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\u4ece\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5148\u540e\u906d\u9047SARS\u3001\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u7b49\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4fb5\u88ad\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u970d\u4e71\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u5e94\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u6bdb\u5229\u971e\u7684\u8bba\u8457\u4ee519\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u51e0\u573a\u970d\u4e71\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u4e0e\u6cb3\u6d41\u6c61\u67d3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u505a\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u8d39\u660e\u71d5\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5bf91848\u20141849\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u505a\u4e86\u5173\u8054\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u9a86\u5e86\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5219\u5bf91832\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u970d\u4e71\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u505a\u4e86\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ec7\u632f\u6b66\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u970d\u4e71\u4e0e\u6c34\u6e90\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002 \u4e0e\u56fd\u5916\u5b66\u754c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u5c1a\u5b58\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u5229\u752819\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8bba\u8457\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf1832\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u85c9\u6b64\u63a8\u52a8\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\uff08cholera\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u65e9\u4e3a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5e0c\u6ce2\u514b\u62c9\u5e95\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08Hippocratic\uff09\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5185\u7531\u8840\u6db2\u3001\u9ecf\u6db2\u3001\u9ec4\u80c6\u3001\u9ed1\u80c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u970d\u4e71\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9ec4\u80c6\u8fc7\u5269\u3001\u6392\u51fa\u4f53\u5916\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u8c08\u53ca\u970d\u4e71\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u80a0\u80c3\u708e\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5455\u5410\u4e0e\u8179\u6cfb\uff0c\u591a\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u9ad8\u53d1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u75c7\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u51e0\u5929\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u5eb7\u590d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5047\u970d\u4e71\uff08cholera morbus\uff09\u6216\u672c\u5730\u970d\u4e71\uff08cholera nostras\uff09\u3002 \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5455\u5410\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5177\u6709\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u3001\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u666e\u901a\u8179\u6cfb\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u65f6\u4eba\u6839\u636e\u5176\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u3001\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u970d\u4e71\u201d\uff08Asiatic cholera\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6076\u6027\u970d\u4e71\u201d\uff08malignant cholera\uff09\u3001\u201c\u75c9\u631b\u6027\u970d\u4e71\u201d\uff08spasmodic cholera\uff09\u3001\u201c\u761f\u75ab\u6027\u970d\u4e71\u201d\uff08pestilential cholera\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u53eb\u6cd5\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u65f6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb\u6cd5\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u672f\u8bed\u5747\u7528\u6765\u6307\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u970d\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\u6700\u5148\u53d1\u6e90\u4e8e\u5357\u4e9a\u6b21\u5927\u9646\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d4\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u4ee5\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u90bb\u8fd1\u5730\u533a\u3002\u8fdb\u516519\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75ab\u75c5\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u91cd\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u201d\u30021817\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u66b4\u53d1\u70c8\u6027\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u548c\u8239\u53ea\u7684\u8fdb\u51fa\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5f88\u5feb\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u9a6c\u8fbe\u52a0\u65af\u52a0\u3001\u4e1c\u975e\u6d77\u5cb8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u3002\u57281823\u20141824\u5e74\u4e25\u51ac\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u4e0e\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5c71\u8109\u7684\u963b\u9694\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u6d88\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b27\u6d32\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u970d\u4e71\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u524d\u594f\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6b21\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u624d\u4f7f\u970d\u4e71\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u75ab\u75c5\u30021826\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u65b0\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u6cbf\u7740\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7ebf\u8def\u6298\u5411\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5357\u90e8\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6c99\u4fc4\u5bf9\u6ce2\u65af\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5f88\u5feb\u7531\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\u30021829\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u3001\u5965\u4f26\u5821\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u63a8\u8fdb\u30021830\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u6c99\u4fc4\u5927\u4f7f\u9ed1\u8328\u4f2f\u91cc\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Haytesbury\uff09\u5411\u56fd\u5185\u7d27\u6025\u901a\u62a5\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5fe7\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u707e\u96be\u964d\u4e34\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8c01\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e86\u3002\u201d \u679c\u7136\uff0c\u52301831\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u7b49\u591a\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f46\u6cfd\u53ca\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u4e0e\u5317\u6d77\u5404\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u5747\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u56fd\u65e9\u6709\u9632\u5907\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u5546\u8d38\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u66b4\u53d1\u5df2\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u9996\u5148\u906d\u5230\u970d\u4e71\u4fb5\u88ad\u30021831\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\uff08William Sproat\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u7ecf\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\u00b7\u51ef\u5c14\u3001\u5361\u5170\u5c3c\uff08Clanny\uff09\u3001\u970d\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\uff08Holmes\uff09\u4e09\u540d\u533b\u751f\u5171\u540c\u8bca\u6cbb\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u4f8b\u8f93\u5165\u6027\u75c5\u4f8b\u7531\u6b64\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u4e09\u5929\u540e\u5ba3\u544a\u4e0d\u6cbb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u5185\uff0c\u4e0e\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u3001\u5b59\u5973\u4e5f\u5148\u540e\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u5e76\u5f88\u5feb\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u8513\u5ef63\u4e2a\u6708\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u572812\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u65b0\u589e\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b19\u4f8b\u3002\u81f312\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec510000\u591a\u7684\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b418\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b202\u4f8b\u3002\u76f4\u52301832\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u624d\u9010\u6b65\u6d88\u9000\uff0c22\u65e5\u540e\u518d\u65e0\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u8fd8\u672a\u6d88\u9000\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbf\u7740\u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\u4e24\u5cb8\uff0c\u5411\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u3001\u76d6\u8328\u9ed1\u5fb7\u3001\u8bfa\u68ee\u4f2f\u5170\u53ca\u8fbe\u52d2\u59c6\u90e1\u8bf8\u591a\u6751\u9547\u63a8\u8fdb\u300212\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u51fa\u73b0\u9996\u4f8b\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u6570\u5468\u5185\u75c5\u4f8b\u5267\u589e\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9000\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fdb\u51651832\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u540e\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u523010\u6708\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u8086\u8650\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u5171\u51fa\u73b03487\u4f8b\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1801\u4f8b\u30021831\u5e74\u5723\u8bde\u8282\uff0c\u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\u5357\u5cb8\u7684\u76d6\u8328\u9ed1\u5fb7\u8fce\u6765\u970d\u4e71\u201c\u5e7d\u7075\u201d\u7684\u5149\u987e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8bb0\u8f7d\u9053\uff1a\u201c12\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u76d6\u8328\u9ed1\u5fb7\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u53ca\u6beb\u65e0\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5165\u68a6\u4e61\uff0c\u4f46\u572826\u65e5\u592a\u9633\u5347\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u670955\u4eba\u611f\u67d3\u4e0a\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d32\u4eba\u6ce8\u5b9a\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5347\u8d77\u3002\u81f327\u65e5\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5929\u5185\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\u5728\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u573a\u761f\u75ab\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6211\u6240\u76ee\u7779\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u5728\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u76d6\u8328\u9ed1\u5fb7\u603b\u8ba115000\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b407\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1148\u4f8b\u3002h \u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\u5317\u5cb8\u7684\u7ebd\u4f2f\u6069\uff08Newburn\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5305\u542b131\u5ea7\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u77ff\u5de5\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\uff0c1832\u5e741\u67084\u65e5\u51fa\u73b0\u9996\u4f8b\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u65b0\u589e50\u4f8b\uff0c\u52301\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b320\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea155\u4f8b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u4ec5\u6709550\u4eba\u7684\u7ebd\u4f2f\u6069\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u6210\u4e3a\u706d\u9876\u4e4b\u707e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u7684\u90bb\u8fd1\u5e02\u9547\u4e5f\u906d\u5230\u970d\u4e71\u4fb5\u88ad\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f69\u65af\u5229\uff08444\u4f8b\uff09\u3001\u683c\u4f26\u8bfa\