\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5468\u7231\u6c11<\/p>\n
\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u66fe\u5f15\u8d77\u4f17\u591a\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u62dc\u8bfb\u5404\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8457\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u5b9a\u524d\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5fb7\u50ac\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5927\u591a\u5be5\u5be5\u6570\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u6df1\u7a76\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fb7\u50ac\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u662f\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u907f\u6218\u6c42\u548c\u7684\u5e8f\u66f2\uff0c\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4f4e\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6f\u5f31\u53ef\u6b3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8feb\u5207\u6c42\u548c\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u66b4\u9732\u65e0\u9057\uff0c\u66f4\u4fc3\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u7b7e\u5b9a\u4e2d\u8d2a\u5f97\u65e0\u538c\uff0c\u8086\u610f\u5984\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9063\u4f7f\u8d74\u65e5\u524d\u7684\u6218\u548c\u4e4b\u4e89<\/p>\n
1894\u5e74\uff0c\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u88ab\u8feb\u5e94\u6218\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6447\u6446\u5728\u6218\u548c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5e73\u58e4\u3001\u9ec4\u6d77\u7b49\u6218\u5f79\u4e00\u8d25\u518d\u8d25\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8fbd\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u6218\u4e8b\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u5728\u6218\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u660e\u6717\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u53ca\u671d\u9c9c\u4e8b\u8d77\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u5373\u4e3b\u4ece\u901f\u548c\u89e3\u4e86\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u803d\u8bef\u5979\u5927\u4e3e\u5e86\u5bff\uff0c\u5e7f\u53d7\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u5e1d\u4e1a\u5df2\u4eb2\u653f\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e3b\u6218\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u4e0d\u60a6\uff0c\u66f4\u5f62\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u201d \u2460\u5e1d\u540e\u4e4b\u95f4\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6fc0\u5316\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5e1d\u515a\u5904\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7f62\u9edc\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u201d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6148\u79a7\u6c42\u548c\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6108\u6765\u6108\u8feb\u5207\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u501a\u91cd\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e1d\u515a\u63d0\u51fa\u7f62\u9edc\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u594f\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u4e3b\u548c\u6d3e\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u915d\u917f\u8bae\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
9\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u6d3e\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u53bb\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u4e0e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u63a2\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fc4\u56fd\u51fa\u9762\u8c03\u505c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u77e5\u9053\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c42\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u5fc5\u4f1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u4e16\u7b11\u9a82\u201d\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u613f\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u6562\u6297\u65e8\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6b64\u8282\u53ea\u6709\u674e\u67d0\u590d\u8bcd\uff0c\u81e3\u4e3a\u8f6c\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u8bba\u65ad\u201d \u2461\uff0c\u5e76\u53bb\u5929\u6d25\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u8859\u95e8\u89c1\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u3002 \u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6839\u636e\u897f\u592a\u540e\u7684\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5954\u8d70\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8bf7\u5176\u4ece\u4e2d\u5468\u65cb\u3002\u201d\u2462<\/p>\n
\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u79bb\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u5e1d\u515a\u6210\u5458\u9488\u5bf9\u8bae\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u8bf7\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8a22\u51fa\u5c71\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002\u5955\u8a22\u88ab\u8d77\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u7406\u5404\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u8859\u95e8\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6c86\u7023\u4e00\u6c14\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u548c\u6d3e\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u6743\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u77e5\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u505c\u6218\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5955\u8a22\u5728\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u9080\u8bf7\u82f1\u3001\u4fc4\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u7f8e\u4e94\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u6664\u8c08\uff0c\u53e6\u81f4\u7535\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u516d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c45\u4e2d\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u51fa\u9762\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u8bae\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u5728\u4f01\u56fe\u8c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5747\u6301\u89c2\u671b\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u62c5\u5fc3\u4fc4\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u65f6\u5c31\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4fc4\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u864e\u89c6\u7708\u7708\uff0c\u4f3a\u673a\u6b32\u52a8\u3002\u201d \u2463\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5bf9\u8054\u5408\u8c03\u505c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u867d\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\u673a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u201c\u505a\u51fa\u5bf9\u4e2d\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u79ef\u6781\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u201d\u2464<\/p>\n
