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[\u5308] \u9a6c\u52a0\u4ec0\u3001\u6c5f\u6c9b<\/p>\n

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[1] \u5c3d\u7ba1\u8f66\u53a2\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6696\u53a2\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u6218\u4fd8\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u51ac\u51b7\u590f\u70ed\u3002<\/p>\n

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[2] \u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fc4\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u843d\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u6377\u514b\u519b\u56e2\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u5217\u8f66<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ed3\u675f\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u53c2\u52a0\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u56fd\u9645\u5e08\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u79f0\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u4e3a\u201c\u8fc7\u6fc0\u6d3e\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u82cf\u4fc4\u5185\u6218\u548c\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5927\u6279\u6ede\u7559\u4fc4\u5883\u3002\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u6377\u514b\u88d4\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u88d4\u6218\u4fd8\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5175\u56e2\u4e8e1918\u5e745\u6708\u53d1\u52a8\u53db\u4e71\uff0c<\/strong>\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u4fc4\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u6025\u5148\u950b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56db\u5904\u7834\u574f\u94c1\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8feb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6377\u514b\u88d4\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u88d4\u6218\u4fd8\u52a0\u5165\u5175\u56e2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5409\u6797\u548c\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7684\u5fb7\u5965\u6218\u4fd8\u6536\u5bb9\u6240<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\uff08\u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438\uff09\u7b49\u5904\u6218\u4fd8\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u5185\u751f\u5b58\u6761\u4ef6\u6108\u76ca\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u4fc4\u65b9\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u7ba1\u7406\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c97\u653e\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u4fd8\u864f\u501f\u673a\u8131\u9003\uff0c\u4e0e\u4fc4\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5409\u6797\u548c\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u4e24\u7701\u6210\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u9003\u4ea1\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u9003\u81f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u9003\u4fd8<\/strong>\u201d\u3002\u5176\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9886\u571f\u5e7f\u88a4\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u5bd2\u51b7\u4ee5\u53ca\u654c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5747\u4f7f\u81ea\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u542f\u7a0b\u7684\u897f\u884c\u5f52\u4e61\u4e4b\u8def\u8270\u9669\u6f2b\u957f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6218\u4fd8\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\uff0c\u4e14\u6c11\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6709\u7684\u6218\u4fd8\u5df2\u7ecf\u540c\u4e2d\u4fc4\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a5\u6d4e\u9003\u4ea1\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6218\u4fd8\u9003\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5148\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u8f6c\u9053\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u91cd\u8fd4\u6b27\u6d32\u6545\u4e61\uff0c\u5176\u6d41\u4ea1\u7ecf\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5192\u9669\u7684\u201c\u5965\u5fb7\u8d5b\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1915\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u6c99\u4fc4\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u8131\u9003\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u8fb9\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u7701\u5f53\u5c40\u63a5\u5230\u4e1c\u5b81\u53bf\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51bb\u4f24\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u4ece\u7ee5\u82ac\u6cb3\u5bf9\u5cb8\u5165\u5883\u3002\u4e1c\u5b81\u53bf\u4e00\u9762\u7ed9\u4e88\u4f19\u98df\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u8bf7\u793a\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u4fc4\u65b9\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u9063\u8fd4\u9003\u4fd8\u4e4b\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5409\u6797\u5de1\u6309\u4f7f\u5b5f\u6069\u8fdc\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u4fd8\u5373\u5165\u6211\u754c\uff0c\u5e94\u7167\u4e2d\u7acb\u60ef\u4f8b\u7531\u53bf\u770b\u62a4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4fc4\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u547d\u4ee4\u4e1c\u5b81\u53bf\u5c06\u8be5\u5fb7\u4fd8\u7b49\u51bb\u75ae\u901f\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f1c\u5bc6\u770b\u5b88\uff0c\u52ff\u4ee4\u9003\u4ea1\u3002\u201d\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u5448\u62a5\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u3002\u63a5\u5230\u5b5f\u6069\u8fdc\u62a5\u544a\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4e5f\u6536\u5230\u4fc4\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u5173\u4e8e\u9003\u4fd8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7167\u4f1a\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6307\u793a\u5409\u6797\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u201c1907\u6d77\u7259\u4fdd\u548c\u4f1a\u9646\u6218\u4e2d\u7acb\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u7acb\u56fd\u6536\u5bb9\u9003\u4ea1\u4fd8\u864f\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u65b9\u5904\u7f6e\u5fb7\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e8b\u786e\u4e4b\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u52a1\u7948\u9075\u5b88\u7f1c\u529e\uff0c\u4e07\u52ff\u592b\u4e4b\u8f7b\u5ffd\u3002\u201d\u968f\u7740\u9003\u4fd8\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5409\u6797\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u5409\u6797\u5e02\u897f\u95e8\u5916\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u5ea7\u4fd8\u864f\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u6765\u5b89\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5e74\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u7701\u9f99\u6c5f\u5fb7\u5965\u6218\u4fd8\u6536\u5bb9\u6240<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u9aa4\u7136\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u201c\u9003\u4fd8\u201d\u3002\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u5f53\u5c40\u4e3a\u5b89\u7f6e\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u4f26\u548c\u9f99\u6c5f\uff08\u4eca\u9f50\u9f50\u54c8\u5c14\u5e02\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u6218\u4fd8\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d77\u4f26\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e8e1917\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u521a\u4e00\u5efa\u7acb\u5c31\u6536\u5bb9\u4e86\u5fb7\u5965\u4e24\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8300\u4f59\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u9003\u4fd8\u3002\u9f99\u6c5f\u6218\u4fd8\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1918\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5bb9\u6218\u4fd8456\u540d\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u5fb7\u5965\u4fd8\u864f\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6536\u5bb9\u7684\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a9\u8d48\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6218\u4fd8\u6551\u6d4e<\/strong><\/p>\n