u514b\uff08Greenock\uff0c436\u4f8b\uff09\u3001\u9093\u5df4\u987f\uff08Dumbarton\uff0c67\u4f8b\uff09\u7b49\u30021832\u5e74\u516d\u4e03\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u90e1\uff08Ayrshire\uff09\uff0c\u9020\u6210466\u4f8b\u60a3\u8005\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57fa\u5c14\u9a6c\u8bfa\u514b\uff08Kilmarnock\uff09205\u4f8b\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\uff08Arye\uff09190\u4f8b\u30029\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u9093\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\uff08Dumfries\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5c14\u9547\uff08Maxwelltown\uff09\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9020\u6210205\u4eba\u3001125\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u8b66\u62a5\u4e5f\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u65af\u53f2\u7279\u7075\u90e1\uff08Stirling\uff09\u4e0e\u62c9\u7eb3\u514b\u90e1\uff08Lanarkshire\uff09\u62c9\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u75ab\u60c5\u76f8\u5bf9\u8981\u8f7b\u7f13\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5185\u9646\u7684\u73c0\u65af\uff08Perth\uff09\u4e8e3\u6708\u521d\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c4\u6708\u5e95\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u9093\u8fea\uff08Dundee\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u5404\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f46\u970d\u4e71\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75c5\u4ea1\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5982\u5728\u963f\u4f2f\u4e01\u90e1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u987f\uff08Collieston\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cbf\u6d77\u5c0f\u6e14\u6751\u51fa\u73b09\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u57281832\u5e74\uff1b\u4ece\u6d41\u884c\u533a\u57df\u770b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9650\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5730\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4eba\u70df\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u9ad8\u539f\u5730\u5e26\u5219\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u75ab\u60c5\uff1b\u4ece\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u9020\u6210\u8fd110000\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u53601\/3\uff0c\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u3001\u96f7\u65af\uff08Leith\uff09\u3001\u9093\u8fea\u3001\u683c\u6797\u8bfa\u514b\u3001\u4f69\u65af\u5229\u3001\u9093\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u53601\/3\uff0c\u5176\u4f591\/3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5219\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u77ff\u533a\u53ca\u6cbf\u6d77\u6e14\u6751\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u53ca\u6d88\u9000<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f531831\u5e74\u5e95\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u53ca\u6cf0\u6069\u6cb3\u4e24\u5cb8\u8086\u8650\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u7eb3\u5c14\u65af\u4f2f\u52d2\u3001\u5510\u514b\u65af\u7279\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4f8b\u5076\u53d1\u75c5\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e2d\u90e8\u53ca\u5357\u90e8\u5e7f\u5927\u533a\u57df\u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u4f461832\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u9996\u90fd\u4f26\u6566\u5f00\u59cb\u906d\u5230\u970d\u4e71\u4fb5\u88ad\u3002\u66fe\u5728\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u8fd0\u7164\u8239\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u768448\u5c81\u8239\u5458\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff08John James\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e8\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u75c5\u4ea1\u3002\u968f\u540e\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u7f57\u745f\u6d77\u65af\u533a\u3001\u745f\u7ef4\u514b\u533a\uff08Southwark\uff09\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u81f32\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u4f26\u65668\u4e2a\u6559\u533a\u5171\u53d1\u73b040\u4f8b\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d21\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u30023\u20144\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdb\u51655\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5929\u6c14\u8f6c\u6696\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u518d\u5ea6\u66b4\u53d1\u3002\u81f35\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u4ec5\u745f\u7ef4\u514b\u533a\u5c31\u6709\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b859\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d420\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u3001\u83b1\u59c6\u8c6a\u65af\u3001\u7ebd\u56e0\u987f\u3001\u6885\u52d2\u672c\u7b49\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u8d2b\u6c11\u805a\u5c45\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4ee5\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u9ad8\u53d1\u76847\u20148\u6708\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u603b\u8ba1\u51fa\u73b0\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u4e3a3000\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d85\u8fc7800\u4f8b\u6765\u81ea\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a\uff1b\u636e\u63a8\u7b97\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u57282500\u4f8b\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4ece\u611f\u67d3\u75c5\u4f8b\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u73b0\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u745f\u7ef4\u514b\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u75ab\u60c5\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u6cb3\u4e24\u5cb8\u75ab\u60c5\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u745f\u7ef4\u514b\u533a\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u4e1c\u533a\u7b49\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u9ad8\u53d1\u671f\u4e3a6\u670815\u65