10\u6708\u672b\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5165\u4fb5\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u4e09\u7701\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u60ca\u614c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8f6c\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u7530\u8d1d\u51fa\u9762\u8c03\u505c\u3002\u7530\u8d1d\u5bf9\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8a22\u8bf4\uff1a\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u82e5\u5e0c\u671b\u7f8e\u56fd\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u987b\u5148\u4ea4\u51fa\u4e66\u9762\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u671d\u9c9c\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u542c\u51ed\u65e5\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u4efb\u610f\u5bb0\u5272\u671d\u9c9c\u3002\u5955\u8a22\u7b49\u4eba\u4fef\u9996\u542c\u547d\uff0c\u7b54\u5e94\u7167\u529e\u3002\u7530\u8d1d\u89c1\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u53ef\u4efb\u610f\u6446\u5e03\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u65e5\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u65e0\u7a77\u52d2\u7d22\u7684\u826f\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u62cd\u7535\u62a5\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u6c47\u62a5\u4e86\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u767e\u4f9d\u767e\u987a\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c03\u505c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u300211\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u8c2d\u6069\u5411\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u8f6c\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u8bad\u4ee4\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u5411\u6000\u6709\u6700\u6df1\u7b03\u7684\u5584\u610f\uff0c\u82e5\u4e3a\u4e1c\u65b9\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u4e0b\u5c3d\u529b\u8c03\u505c\u65f6\uff0c\u672a\u6089\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e88\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u201d \u2465\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u5fc3\u9886\u795e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bae\u548c\uff0c\u4e3a\u65f6\u5c1a\u65e9\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u9700\u201c\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u65e5\u672c\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u8fd8\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u8c03\u505c\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6218\u4e89\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u5730\u5ef6\u957f\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5abe\u548c\u662f\u8fdf\u65e9\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4eba\u9009\u3002\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e8e11\u670817\u65e5\u4ee5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u7b54\u590d\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6b32\u4e3a\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u548c\u7766\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u505c\u7684\u539a\u610f\u6df1\u8868\u611f\u8c22\u3002\u60df\u81ea\u4ea4\u6218\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u5230\u5904\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u867d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u9700\u7279\u522b\u4e5e\u52a9\u53cb\u90a6\u8c03\u505c\u4ee5\u7ec8\u6b62\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7136\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u975e\u6b32\u4e58\u80dc\u53d6\u5f97\u8d85\u8d8a\u6b64\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\u9650\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1a\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5e\u548c\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5df2\u8fbe\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u65f6\u673a\u3002\u201d\u2466\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u5c45\u95f4\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f20\u9012\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u70b9\u660e\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb2\u548c\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u60df\u6050\u548c\u8bae\u901f\u5ea6\u7f13\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u6237\u90e8\u5de6\u4f8d\u90ce\u3001\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5927\u81e3\u5f20\u836b\u6853\u548c\u519b\u52a1\u7763\u529e\u5904\u6587\u6848\u666f\u661f\u524d\u5f80\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u4e0e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5546\u8ba8\u59a5\u5584\u7ed3\u675f\u6218\u4e8b\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u5c61\u6218\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4e3e\u56fd\u9a84\u72c2\uff0c\u6211\u82e5\u6d3e\u5927\u5458\u8d74\u65e5\u548c\u8c08\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u6240\u8f7b\u89c6\u3002\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5f20\u836b\u6853\u7b49\u53cd\u590d\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u6d3e\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d0b\u5458\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u65e5\u672c\