\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u738b\u70c1<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5e73\u751f\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5730\u8bf4\u8fd9\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a\u80fd\u8bf4\u4f1a\u9053\uff0c\u6025\u529f\u8fd1\u5229\uff0c\u597d\u5927\u559c\u529f\uff0c\u56fa\u6267\u5df1\u89c1\uff0c\u52c7\u6c14\u5341\u8db3\uff0c\u538c\u618e\u6781\u6743\u3002\u4ece\u51e1\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u770b\u672c\u6765\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u6709\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u57281940\u5e745\u6708\u90a3\u4e2a\u81f3\u6697\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4e00<\/p>\n
\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\u51fa\u8eab\u671b\u65cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e07\u5b9d\u8def\u516c\u7235John Churchill\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u7956\u7236\u662f\u7b2c7\u4ee3\u516c\u7235\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u603b\u7763\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u540d\u5a9b\uff0c\u5916\u7956\u7236\u662f\u6295\u673a\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u534e\u5c14\u8857\u4e4b\u738b\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u53d1\u8d22\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u7834\u4ea7\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4ea4\u9645\u82b1\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u4eb2\u738b\u3001\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u60c5\u5987\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u6392\u884c\u8001\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ad\u7235\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4efb\u4e0a\u51b3\u7b56\u541e\u5e76\u7f05\u7538\uff0c\u540e\u4efb\u8d22\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u90b1\u5409\u5c1422\u5c81\u968f\u519b\u9a7b\u624e\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u52a0\u5165\u897f\u5317\u626b\u8361\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u8d22\u653f\u4e0a\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u3001\u9053\u4e49\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u3002\u672a\u51e0\u53c8\u60f3\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4eb2\u53cb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u82f1\u519b\u5bf9\u5580\u571f\u7a46\u7684\u8fdc\u5f81\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u88ab\u51b7\u51b7\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u8d39\u4ece\u519b\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e8c<\/p>\n
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\u6bcf\u53c2\u4e00\u6218\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u5f81\u6218\u8bb0\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u58f0\u540d\u8d8a\u4e0a\u5c42\u697c\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u56de\u5f52\u82f1\u4f26\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c25\u5c81\uff0c\u5df2\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u6d32\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u56db\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e94\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u53c2\u9009\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5982\u613f\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u575b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7236\u4eb246\u5c81\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u89c9\u5f97\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u803d\u6401\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u523b\u82e6\uff0c\u80fd\u8a00\u5584\u8fa9\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6f14\u8bb2\u90fd\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b95\u673a\u3002\u5728\u521d\u5165\u8bae\u4f1a\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u7b56\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\u6ed4\u6ed4\u4e0d\u7edd\u8bb2\u4e8645\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5c34\u5c2c\u800c\u4e0d\u5931\u98ce\u5ea6\u5730\u5750\u4e0b\u3002\u540c\u50da\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u5012\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u60c5\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u75c5\u91cd\u540e\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5b95\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8bf7Eddie Marsh\u505a\u4ed6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u79d8\u4e66\u3002Marsh\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u806a\u660e\u7edd\u9876\u4f46\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u50b2\u6162\u5c16\u523b\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u95ee\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u524d\u5973\u53cbPamela Plowden\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9762\u4f60\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4f18\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
Marsh\u5f53\u4e86\u4e18\u5409\u5c1430\u5e74\u79d8\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u957f\u5b50\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u6392\u884c\u8001\u4e8c\uff0c\u6ca1\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u5bb6\u65cf\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5bb6\u65cf\u7092\u80a1\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u53c8\u6709\u5927\u8d35\u65cf\u6325\u970d\u65e0\u5ea6\u7684\u4e60\u6c14\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7236\u4eb2\u867d\u7136\u5ba6\u81f3\u8d22\u957f\uff0c\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\u5374\u6ca1\u80fd\u7559\u4e0b\u592a\u591a\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6325\u970d\u4e00\u7a7a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ddf\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u624b\u5927\u811a\u662f\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8d35\u65cf\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u94b1\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u7956\u836b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u4e2a\u7f3a\u94b1\u82b1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u597d\u5728\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
23\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e0bThe Scaffolding of Rhetoric\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u4e94\u6761\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u70bc\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u62bc\u97f5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u84c4\u52bf\u3002\u5954\u5411\u7ec8\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u7d27\u5f20\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5938\u5f20\u3002\u7528\u5938\u5f20\u51fb\u4e2d\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n
23\u5c81\u7684\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4ece\u653f\u4f5c\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8d4b\u95f2\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5199\u4e00\u6218\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\uff0cThe World Crisis\uff0c\u8bf7\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u53f2\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6765\u6838\u5bf9\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6765\u56de\u8e31\u6b65\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8f7b\u58f0\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u542c\u4e0a\u53bb\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u79d8\u4e66\u53e3\u6388\u3002\u521d\u7a3f\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u6539\u56db\u4e94\u7a3f\u624d\u80fd\u5b9a\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e48\u4ed4\u7ec6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e25\u8c28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e66\u51715\u672c80\u4f59\u4e07\u5b57\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u6388\u4e88\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u65f6\u9881\u5956\u8bcd\u91cc\u4ea6\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u6770\u4f5c\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u4fe1\u53f2\u3002\u201c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u771f\u8bdd\u3001\u5047\u8bdd\u3001\u534a\u771f\u534a\u5047\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u201d\u65f6\u4eba\u4f5c\u8bc4\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u662f\u653f\u5ba2\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5199\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u6784\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u53c2\u4e00\u6218\uff0c\u90fd\u7ea6\u597d\u62a5\u7eb8\u505a\u7279\u6d3e\u6218\u5730\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u7a3f\u916c\u8282\u8282\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6bcf\u680f5\u9551\u5347\u81f3\u5e03\u5c14\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u7684\u6bcf\u6708400\u9551+\u62a5\u9500\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u8fd8\u5199\u4e66\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8ffd\u9010\u53c2\u52a0\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5199\u7a3f\u6323\u94b1\u3002\u4e00\u9c7c\u591a\u5403\uff0c\u7cbe\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u56db<\/p>\n