e5\u201410\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4f26\u6566\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b9142\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea14266\u4f8b\uff1b11\u201412\u6708\u75ab\u60c5\u5927\u5927\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b030\u4f59\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u7ea6\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u90e1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u5747\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe\u5230150\u4e07\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4f9d\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f531832\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u6563\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e2d\u5357\u90e8\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u81f33\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u8fbe\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Dudley\uff09\u3001\u4f0d\u65af\u7279\uff08Worcester\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u96f6\u661f\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u51654\u6708\u5929\u6c14\u8f6c\u6696\u540e\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbf\u7740\u4ea8\u4f2f\u6cb3\u53e3\u6e7e\u3001\u7ea6\u514b\u90e1\u7684\u5965\u65af\u6cb3\u5411\u53e4\u8033\uff08Goole\uff09\u3001\u585e\u5c14\u6bd4\uff08Selby\uff09\u3001\u8d6b\u5c14\uff08Hull\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u57fa\u7279\u5a01\u987f\uff08Market Weighton\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u6269\u6563\uff1b6\u6708\u8fdb\u5165\u590f\u5b63\u540e\uff0c\u6e7f\u70ed\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u4fc3\u4f7f\u970d\u4e71\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u65b0\u589e\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u8fbe\u523059\u4e2a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u57c3\u5c14\u827e\u5c14\u548c\u8003\u5c14\u5fb7\u822a\u9053\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u4e86\u5229\u5179\u3001\u5229\u7269\u6d66\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5317\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u725b\u6d25\u90e1\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u5411\u897f\u63a8\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\u3001\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u76f8\u7ee7\u51fa\u73b0\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u7ea6\u514b\u90e1\uff08Yorkshire\uff09\u3001\u5170\u5f00\u90e1\u3001\u725b\u6d25\u90e1\u3001\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u3001\u80af\u7279\u90e1\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u75ab\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u671f\u57287\u6708\u30018\u6708\u30019\u6708\u3002\u636e\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u536b\u751f\u59d4\uff08Central Board of Health\uff09\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u65b0\u589e\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u4e61\u6751\uff0c7\u6708\u4e3a75\u4e2a\uff0c8\u6708\u4e3a79\u4e2a\uff0c9\u6708\u4e3a63\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd93\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u65af\u5854\u798f\u5fb7\u90e1\u3001\u6c83\u7ef4\u514b\u90e1\u3001\u4ec0\u7f57\u666e\u90e1\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\u906d\u53d7\u970d\u4e71\u4fb5\u88ad\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6734\u5229\u8305\u65af\u3001\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u3001\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u4e5f\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u523010\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u53c8\u670941\u4e2a\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u6210\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u533a\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90e1\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u53e3\u7a00\u5c11\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u5c71\u533a\u75ab\u60c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u90e1\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e78\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4fb5\u88ad\u5c24\u4e3a\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u68c9\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a142026\u4eba\uff0c1832\u5e745\u670817\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u81f312\u6708\u75ab\u60c5\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u57287\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b1325\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1674\u4f8b\u3002\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u5f88\u5feb\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u3002\u8428\u798f\u5fb7\uff08Salford\uff09\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a40786\u4eba\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u4e3a1832\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\u81f311\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b700\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1216\u4f8b\u3002\u65af\u6258\u514b\u6ce2\u7279\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a25469\u4eba\uff0c1832\u5e746\u670819\u65e5\u51fa\u73b0\u9996\u4f8b\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u81f310\u670815\u65e5\u970d\u4e71\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b72\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea132\u4f8b\u3002\u6885\u5fb7\u6d1b\u514b\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u4e54\u5c14\u987f\uff08Chorlton upon