u4f1a\u5546\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bd5\u63a2\u201c\u5f7c\u4e2d\u60c5\u4f2a\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6d3e\u54ea\u4f4d\u6d0b\u5458\u4e1c\u6e21\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u5929\u6d25\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u300213\u65e5\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u51fd\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5955\u8a22\uff1a\u201c\u67e5\u6709\u6d25\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\uff0c\u5728\u6d25\u4f9b\u5dee\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u5fe0\u4e8e\u4e3a\u6211\u2026\u2026\u82e5\u4ee4\u5176\u524d\u5f80\u67e5\u914c\u529e\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u76f8\u673a\u8f6c\u571c\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u6682\u4ee4\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f85\u5f90\u5546\uff0c\u4ea6\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u4e4b\u6025\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ef\uff0c\u62df\u7531\u94a7\u5904\u8fc5\u901f\u8bf7\u65e8\u6d3e\u5f80\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u4e8b\u6743\u3002\u8be5\u6d0b\u5458\u5230\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7b79\u8bae\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u7535\u5c1a\uff0c\u5373\u8f6c\u8fbe\u94a7\u7f72\u88c1\u593a\u3002\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f53\uff0c\u6089\u5019\u4e3b\u6301\u3002\u201d\u2467\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6c42\u548c\u4e4b\u5fc3\u6781\u4e3a\u8feb\u5207\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u7eb3\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6d3e\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a2\u8be2\u5abe\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u5185\u5e55<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433(Detring Gustav von 1842-1913)\uff0c\u82f1\u7c4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u30021864\u5e74(\u540c\u6cbb\u4e09\u5e74)\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\uff0c\u4e3a\u56db\u7b49\u5e2e\u529e\u30021878\u5e74(\u5149\u7eea\u56db\u5e74)\u62c5\u4efb\u5929\u6d25\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u4e00\u804c\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u628a\u6301\u5929\u6d25\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u8fbe22\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n
\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u62b1\u8d1f\u66fe\u82e6\u5fc3\u7ecf\u8425\u5e55\u5e9c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u5feb\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8058\u7528\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e55\u53cb\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u627f\u8ba4\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5e76\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u4e3a\u5176\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4f18\u539a\u7684\u85aa\u91d1\uff0c\u66f4\u88ab\u4ed6\u4efb\u7528\u4e3a\u987e\u95ee\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u6559\u4e60\u3001\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u3001\u5236\u9020\u5c40\u5e2e\u529e\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5c31\u6df1\u5f97\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u652f\u914d\u5728\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u624b\u4e0b\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4efb\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u7684\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5176\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5173\u56fd\u9645\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u4e3a\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u51fa\u8c0b\u5212\u7b56\u30021885\u5e74(\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e00\u5e74)\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u8d6b\u5fb7(\u603b\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8)\u66ff\u4ee3\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\u4e3a\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5373\u5c5e\u610f\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u63a5\u4efb\u8d6b\u5fb7\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u6700\u7ec8\u867d\u56e0\u8d6b\u5fb7\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u4efb\u800c\u4f5c\u7f62\uff0c\u4f46\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5bf9\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5374\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n
1894\u5e7411\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u643a\u5e26\u7167\u4f1a\u53ca\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u81f4\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u7684\u79c1\u51fd\u5404\u4e00\u4ef6\uff0c\u5055\u201c\u4e66\u8bb0\u5e03\u4f26\u7279\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u3001\u5c24\u91d1\u3001\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u7c73\u5947(\u7686\u7cfb\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba)\u201d \u2468\u7b49\u4ece\u5929\u6d25\u5927\u6cbd\u4e58\u5fb7\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u201c\u96f7\u6e38\u201d\u53f7\u8d74\u65e5\u3002\u4e34\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5934\u54c1\u9876\u6234\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6743\u5b9c\u6388\u4e4b\u3002\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d70\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u81f4\u51fd\u5955\u8a22\u548c\u5955\u52bb\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u5176\u5728\u65e5\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u201c\u5bc6\u7ea6\u6240\u77e5\u502d\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u9014\u63a2\u5546\uff0c\u518d\u884c\u5f80\u6664\u4f0a\u85e4\u3002\u201d \u2469\u5bf9\u4e8e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u8d8a\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7fc1\u540c\u9fa2\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\u5730\u53f9\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u8be7\u4e5f\uff01\u201d\u247e<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u6b64\u884c\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u7167\u4f1a\u5168\u6587\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5927\u6e05\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u592a\u5b50\u592a\u5085\u6587\u534e\u6bbf\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u5317\u6d0b\u901a\u5546\u5927\u81e3\u5175\u90e8\u5c1a\u4e66\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u4e00\u7b49\u8083\u6bc5\u4f2f\u7235\u674e\u4e3a\u7167\u4f1a\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7167\u5f97\u6211\u5927\u6e05\u6210\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5404\u56fd\u4ea4\u9645\u7d20\u5c1a\u5e73\u5b89\u3002\u73b0\u4e0e\u8d35\u56fd\u5c0f\u6709\u9f83\u9f89\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e72\u6208\u800c\u6613\u7389\u5e1b\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u6d82\u70ad\u751f\u7075\u3002\u4eca\u62df\u5546\u5f7c\u6b64\u6682\u996c\u6d77\u9646\u4e24\u8def\u7f62\u6218\uff0c\u672c\u5927\u81e3\u594f\u5949\u8c15\u65e8\uff1a\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5dee\u6709\u5e74\uff0c\u5fe0\u5b9e\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u8457\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5c06\u5e94\u884c\u7b79\u529e\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u8be6\u6670\u544a\u77e5\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u8fc5\u901f\u524d\u5f80\u4e1c\u6d0b\u59a5\u529e\u3002\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u5c06\u73b0\u8bae\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u7531\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5bc6\u901f\u7535\u95fb\u7b49\u56e0\u94a6\u6b64\u3002\u9075\u5373\u4ee4\u5934\u54c1\u9876\u6234\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u7acb\u5373\u9a70\u8d74\u4e1c\u4eac\u8d4d\u9001\u7167\u4f1a\u3002\u5e94\u82e5\u4f55\u8c03\u505c\u590d\u6211\u5e73\u5b89\u65e7\u4f8b\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u8bf7\u8d35\u603b\u7406\u5927\u81e3\u4e0e\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u7b79\u5546\uff0c\u8a00\u5f52\u4e8e\u597d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u7167\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf7\u70e6\u67e5\u7167\u65bd\u884c\u3002\u987b\u81f3\u7167\u4f1a\u8005\u3002\u201d\u247f<\/p>\n
\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u79c1\u51fd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u7167\u4f1a\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u4e2d\u7528\u8bcd\u66f4\u4e3a\u6073\u5207\u3002\u9996\u5148\u56de\u987e\u4ed6\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u4e0e\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u4f1a\u6664\u65f6\u7ed3\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c08\u5230\u5e94\u4f7f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5927\u5c40\u8d8b\u5411\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u548c\u5c40\u4e2d\u8f8d\uff0c\u6218\u7978\u7e41\u5174\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u751f\u7075\u540c\u7f79\u5175\u71f9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5ff5\u53ca\uff0c\u826f\u7528\u60cb\u60dc\uff01\u672c\u5927\u81e3\u65e5\u591c\u82e6\u601d\uff0c\u5180\u5f97\u5584\u7b56\uff0c\u4ffe\u6c34\u9646\u4e4b\u6218\u4e00\u5207\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u201d\u2480\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u505c\u6218\u53ca\u7b7e\u8ba2\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u542c\u53d6\u65e5\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u89c1 \u201c\u8bf7\u95ee\u8d35\u56fd\u547d\u610f\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u4e0e\u592b\u505c\u6b62\u6218\u52a1\u91cd\u8ba2\u548c\u7ea6\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u201d \u2481\u5728\u4fe1\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8bc9\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406\uff0c\u56fe\u52a8\u4e4b\u4ee5\u60c5\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u9614\u522b\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u60f3\u8d35\u7235\u5927\u81e3\u5f53\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6614\u5e74\u60c5\u4e8b\uff0c\u76f8\u5370\u4ee5\u5fc3\u4e5f\u3002\u4e13\u6b64\u5e03\u81c6\u2026\u2026\u201d\u2482<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8854\u547d\u8d74\u65e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u63a5\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u6765\u7535\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u8bb8\u7f8e\u56fd\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u7f8e\u603b\u7edf\u5df2\u6d3e\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5458\u3001\u9a7b\u4e1c\u4eac\u516c\u4f7f\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u901a\u7535\u529e\u7406\u3002\u53c8\u7f8e\u56fd\u613f\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c45\u95f4\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u751a\u4e3a\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u60df\u4e2d\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u884c\u6d3e\u5458\u524d\u5f80\u8bf7\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4e4b\u4e8b\u81ea\u7136\u987a\u9002\u3002\u201d\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7acb\u5373\u8f6c\u62a5\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u300227\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u7530\u8d1d\u63a5\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u8c2d\u6069\u7684\u6765\u7535\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6240\u8a00\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bf4\u548c\u5927\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u3002\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d3e\u5934\u7b49\u5168\u6743\u5927\u81e3\u4e0e\u65e5\u6240\u6d3e\u5927\u81e3\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u8bb2\u548c\u505c\u6218\u3002\u201d \u2483\u8c2d\u6069\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u6765\u7535\u6240\u4f20\u4e0d\u5047\uff0c\u4f7f\u67a2\u5e9c\u8bf8\u81e3\u611f\u5230\u5174\u594b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u4e00\u4e8b\u672c\u662f\u79d8\u5bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7eb8\u91cc\u7ec8\u7a76\u5305\u4e0d\u4f4f\u706b\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u8fd8\u662f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e86\u3002\u8d6b\u5fb7\u572811\u670825\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5df2\u53bb\u65e5\u8bbf\u6664\u4f0a\u85e4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u53d6\u5f97\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e1c\u4eac\u6216\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u516c\u4f7f\u540c\u65e5\u65b9\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u5462\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff1f\u5c1a\u5f85\u5206\u6653\u3002\u201d \u2484\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5199\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5c1a\u5728\u8d74\u65e5\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c03\u505c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u7530\u8d1d\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u963b\u6b62\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u5982\u5df2\u62b5\u65e5\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f00\u8c08\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u5c06\u6492\u624b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u3002\u5955\u8a22\u7b49\u4eba\u6df1\u6050\u5728\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u5f97\u7f6a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u5df2\u5e94\u5141\u8bb2\u548c\uff0c\u518d\u6d3e\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u5df2\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4fbf\u7531\u5b59\u6bd3\u6c76\u3001\u5f90\u7528\u4eea\u7d27\u6025\u81f4\u7535\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\uff1a\u201c\u65e2\u7ecf\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u4e3a\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u81ea\u8f83\u9063\u4eba\u5f80\u8bf4\u4e3a\u5f97\u4f53\uff0c\u4e14\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u7530\u4f7f\u9762\u5546\u8f83\u614e\u5bc6\u3002\u201d \u2485\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u4e5f\u706b\u901f\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\u963b\u6b62\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e1c\u6e21\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u62b5\u8fbe\u795e\u6237\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e0a\u5cb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5175\u5e93\u53bf\u77e5\u4e8b\u5468\u5e03\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3a\u8bb2\u548c\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u9762\u89c1\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\uff0c\u5448\u4ea4\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u624b\u4e66\u300227\u65e5\uff0c\u5468\u5e03\u516c\u5e73\u5c06\u6b64\u4e8b\u7528\u7535\u62a5\u8f6c\u8fbe\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u3002\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7acb\u5373\u81f4\u7535\u5728\u5e7f\u5c9b\u7684\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8bf7\u6c42\u9762\u4f1a\u8d35\u5927\u81e3\u4e4b\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u636e\u655d\u4eba\u6240\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8be5\u4eba\u643a\u5e26\u6240\u8c13\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e66\u51fd\u4ea6\u5927\u62b5\u4e0e\u8fd1\u6765\u6e05\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u5916\u56fd\u660e\u8a00\u8005\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4ea6\u5fc5\u4e3a\u6211\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u201d\u2486\u7535\u62a5\u53d1\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u611f\u5230\u610f\u72b9\u672a\u5c3d\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u81f4\u7535\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6709\u5173\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8003\u8651\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u60a8\u6216\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u5f85\u4ed6\uff0c\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7ed9\u60a8\u7684\u4fe1\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u51fa\u9884\u5148\u901a\u77e5\u540e\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u5176\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5b98\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5e26\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u53d7\u6211\u65b9\u9f13\u52b1\u4e4b\u8ff9\u8c61\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8d6b\u5fb7(Robert Hart)\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u800c\u4efb\u547d\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e3a\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u5217\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u63a5\u5e72\u6d89\u4e4b\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u575a\u51b3\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u8981\u63a5\u89c1\u4ed6\uff0c\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7b7e\u7f72\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u2487<\/p>\n
