\u7ed9\u4ed68000\u591a\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u540c\u76df\u201d\u7684\u8bf8\u4faf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u7701\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u548c\u745e\u5178\u5747\u627f\u8ba4\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u5170\u897f\u74e6\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eb2\u738b\u62dc\u7279\u4f26\u2022\u52a0\u6ce2\u5c14\u4e5f\u548c\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u4eba\u7f14\u7ed3\u4e86\u8054\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n

1620\u5e747\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u3001\u8482\u5229\u548c\u5e03\u594e\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8054\u76df\u76842.5\u4e07\u540d\u7cbe\u9510\u58eb\u5175\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8fb9\u5883\uff1b\u65af\u76ae\u8bfa\u62c9\u4e5f\u73872.4\u4e07\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u4ece\u4f5b\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u5411\u5df4\u62c9\u4e01\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u53d1\u300211\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5728\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u767d\u5c71\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5b89\u54c8\u5c14\u7279\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u4eb2\u738b\u7387\u9886\u7684\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u4eba\u4ea4\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1b\u65af\u76ae\u8bfa\u62c9\u4e5f\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u5df4\u62c9\u4e01\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u629b\u7a97\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22<\/p>\n

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1621\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u4ee5\u5e1d\u56fd\u7981\u4ee4\u6765\u60e9\u6cbb\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u2014\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c65\u884c\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u57281623\u5e741\u6708\u53c8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u7684\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u65e0\u6cd5\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u53ec\u96c6\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5728\u96f7\u6839\u65af\u5821\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u4f53\u9009\u4e3e\u5927\u4f1a\u6765\u7f62\u514d\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u79d1\u9686\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\uff08\u6b64\u4eba\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\uff09\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8bf8\u4faf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u90fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u4e94\u4e16\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u7f62\u514d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u5c31\u63a5\u4efb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u98ce\u66b4\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\uff0c\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u548c\u52c3\u5170\u767b\u5821\u7684\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u4e5f\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u540c\u50da\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89<\/p>\n

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4\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u4e5f\u9886\u5175\u51fa\u5f81\u3002\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u5411\u66fc\u65af\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7\u53d1\u8d77\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fb7\u7ecd\u6865\u4e00\u6218\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u653b\u514b\u4e86\u6885\u514b\u4f26\u5821\u548c\u6ce2\u7f8e\u62c9\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e24\u5730\u5f81\u5175\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u90e8\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u5927\u7ea6\u516b\u4e07\u4eba\u4e3a\u6b62\u30028\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u56db\u4e16\u5728\u5362\u7279\u5c14\u88ab\u8482\u5229\u6240\u51fb\u6e83\uff0c\u5df4\u4f26\u5821\u548c\u5e03\u4f26\u745e\u514b\u4e5f\u5ba3\u544a\u5931\u5b88\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u6b63\u5728\u7a33\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6c49\u5821\u548c\u5415\u8d1d\u514b\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u7ed3\u76df\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u8fdb\u653b\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u677e\u5fb7\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8feb\u4f7f\u6c49\u8428\u540c\u76df\uff08Hanseatic League\uff09\u5c48\u670d\u30024\u6708\uff0c\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u7684\u526f\u5b98\u963f\u5c3c\u59c6\u7387\u9886\u4e00\u652f2.5\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u677e\u5fb7\u57ce\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u65e9\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u56db\u4e16\u4ee5\u53ca\u745e\u5178\u7684\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u2022\u963f\u9053\u592b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531900\u540d\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u3001400\u540d\u4e39\u9ea6\u4eba\u548c600\u540d\u745e\u5178\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5175\u56e2\u2014\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u670d\u5f79\u2014\u4e5f\u5728\u8292\u7f57\u7684\u7387\u9886\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u6d77\u8fd0\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u57ce\u3002\u57286\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u671f\u965020\u5e74\u7684\u540c\u76df\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u5f00\u59cb\u56f4\u653b\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u677e\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u77e5\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u548c\u4e00\u652f\u8fdc\u5f81\u90e8\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u5415\u6839\u5c9b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u57287\u670824\u65e5\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u56f4\u57ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u7387\u519b\u5728\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u677e\u5fb7\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u767b\u9646\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5165\u4fb5\u6885\u514b\u4f26\u5821\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6c83\u5c14\u52a0\u65af\u7279\u30028\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u7684\u622a\u6740\uff0c\u4e00\u8d25\u6d82\u5730\u30021629\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u8c08\u3002\u5230\u4e866\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f14\u7ed3\u4e86\u300a\u5415\u8d1d\u514b\u548c\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u90fd\u7275\u6d89\u5728\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u9ebe\u4e0b\u73b0\u5728\u670912.4\u4e07\u540d\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u5728\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u76ee\u4e4b\u6240\u53ca\u5df2\u518d\u65e0\u5f3a\u654c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4fbf\u968f\u610f\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u654c\u53cb\u90fd\u9971\u53d7\u5176\u6270\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u8428\u514b\u68ee\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4e54\u6cbb\u7684\u5141\u8bb8\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u5411\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0a\u4e66\u8bc9\u82e6\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u897f\u7c73\u5b89\u5bf9\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u800c\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5feb\u53d8\u6210\u534e\u4f26\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5080\u5121\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6590\u8fea\u5357\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u51b3\u5fc3\u5148\u501f\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u73b0\u5728\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u613f\u671b\u2014\u5f52\u8fd8\u81ea1555\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u4e0d\u5f53\u624b\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6536\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5730\u4ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u51b3\u5fc3\u7528\u5723\u8c15\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b83\u30021629\u5e743\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u65e0\u529b\u53cd\u6297\u7684\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u8fd8\u6555\u4ee4\u201d\uff08Edict of Restitution\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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