Medlock\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u53e320569\u4eba\uff0c1832\u5e747\u670813\u65e5\u81f312\u67084\u65e5\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u671f\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b88\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea134\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u8c22\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u662f\u4ee5\u5200\u5177\u7b49\u4e94\u91d1\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u9632\u63a7\uff0c\u4f46\u57281832\u5e747\u67088\u65e5\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u8d77\u521d\u4e00\u5468\u5185\uff0c\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b010\u4e2a\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d4\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u51658\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u8513\u5ef6\u5f00\u6765\u30028\u67084\u201410\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u5468\u5185\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b177\u4f8b\uff08\u5176\u4e2d10\u65e5\u5f53\u5929\u65b0\u589e42\u4f8b\uff09\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea163\u4f8b\uff1b8\u670811\u201417\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b278\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea185\u4f8b\uff1b8\u670823\u201431\u65e5\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b191\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea143\u4f8b\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u81f312\u670824\u65e5\u518d\u65e0\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u970d\u4e71\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u8fd1\u534a\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8c22\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u4f8b1348\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1403\u4f8b\uff0c\u5eb7\u590d945\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u7ea6\u514b\uff0c\u57281832\u5e74\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2a\u4ee5\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u89c4\u6a21\u57ce\u9547\u30026\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u8239\u5458\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u4f4d\u970d\u4e71\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u57286\u670830\u65e5\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\u63a5\u8fd1120\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea140\u4f8b\u3002\u968f\u540e\u75ab\u60c5\u9010\u6b65\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4f468\u670825\u65e5\u53c8\u51fa\u73b0\u53cd\u590d\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b25\u4f8b\uff0c9\u670815\u65e5\u75ab\u60c5\u6d88\u9000\u3002\u7ea6\u514b\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a26260\u4eba\uff0c\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b450\u4f8b\uff08\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u76842%\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea1185\u4f8b\uff08\u7ea6\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u76847.3\u2030\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u51e0\u4e2a\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u66b4\u53d1\u5730\u30021832\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u51fa\u73b03\u4e2a\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d2\u4f8b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u590f\u5b63\u540e\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0d\u65ad\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c8\u20149\u6708\u6210\u4e3a\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u671f\uff0c9\u6708\u5e95\u540e\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9000\uff0c11\u670817\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u65e0\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b630\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u683c\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u90e1\uff08Gloucestershire\uff09\u5404\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5360\u8be5\u90e1\u56e0\u970d\u4e71\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u53e3\u76842\/3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\uff08Exeter\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u62e5\u670928242\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u30021832\u5e747\u670819\u65e5\u81f310\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u4e5f\u4fb5\u88ad\u5230\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u4e3a\u590f\u5b63\u76848\u20149\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u59828\u670813\u65e5\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b89\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea131\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b1135\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1345\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea1832\u5e7410\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5929\u6c14\u7684\u8f6c\u51b7\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5f00\u59cb\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u6216\u4e61\u6751\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u30021832\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u65b0\u589e\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u6216\u4e61\u6751\u670941\u4e2a\uff0c11\u6708\u4efd\u65b0\u589e8\u4e2a\uff0c12\u6708\u4ec5\u65b0\u589e1\u4e2a\uff0c\u5373\u7eb3\u5c14\u65af\u4f2f\u52d2\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e25\u51ac\u5b63\u8282\u7684\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5c3e\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u4e8e1831\u5e74\u6df1\u79cb\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81f31832\u5e74\u5bd2\u51ac\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8086\u8650\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u573a\u4e9a\u6b27\u5927\u9646\u8086\u8650\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u761f\u75ab\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u6709\u8033\u95fb\uff0c\u5b98\u65b9\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u9632\u5907\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u8fdb\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u75ab\u60c5\u53ca\u5176\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f24\u5bb3\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u53d1\u75c5\u6025\u4fc3\u3001\u75c5\u75c7\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u5f3a\