\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7684\u8fd9\u5c01\u7535\u62a5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5916\u56fd\u63d2\u624b\u8bae\u548c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u5916\u4ea4\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u63a5\u5230\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u5185\u9601\u4e66\u8bb0\u5b98\u957f\u4f0a\u4e1c\u5df2\u4ee3\u6cbb\u81f3\u795e\u6237\u529e\u7406\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5728\u795e\u6237\u7b49\u4e86\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u65e5\u65b9\u7684\u660e\u786e\u7b54\u590d\uff0c\u53ea\u6536\u5230\u5468\u5e03\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u6240\u643a\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u8d28(\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u4fe1\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff1f)\u3001\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u6b64\u884c\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u884c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5f53\u5373\u590d\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e00\u5730\u4f5c\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u7684\u7ea6\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d77\u8349\u81f4\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u503e\u542c\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u5426\u56e0\u5f97\u5230\u9601\u4e0b\u7684\u8bb2\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8c28\u671b\u9601\u4e0b\u5bf9\u6b64\u4fe1\u6216\u524d\u4fe1\u4e88\u4ee5\u7b54\u590d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u8c08\u5224\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u6b64\u5185\u5bb9\u7535\u544a\u4e2d\u56fd\u603b\u7763\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u9601\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u901a\u77e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5f53\u5f97\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u6240\u6388\u4e4b\u5168\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u8bae\u548c\u6761\u7ea6\u6b63\u6587\u524d\u9875\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u6211\u5192\u6627\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u9601\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u603b\u7763\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5404\u70b9\u3002\u201d(21)\u5728\u53d1\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5c06\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u7167\u4f1a\u4e00\u5e76\u9644\u4e0a\u90ae\u5bc4\u5e7f\u5c9b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4fe1\u672b\u544a\u77e5\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5df2\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eca\u665a\u79bb\u5f00\u795e\u6237\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u7b54\u590d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5bf9\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u4e0e\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u4e3b\u5f20\u575a\u51b3\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u614e\u91cd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fde\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\u201c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u4e00\u4eba\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e14\u74e6\u89e3\u4ea6\u8feb\u5728\u65e6\u5915\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5df2\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u5929\u6d25\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e00\u884c\u5982\u63d0\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6211\u4f1a\u9762\u800c\u542c\u4ece\u6211\u4e4b\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u51b3\u5fc3\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d(22)\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u4f1a\u89c1\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u4e24\u4eba\u76f8\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u54e5\u7279\u65af\u7c73\u5fb7\u572828\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\u7ed9\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u6253\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u5360\u4e86\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u63a5\u5230\u7535\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u81f4\u7535\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u521a\u521a\u6253\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u6253\u6765\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5efa\u8bae\u63a5\u89c1\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u6211\u552f\u6050\u63a5\u89c1\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u5e72\u6d89\u4e4b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u7533\u6211\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u201d(23)\u9646\u5965\u5b97\u5149\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u53e3\u6c14\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u89c1\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u7684\u6307\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e1c\u5df2\u4ee3\u6cbb\u8ba9\u5175\u5e93\u53bf\u77e5\u4e8b\u5468\u5e03\u516c\u5e73\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u201c\u3220\u53f0\u7aef\u4e43\u975e\u7ecf\u6b63\u5f53\u624b\u7eed\u7684\u4f7f\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u53f0\u7aef\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u3221\u4eca\u4e24\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u4ea4\u6218\uff0c\u5018\u6709\u4e8b\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f53\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u5b9e\u6548\u4e4b\u8d44\u683c\u4eba\u524d\u6765\u3002\u3222\u5373\u4f7f\u5e26\u6709\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u4e66\u51fd\uff0c\u800c\u6b32\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d3e\u9063\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f7f\u8282\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u540f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u6743\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7406\u7531,\u603b\u7406\u5927\u81e3\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u53f0\u7aef\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u53c8\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e66\u51fd\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u201d(24)<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5468\u5e03\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e00\u8a00\u672a\u53d1\uff0c\u53ea\u8bf4\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5373\u523b\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u65e5\u63a5\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u7535\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5df3\u627f\u8bfa\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ef2\u88c1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u987b\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u9017\u7559\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u4e66\u51fd\uff0c\u5df2\u4e8e\u672c\u65e5\u90ae\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4f0a\u85e4\u4f2f\u7235\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e4b\u7535\u62a5\u4e43\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u7531\u5929\u6d25\u5fb7\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u81f4\u795e\u6237\u8be5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u8005\u3002\u201d(25)<\/p>\n