1915\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u7740\u624b\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u6536\u5bb9\u6240\u91cc\u8863\u7269\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u54c1\u77ed\u7f3a\u7b49\u6218\u4fd8\u6551\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7537\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\uff08YMCA\uff09\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u745e\u5178\u7684\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u7b49\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u5929\u6d25\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a9\u8d48\u4f1a\uff08Tientsin Hilfsaktion\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u6551\u52a9\u5fb7\u5965\u6218\u4fd8\u3002\u8be5\u4f1a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u827e\u5c14\u838e\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6c49\u7eb3\u6839\u592b\u4eba\uff08Frau Elsa von Hanneken\uff09\u662f\u66fe\u4efb\u5929\u6d25\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\uff08Gustav von Detring\uff09\u4e4b\u5973\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u6c49\u7eb3\u6839\uff08Constantin von Hanneken\uff09\u4e4b\u59bb\u30021914\u5e74\u5979\u542c\u8bf4\u6709\u4ece\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u6218\u4fd8\u7ecf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u9003\u81f3\u5929\u6d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6551\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u5979\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u4eac\u8bf7\u6c42\u5fb7\u3001\u4fc4\u3001\u7f8e\u4e09\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u9986\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u3002\u8fd4\u6d25\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6551\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u6d25\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a9\u8d48\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u52df\u6b3e\u6765\u6551\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u5fb7\u5965\u9003\u4fd8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5965\u5308\u6218\u4fd8\u9003\u81f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u8eab\u4f53\u865a\u5f31\u3001\u4e0d\u582a\u4e25\u5bd2\u800c\u5411\u5965\u5308\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u79df\u754c\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u800c\u5965\u5308\u5f53\u5c40\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e2d\u6df7\u6709\u4fc4\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u6000\u7591\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9003\u4fd8\u8fd8\u88ab\u5965\u5308\u5728\u534e\u9a7b\u519b\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u53ec\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5fc3\u6000\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u6697\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53cd\u6297\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u79df\u754c\u7ed1\u67b6\u6848\u7684\u7ed1\u532a\u5934\u76eeJosef \u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5df2\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b12\u5e74\u7684\u5965\u5308\u5192\u9669\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5728\u5965\u79df\u754c\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u6743\u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u6028\u6068\u79df\u754c\u5f53\u5c40\u3002\u636e\u8baf\u95ee\u7b14\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8d38\u6613\u751f\u610f\u88ab\u53d6\u7f14\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7528\u624b\u67aa\u5a01\u80c1\u8fc7\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5929\u6d25\u30021913\u5e74\uff0cJosef \u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u8f97\u8f6c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u540e\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u5728\u9655\u897f\u9f99\u5c71\u6cd5\u6bd4\u94c1\u8def\u516c\u53f8\uff08Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 FrancoBelgie\uff09\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u636e\u5176\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f1a\u5ba1\u516c\u5ee8\uff08Mixed Court\uff09\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5965\u5308\u79df\u754c\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u7f18\u7531\u662f\u56e0\u53cd\u611f\u5176\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u636e\u4ed6\u8bb2\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5965\u5308\u4f7f\u9986\u5173\u62bc\u7740\u4e0d\u5c11\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff0c\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u9003\u4fd8\u201d\u7684\u6c42\u63f4\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u4eba\u5458\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u4eec\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bc6\u8c0b\u6b66\u88c5\u5360\u9886\u5965\u5308\u79df\u754c\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u9a7b\u519b\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5965\u5308\u79df\u754c\u5171\u548c\uff0c\u5e76\u62e5\u7acb\u4e00\u540d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u88d4\u5965\u5308\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u4e3a\u201c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u9879\u5bc6\u8c0b\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4e1c\u5317\u9003\u4fd8\u201d\u3001\u9a7b\u4eac\u5965\u5308\u4f7f\u9986\u536b\u961f\u9003\u5175\u3001\u5965\u5308\u8239\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\uff08Austrian Lloyd\uff09\u6d77\u5458\u548c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u65e5\u4e09\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5bc6\u8c0b\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecb\u5165\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u5175\u5e72\u6d89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u4f4d\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u201d\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5411\u5965\u5308\u79df\u754c\u5f53\u5c40\u544a\u5bc6\uff0c\u5965\u9a7b\u4eac\u4f7f\u9986\u53ca\u65f6\u6d3e\u5175\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4f7f\u653b\u5360\u79df\u754c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7834\u4ea7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u8005\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c0b\u5212\u5728\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6d77\u5965\u5308\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u53d1\u8d77\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u593a\u53d6\u4e0a\u6d77\u6e2f\u53e3\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5965\u5308\u8239\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e09\u8258\u5546\u8239\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5bc6\u8c0b\u8005\u5728\u8ffd\u6355\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u67aa\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u2014\u2014<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u9003\u4ea1\u8005\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u5148\u950b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b<\/p>\n