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6025\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u53d1\u75c5\u6025\u4fc3\u3001\u75c5\u75c7\u6050\u6016\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u4e2a\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u30021831\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\uff0c60\u5c81\u7684\u8239\u5458\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u56e0\u6301\u7eed\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u5455\u5410\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\u800c\u8bf7\u6765\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u670d\u7528\u6b62\u6cfb\u836f\u540e\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c\u300221\u65e5\u665a\u9910\u5403\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u70e4\u829d\u58eb\uff0c22\u65e5\u5403\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7f8a\u6392\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u95e8\u5230\u6cb3\u8fb9\u8239\u4e0a\u5f85\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u4ed6\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5bd2\u98a4\u3001\u62bd\u6410\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u8179\u6cfb\u53ca\u5267\u70c8\u5455\u5410\u75c7\u72b6\u201d\u300223\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\u533b\u751f\u8d76\u5230\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u865a\u8131\uff0c\u8109\u640f\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u6c99\u54d1\uff0c\u9762\u5bb9\u6194\u60b4\uff0c\u8138\u8272\u53d1\u9752\uff0c\u56db\u80a2\u62bd\u6410\uff0c\u8179\u6cfb\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u6392\u6cc4\u7269\u5448\u7c73\u6c64\u72b6\u3002\u201d\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4e09\u540d\u533b\u751f\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u611f\u67d3\u4e0a\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e09\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u4e0d\u6cbb\u800c\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec5\u65f6\u9694\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u537310\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u8239\u5458\u4e4b\u5b50\u300135\u5c81\u7684\u5c0f\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u533b\u9662\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u6301\u7eed\u5455\u5410\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\uff0c\u6392\u6cc4\u7269\u5448\u9ecf\u6db2\u72b6\uff0c\u6781\u5ea6\u754f\u5bd2\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u8737\u7f29\uff0c\u6307\u7532\u53d1\u84dd\uff0c\u624b\u811a\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u75c9\u631b\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u624b\u6709\u611f\u77e5\u8109\u640f\uff0c\u8138\u90e8\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u9762\u5bb9\u53ef\u6016\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u6df1\u9677\uff0c\u773c\u7736\u56db\u5468\u76ae\u80a4\u5448\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u6c99\u54d1\u4f4e\u6c89\uff0c\u6d51\u8eab\u62bd\u6410\u4e0d\u6b62\u3002\u201d\u56db\u5929\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c0f\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u56e0\u865a\u8131\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u75c5\u4f8b\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u53d1\u75c5\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6025\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u53d1\u4f5c\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e11\u964b\u7684\u808c\u4f53\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u56db\u80a2\u62bd\u6410\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u8d77\u76b1\u3001\u9762\u5bb9\u6194\u60b4\u3001\u773c\u5708\u53d1\u84dd\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u53d1\u9752\u3001\u58f0\u97f3\u6c99\u54d1\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee4\u65f6\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bc4\u8ff0\u9053\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4f1a\u6bd4\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u7c97\u9119\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u62d8\u8c28\u4e0e\u65af\u6587\u4e00\u626b\u800c\u5c3d\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u7236\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5c0f\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u67d3\u4e0a\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u7236\u4eb2\u751f\u75c5\u671f\u95f4\u627f\u62c5\u7167\u6599\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5bfc\u81f4\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5c0f\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u63a5\u89e6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u83cc\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5f53\u5c0f\u65af\u666e\u6d1b\u7279\u5728\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u4ea1\u65f6\uff0c\u642c\u8fd0\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u827e\u4e3d\u838e\u00b7\u7279\u6069\u5e03\u5c14\uff08Eliza Turnbull\uff09\u572811\u67081\u65e5\u4e5f\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u5f53\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\u4e0d\u6cbb\u800c\u4ea1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6851\u5fb7\u5170\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9662\u65b9\u4e00\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7279\u6069\u5e03\u5c14\u662f\u88ab\u970d\u4e71\u5413\u6b7b\u800c\u975e\u56e0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6613\u611f\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c\u5230\u82b1\u7532\u4e4b\u5e74\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u9891\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u4e00\u65e6\u66b4\u53d1\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5206\u8d2b\u5bcc\u8d35\u8d31\u3001\u4e0d\u5206\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7a77\u56f0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c42\u6210\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u5c42\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u88ad\u3002\u57281832\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5373\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u62a5\u7eb8\u62ab\u9732\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bcc\u4eba\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u201c8\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8621\u5e74\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u5a01\u666e\u66fc\u5148\u751f\uff08Mr. E. Whipperman\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u56e0\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u53bb\u4e16\uff1b\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u5468\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\uff08William