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\u5fb7\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e94<\/p>\n
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\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u707e\u96be\u8d1f\u6700\u5927\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u5185\u9601\u6279\u51c6\u8fd9\u573a\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u519b\u4eba\u4eec\u5747\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u8fd9\u573a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5f3a\u529b\u538b\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u60e8\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4e0b\u53f0\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u51fa\u8eab\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u8131\u515a\u6295\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u515a\uff0c\u88ab\u5bf9\u65b9\u6068\u4e4b\u5165\u9aa8\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u540c\u50da\u5bf9\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8b66\u60d5\u52a0\u4e0a\u7fa1\u6155\u5ac9\u5992\u6068\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e24\u515a\u5408\u4f5c\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u63d0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5fc5\u987b\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5f88\u4e50\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u6211\u5b8c\u86cb\u4e86\u3002\u201d 33\u5c81\u5c31\u5165\u9601\uff0c40\u5c81\u5df2\u7ecf\u5386\u4efb\u4e09\u4e2a\u5185\u9601\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4eba\u751f\u5411\u4e0a45\u5ea6\u7ebf\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6389\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u79c1\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e00\u5468\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u4e8b\u5e72\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u753b\u753b\u6253\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u8fbe\u8fbe\u5c3c\u5c14\u51b2\u51fb\u540e\u6309\u6469\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec8\u751f\u7231\u597d\uff0c\u201c\u753b\u753b\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6700\u96c6\u4e2d\u3002\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u4f59\u9009\u624b\u6765\u8bf4\u753b\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u51fa\u81ea\u4e13\u4e1a\u753b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n
1915\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ece\u8fbe\u8fbe\u5c3c\u5c14\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u7ffb\u76d8\u65e0\u671b\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e00\u5468\u540e\u5373\u6765\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u519b\u56e2\u62a5\u5230\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u5f81\u5175\u6ca1\u5230\u4ed6\u8fd9\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5f53\u5927\u81e3\u4e0a\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e3a\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u6240\u9a71\u4f7f\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fbe\u8fbe\u5c3c\u5c14\u6559\u4f1a\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e00\u81f4\u53cd\u5bf9\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u610f\u5b64\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u538b\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u9e26\u96c0\u65e0\u58f0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6c89\u9ed8\u5f53\u4f5c\u652f\u6301\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8981\u575a\u51b3\u6307\u6325\u67aa\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u592a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u4ea4\u7ed9\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u81ea\u5df1\u517c\u9632\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f97\u6b62\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516d<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5148\u4e0b\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u58d5\u91cc\u5446\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6821\u8425\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u521a\u521a\u635f\u5931\u4e00\u534a\u4eba\u9a6c\uff0c\u519b\u5b98\u635f\u5931\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5b88\u4f4f1000\u7801\u7684\u9635\u7ebf\u3002\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5f53\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u8425\u957f\u5c31\u53bb\u5f53\u5c11\u5c06\u65c5\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u519b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u4e34\u65f6\u6362\u4eba\uff0c\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u5f53\u4e864\u4e2a\u6708\u8425\u957f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u8425\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u5458\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u5149\u8363\u9000\u5f79\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u300218\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u9601\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u7a7a\u519b\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u6218\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u654c\u5c31\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u65e9\u6700\u575a\u51b3\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5bbd\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n
1921\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdc\u4eb2\u610f\u5916\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u989d\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5e744000\u9551\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4ece\u6b64\u6b63\u5f0f\u6446\u8131\u91d1\u94b1\u7684\u56f0\u6320\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u957f\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u627f\u5bb6\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u653f\u6536\u5165\u6709\u9650\u4e14\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u4ed6\u5f53\u8bb0\u8005\u7ed9\u62a5\u7eb8\u64b0\u7a3f\u7684\u7a3f\u916c\u5f88\u9ad8\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u654c\u653b\u51fb\u4ed6\u7684\u53e3\u5b9e\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7ed9\u62a5\u7eb8\u64b0\u7a3f\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u505a\u4e00\u540d\u4e25\u8083\u653f\u5ba2\u7684\u58f0\u540d\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fc7\u5f80\u7ecf\u5e38\u7f3a\u94b1\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u751f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u65f6\uff0c\u8001\u5a46\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u8003\u8651\u9001\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u6536\u517b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c9\u5f97\u517b\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u597d\u4e86\uff0c47\u5c81\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
1924\u5e74\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u804c\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u8bae\u5458\u8d25\u9009\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u56de\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u8d22\u76f8\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002\u201c\u6211\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5411\u9996\u76f8Baldwin\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u7236\u4eb2\u51fa\u4efb\u8d22\u76f8\u65f6\u7a7f\u7684\u888d\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