11\u670829\u65e5\u6668\u516d\u65f6\u96f6\u4e94\u5206\uff0c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u4e00\u884c\u4ecd\u4e58\u201c\u96f7\u6e38\u201d\u53f7\u7531\u795e\u6237\u8fd4\u56de\u5929\u6d25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u6765\u53bb\u5306\u5306\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u51fa\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bae\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e8f\u66f2\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u5192\u7136\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u6005\u7136\u800c\u8fd4\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u7686\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5947\u3002\u201d(26)\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u7efc\u89c2\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u5e76\u65e0\u5947\u602a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u65e0\u5fc3\u5e94\u6218\u3002\u5e1d\u515a\u867d\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e5e\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u201c\u9edc\u4e8c\u5983\uff0c\u6740\u5185\u76d1\uff0c\u65a5\u6587\u5ef7\u5f0f\uff0c\u64a4\u5fd7\u9510\u201d\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u6562\u518d\u516c\u5f00\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5c48\u670d\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u201c\u5185\u4f9d\u5955\u8a22\uff0c\u5916\u9760\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\uff0c\u201d(27)\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5bc4\u6258\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u65e5\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u65e0\u80fd\u5df2\u66b4\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u4f1a\u5546\u88ab\u62d2\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5176\u5e76\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5458\uff0c\u6240\u643a\u7684\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7167\u4f1a\u5e76\u975e\u56fd\u4e66\u4e3a\u7531\u800c\u4e0d\u4e88\u63a5\u5f85\uff1b\u4f46\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e8b\u201c\u770b\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u63a2\u77e5\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201d(28)\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u84c4\u610f\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u4e58\u6210\u529f\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u6781\u7aef\u4e4b\u671b\u201d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5219\u6b65\u6b65\u7d27\u903c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u4efb\u547d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3001\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5168\u6743\u5927\u81e3\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5c06\u5728\u4e24\u56fd\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5ba3\u5e03\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u540c\u610f\u7ec8\u6b62\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d(29)\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u66a7\u6627\u201d\u5728\u5f3a\u76d7\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5200\u4fce\u3001\u6211\u4e3a\u9c7c\u8089\u201d\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6d3e\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u51fa\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7531\u795e\u6237\u542f\u822a\u524d\u7ed9\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\u7684\u4fe1\u51fd\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5916\u754c\u4ecd\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u65e0\u5abe\u548c\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u63f4\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5abe\u548c\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5219\u91c7\u53d6\u5abe\u548c\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u82e5\u81f3\u65c5\u987a\u53e3\u9677\u843d\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u52bf\u5fc5\u6210\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6545\u6c42\u907f\u5f00\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u201d (30)\u4ee5\u4e0a\u79cd\u79cd\u867d\u7136\u662f\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5fb7\u7480\u7433\u8d74\u65e5\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51c6\u5907\u8bae\u548c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u201d\u76f8\u53bb\u5341\u4e07\u516b\u5343\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
1895\u5e744\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9a6c\u5173\u57ce\u7b7e\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u6311\u8d77\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e27\u6743\u8fb1\u56fd\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5468\u7231\u6c11 \u300a\u9a6c\u5173\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u66fe\u5f15\u8d77\u4f17\u591a\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u62dc\u8bfb\u5404\u4f4d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[7128,95,7129],"views":1885,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27732"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27732"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27738,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27732\/revisions\/27738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}