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\u4e00\u3001\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u53ca\u5176\u7236\u5144<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u91cc\u751f\uff08Martin C\uff0eMorrison\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cMorrison\u662f\u82f1\u7f8e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u3002\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e13\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bcd\u5178\u300b \u6536\u5f55\u4e86\u5341\u56db\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6765\u534e\u7684\u59d3Morrison\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u5c5eRobert Morrison\uff081782\uff0d1834\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c49\u5b57\u53eb\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u3002\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u4ece1807\u5e74\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5230\u6b7b\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u5728\u534e25\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u9996\u521b\u4e4b\u529f\uff1a\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u6559\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u7956\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u6559\u4f1a\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8005\uff1b\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u5370\u5237\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6c49\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300a\u534e\u82f1\u5b57\u5178\u300b\uff1b\u300a\u5bdf\u4e16\u4fd7\u6bcf\u6708\u7edf\u7eaa\u4f20\u300b\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u4e2d\u6587\u6708\u520a\uff1b\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7ecf\u5178\u300a\u4e09\u5b57\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u7b49\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8001\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u53eb\u4f5cJohn Robert Morrison\uff081814\u20141843\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u751f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6fb3\u95e8\uff0c\u662f\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u7684\u539f\u914d\u592b\u4eba\u739b\u4e3d\u751f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff08\u957f\u5b50\u592d\u6298\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7cbe\u901a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5341\u516d\u5c81(1830\u5e74)\u5c31\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u4f5c\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u8bd1\uff0c1833\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u52a1\u6307\u5357\u201d(Chinese Commercial Guide)\u30021839\u5e74\u6797\u5219\u5f90\u5230\u5e7f\u4e1c\u67e5\u7981\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u4e2d\u82f1\u4ea4\u6d89\u65e5\u7e41\uff0c\u82f1\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u591a\u7531\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u7ecf\u624b\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u76f4\u5230\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u30021843\u5e74\uff0c\u4efb\u9999\u6e2f\u7acb\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u517c\u9999\u6e2f\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u4e66\u7684\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u6b7b\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u3002\u4ece\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cMorrison\u8bd1\u540d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u591a\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u79e7\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\u5199\u4f5c\u201c\u9a6c\u5229\u900a\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u7b79\u529e\u5937\u52a1\u59cb\u672b\u300b\u8bd1\u4f5c\u9a6c\u5c65\u900a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70df\u53f0\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8bMorrison\uff0c\u4e0e\u8001\u3001\u5c0f\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u3002\u539f\u6765\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u3001\u9a6c\u5112\u7ff0\u7684\u5f02\u6bcd\u5f1f\u5f1f\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\uff08Martin C\uff0eMorrison\uff0c1826\u20141870\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u7684\u539f\u914d\u592b\u4eba1821\u5e746\u6708\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c1824\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u9a6c\u793c\u900a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7eed\u5f26\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff0c1826\u5e74\u4e3e\u5bb6\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u751f\u4e864\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u751f\u6d3b\u52301833\u5e74\u5e95\u624d\u968f\u5176\u6bcd\u8fd4\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u8fd8\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8457\u540d\u5730\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u53f2\u7565\u300b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u9b4f\u6e90\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u6d77\u56fd\u56fe\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u53f2\u7565\u300b\u8fbe60\u5904\u3002\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5199\u51fa\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u53f2\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u662f\u6ca1\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u6c49\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u8bd1\u4e1b \u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u300b\u63d0\u5230\u4ed61850\u5e74\u5373\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c01\u67d0\u4eba\u5199\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u4fe1\u4ef6\u30021855\u5e7410\u6708\u53a6\u95e8\u7ec5\u5546\u62a8\u51fb\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u8d29\u5356\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u63ed\u5e16\u4f20\u5355\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u8005\u8bd1\u8005\u4ea6\u4e3a\u9a6c\u7406\u751f(M\uff0eC\uff0eMorrison\uff0c\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u83ab\u91cc\u900a)\u30021857\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff08Robert Fortune\uff1aA Residence Among the Chinese\uff09\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5199\u9053\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u526f\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u6469\u91cc\u900a\u5148\u751f\uff08M\uff0eC\uff0eMorrison\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u4e3a\u8bbe\u79df\u754c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u4e89<\/strong>\u5730<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u56db\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\uff08Martin C\uff0eMorrison\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u5148\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u79df\u5730\u754c\u5740\uff0c\u7167\u4f1a\u8463\u6b65\u4e91\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\uff0c\u53d1\u8fbe\u751f\u624d\u7167\u4f1a\u738b\u542f\u66fe\u3002\u8463\u6b65\u4e91\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u56fd\u6307\u5b9a\u754c\u5740\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u5c71\u4ee5\u5357\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9762\u79ef\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e24\u56fd\u4f1a\u5546\u518d\u529e\u3002\u5d07\u82b3\u5230\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u7167\u4f1a\u4e24\u56fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u8bf7\u793a\u4e0a\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u591a\u6b21\u4f1a\u5546\u529e\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e24\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u8ba9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5d07\u82b3\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u6cd5\u56fd\u529e\u7406\u79df\u5730\uff0c\u5219\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u5df2\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u623f\u5c4b\u53ef\u8fc1\u3002\u5927\u6982\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u521a\u521a\u5c06\u8859\u7f72\u8fc1\u5f80\u70df\u53f0\uff0c\u89e6\u666f\u751f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u62df\u51fa\u6298\u4e2d\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4ecd\u7531\u9a6c\u7406\u751f\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u4f4f\u6240\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u6309\u539f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6240\u79df\u5730\u4e2d\u62e8\u7ed9\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u53d1\u8fbe\u751f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7167\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u8fbe\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6ecb\u5927\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u798f\u5f00\u68ee\u3002\u798f\u5f00\u68ee\uff081818\u20131890\uff09\u5168\u540dThomas Tierney Fergusson\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u6559\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1844\u5e74\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u6559\u533a\u670d\u52a1\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5176\u4eb2\u621a\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u9c8d\u767b\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5bcc\u52d2\u59c6\u6350\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\uff0c1848\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8be5\u6559\u5802\u7684\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u4ee5\u6765\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\u30021854\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e0e\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u5b89\u5a1c\u672a\u5c65\u6cd5\u5b9a\u884c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u514d\u804c\uff0c1856\u5e74\u79bb\u5f00\u82f1\u56fd\u30021861\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u70df\u53f0\u5f00\u529e\u201c\u6ecb\u5927\u6d0b\u884c\u201d\uff08Fergusson & Co.\uff09\u30021862\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\u51fa\u4e00\u540d\u7267\u5e08\u5230\u70df\u53f0\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u8d44\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u70df\u53f0\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u5e94\u5bf9\u79df\u5c9b\u7684\u9e35\u9e1f\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e8b\u5df2\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u53ea\u597d\u8bbe\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u6562\u5f53\u9762\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5ba3\u79f0\u6b64\u4e43\u5d07\u82b3\u529e\u4e8b\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u8981\u53c2\u594f\u5904\u5206\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u82f1\u6cd5\u80fd\u6709\u987e\u5fcc\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8349\u8349\u6536\u573a\u2014\u2014\u771f\u53ef\u8c13\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u5916\u4ea4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u516d\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5267\u672c\u7684\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

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