1904\u5e74\u53db\u9003\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u515a\uff0c1924\u5e74\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5b8c\u7f8e\u62e9\u65f6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u768420\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u7262\u7262\u628a\u6301\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8c01\u90fd\u80fd\u5f53\u4e00\u6b21\u53db\u5f92\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u5f53\u4e24\u6b21\u3002\u201d\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5f88\u5f97\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u5728\u8d22\u76f8\u4efb\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u91cd\u8fd4\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4e8b\u540e\u6700\u540e\u6094\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\u52a0\u4e0d\u8d2c\u503c\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u662f\u4e2a\u707e\u96be\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4e8b\u524d\u5374\u5f97\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u4e13\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4ee5\u540e\u5bf9\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\u603b\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u91d1\u878d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u8212\u670d\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u9760\u8c31\uff0c\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4e03<\/p>\n
1929\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u53f0\u3002\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6df1\u5ea6\u6e38\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u65c5\u5f7b\u5e95\u6cbb\u6108\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6050\u7f8e\u75c7\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u4ed6\u529b\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5428\u4f4d\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u80fd\u5efa\u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u5efa\u591a\u5c11\u5427\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u8fd9\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\u30021929\u5e74\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u56db\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8\u90a3\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u597d\u5728\u534e\u5c14\u8857\uff0c\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u8df3\u697c\u3002\u5728\u65c5\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u8ddf\u592a\u592a\u7b97\u8d26\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e00\u5757\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u4e00\u5757\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u575b\u4f11\u606f\u624d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u6323\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u94b1\u3002\u5f88\u5f97\u610f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u56db\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u4e8f\u4e8610000\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u768450\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3002\u8ddf\u592a\u592a\u8c08\u8d77\u80a1\u5e02\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u8bf4\u8f9e\u8ddfA\u80a1\u80a1\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u522b\u6015\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5728\u80a1\u5e02\u4e0a\u6295\u8d44\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u7092\u77ed\u7ebf\uff0c\u6709\u666e\u901a\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u6467\u57ae\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8f6c\u8fc7\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u8d1f\u503a2\u4e07\u591a\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u652f\u9760\u8d4a\u8d26\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u5356\u4e86\u79df\u623f\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e61\u4e0b\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u88c5\u4fee\u505c\u5de5\u3002\u4eb2\u670b\u597d\u53cb\u6765\u5e2e\u886c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u7f13\u8fc7\u6c14\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9760\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u731b\u5199\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d2f\u591a\u4ea7\uff0c\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c24\u5176\u591a\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9760\u5199\u4e66\u6323\u56de30000\u7f8e\u5143\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u542f\u5e84\u56ed\u88c5\u4fee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7528\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7ed9\u957f\u5b50\u53d6\u540d\uff0c\u4f46Randolph\u957f\u6210\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u7701\u6cb9\u7684\u706f\u3002\u201c\u4ed6\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5bbd\u539a\u3002\u201d\u670b\u53cb\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd2\u820c\u3002Randolph\u9009\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u4e09\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u6b21\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u6311\u6218\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5185\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u589e\u52a0\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u65f6\u5e38\u5927\u5435\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u5728\u6211\u6253\u65ad\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u65ad\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516b<\/p>\n
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\u53ea\u6709\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u5728\u60f3\u6298\u8877\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9000\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5a36\u8f9b\u666e\u68ee\u592b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5979\u52a0\u7687\u5ba4\u5934\u8854\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u62db\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u6743\u8d35\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u516b\u4e16\u9000\u4f4d\u90a3\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5171\u8fdb\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f5c\u522b\u3002\u5c3d\u5fe0\u6548\u8282\u5168\u5957\u505a\u5b8c\u3002<\/p>\n
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1939\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6495\u6bc1\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u6377\u514b\u5168\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u501f\u53e3\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6b66\u88c5\u3001\u5360\u9886\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5fb7\u56fd\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u6b63\u5e38\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u7531\uff1b\u541e\u5e76\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u5272\u8ba9\u6377\u514b\u82cf\u53f0\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u8981\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u7531\u3002\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u60f3\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u501f\u53e3\u6765\u9a97\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5360\u9886\u6377\u514b\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u501f\u53e3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
1939\u5e748\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5fb7\u82cf\u7a81\u7136\u516c\u5e03\u8fbe\u6210\u53cb\u597d\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u6e21\u5047\u7684\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u5230\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u6218\u4e89\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u51e0\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4e1c\u7ebf\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u653b\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6b63\u5f0f\u7206\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5341<\/p>\n
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