\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\uff081893~1958\uff0cL\u00e1szl\u00f3\/Ladislav\u00b7Hugyecz\/ Hudec\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u62dc\u65af\u7279\u5c14\u91c7\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08Beszterceb\u00e1nya\uff0c\u4eca\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u73ed\u65af\u5361-\u6bd4\u65af\u7279\u91cc\u5bdf Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica\uff09\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u7a0b\u8425\u9020\u5546\uff08mas-ter builder\uff09\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u6559\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u4e4b\u5973\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7687\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66\uff08Hungarian Royal Joseph Technical University\uff09\u5efa\u7b51\u7cfb\u653b\u8bfb\u5b66\u4f4d\u30021914 \u5e74\u5e94\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\uff0c1916 \u5e74\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u88ab\u4fc4\u519b\u4fd8\u864f\u3002 \u6700\u521d\uff0c\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u4e0e 3000 \u540d\u540c\u4f34\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u54c8\u5df4\u7f57\u592b\u65af\u514b\u519b\u5b98\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u30021917 \u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u8f6c\u81f3\u7ea2\u5217\u5947\u5361\uff08Krasnaya Rechka\uff09\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u662f\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u65cf\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u53d7\u5230\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u6218\u4fd8\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

1918\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u642d\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5883\u5185\u94c1\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u9677\u5165\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u4e8e\u8d1d\u52a0\u5c14\u6e56\u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u9022\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u5175\u56e2\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u53db\u519b\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u5f3a\u8feb\u6377\u514b\u65cf\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u65cf\u6218\u4fd8\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ece\u8005\u5c31\u5730\u67aa\u51b3\uff0c\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u65e2\u4e0d\u613f\u53c2\u52a0\u53db\u519b\u53c8\u4e0d\u613f\u5750\u4ee5\u5f85\u6bd9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u9003\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u3002\u51e0\u7ecf\u5468\u6298\u62b5\u8fbe\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u4e39\u9ea6\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8e1918\u5e7410\u6708\u6765\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n

\u501f\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4e13\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u5f88\u5feb\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u514b\u5229\u6d0b\u884c\uff08Rowland A. Curry\uff09\u52a9\u7406\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u30021922\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bcc\u5546\u7684\u5973\u513f\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5a5a\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e62\u4f4f\u5b85\u30021925\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6a2a\u6ee8\u6b63\u91d1\u94f6\u884c\uff08Yokohama Bank\uff09\u5927\u53a6\u6210\u7acb\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u72ec\u7acb\u521b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9762\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u66fe\u59d4\u6258\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5efa\u9020\u897f\u95e8\u5987\u5b7a\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u539f\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u81ea\u5b85\uff0c\u4eca\u4e0a\u6d77\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986<\/p>\n

1929\u5e74\uff0c\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7b49\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u6469\u5929\u697c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd1\u51b5\uff0c\u7740\u624b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6d77\u56fd\u9645\u996d\u5e97\uff08Park Hotel\uff09\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u996d\u5e97\u662f\u4ed6\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u66fe\u4eab\u6709\u201c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ad8\u697c\u201d\u4e4b\u7f8e\u8a89\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u65f6\u8d77\u5230 1937\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u90ac\u8fbe\u514b\u7684\u591a\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5176\u95f4\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8d6b\u8d6b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u5149\u660e\u5927\u620f\u9662\uff08Grand Theatre\uff09\u3001\u659c\u6865\u5f04\u5de8\u53a6\uff08P.C. Woo’s Resi\uff0ddence\uff09\u548c\u8fbe\u534e\u516c\u5bd3\uff08Hubertus Court\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u6d77\u5fb7\u56fd\u793c\u62dc\u5802<\/p>\n

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\u4e0a\u6d77\u56fd\u9645\u996d\u5e97<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5fb7\u5965\u6218\u4fd8\u8425\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u53f2\u5fc3\u5f97<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u2014\u2014\u962e\u6c5f\u7ea2<\/p>\n

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\u6218\u4e89\u56fa\u7136\u6b8b\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u5e2e\u6276\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5411\u5584\u5411\u7f8e\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

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