Tyler\uff09\u6b7b\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5f53\u5730\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u65c5\u5e97\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u8fc7\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u7ecf\u5386\uff1b9\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u8239\u957f\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u798f\u9f99\uff08Thomas Furlong\uff09\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bb6\u4ec6\u56e0\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b10\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u2018\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u53f7\u2019\u5e06\u8239\u8239\u957f\u5e03\u6797\u987f\uff08W. G. Blinton\uff09\u56e0\u611f\u67d3\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec539\u5c81\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u5b64\u513f\u5be1\u6bcd\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\u75c5\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u514d\u75ab\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u8bc4\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u573a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u5bcc\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u62db\u6216\u5e78\u514d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u662f\u9075\u4ece\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u754c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u533b\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u88681\u6570\u636e\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4f4e\u4e8e2500\u4eba\u7684\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u60a3\u8005\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a31.2%\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u4e2d\u7b49\u300110000\u201419999\u4eba\u7684\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a32%\uff1b\u4eba\u53e3\u8d85\u8fc780000\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a35.4%\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u662f\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5747\u57281\/3\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5219\u8d85\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\uff1a\u9996\u90fd\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b11020\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea15275\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a47.9%\uff1b\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u54e5\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b6208\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b7b\u4ea13005\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a48.4%\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9ad8\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6050\u614c\u3002\u4f0d\u5c14\u592b\u6c49\u666e\u987f\u7684\u533b\u751f\u66fe\u63cf\u8ff0\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u662f\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u6b7b\u5bc2\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e27\u949f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u9e23\u54cd\u2026\u2026\u8857\u9053\u7a7a\u65e0\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u5bfb\u6c42\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u58f0\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u65e5\u7e41\u534e\u7684\u8857\u9053\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5076\u5c14\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u5355\u9a6c\u7075\u8f66\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u3002\u201d\u4f26\u6566\u4e00\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u5219\u5c06\u970d\u4e71\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3a\u6b7b\u795e\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81f4\u547d\u75be\u75c5\u50cf\u6076\u9b54\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51b3\u5fc3\u8981\u6467\u6bc1\u4e00\u5207\uff1b\u9ad8\u5c71\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e0e\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u63a8\u8fdb\uff1b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u5176\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u727a\u7272\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u5728\u5176\u51b0\u51b7\u4e4b\u624b\u89e6\u53ca\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6b7b\u795e\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u964d\u4e34\u2026\u2026\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5728\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u541e\u566c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u53ca\u75ab\u60c5\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u590f\u5b63\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u4f20\u64ad\u6700\u4e3a\u8fc5\u731b\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b63\u8282\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f7b\u7f13\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u536b\u751f\u59d4\u6210\u5458\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5df4\u5229\u5bf91831\u20141832\u5e74\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u505a\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u88682\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

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