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1828\u5e74\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u836f\u5242\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6bd5\u5e0c\u7eb3\uff08Johann Buchner\uff09\u4ece\u6b62\u75bc\u7528\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u82e6\u5473\u9ec4\u8272\u9488\u72b6\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6676\u4f53\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\uff08salicin\uff09\u3002\u800c\u65e9\u57281826\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5948\u7279\u5229\uff08Brugnatelli\uff09\u548c\u65b9\u5854\u7eb3\uff08Fontana\uff09\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7eaf\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\u30021829\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u96f7\u6d1b\u514b\u65af\uff08Henri Leroux\uff09\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece1.5kg\u7684\u6811\u76ae\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e8630g\u7684\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u52301829\u5e74\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u539f\u6765\u67f3\u6811\u76ae\u4e2d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u542b\u6709\u4e86\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u624d\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6b62\u75bc\u548c\u9000\u70e7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u30021838\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u6590\u5c14\u00b7\u76ae\u5c14\uff08Raffaele Piria\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u6c34\u6768\u82f7\u5236\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u9488\u72b6\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6676\u4f53\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u6c34\u6768\u9178\uff08salicylic acid\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u7eaf\u7684\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u30021839\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u4ece\u7ee3\u7ebf\u83ca\u5c5e\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u3002\u968f\u7740\u63d0\u7eaf\u6280\u672f\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u6c34\u6768\u9178\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53ca\u5176\u76d0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6b62\u75bc\u836f\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5b5d\u987a\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8001\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u7528\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u76d0\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u8282\u708e\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u9a71\u9664\u5173\u8282\u708e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u548c\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u76d0\u5728\u6b62\u75bc\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u540c\u6837\u975e\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b62\u75bc\u836f\u80fd\u7ed9\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5634\u90e8\u3001\u54bd\u5589\u3001\u80c3\u90e8\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u80c3\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u8179\u6cfb\uff0c\u5455\u5410\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5242\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u8bdd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u75c5\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u8001\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u5728\u7528\u836f\u9a71\u9664\u5173\u8282\u708e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75bc\u75db\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5fcd\u53d7\u670d\u836f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u770b\u5230\u8001\u7236\u4eb2\u906d\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u840c\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6b62\u75bc\u6548\u679c\u7684\u836f\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u4e86\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e9\u57281853\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u845b\u54c8\u5fb7\uff08Charles Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gerhardt\uff09\u5c31\u9996\u6b21\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\uff08acetylsalicylic acid\uff09\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u845b\u54c8\u5fb7\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5176\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63d0\u7eaf\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u516d\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728 1859\u5e74\uff0c\u51e1\u00b7\u57fa\u5c14\u59c6\uff08von Gilm\uff09\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u9ad8\u7eaf\u5ea6\uff08\u5206\u6790\u7eaf\uff09\u7684\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u5c14\u59c6\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c10\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8212\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Schr?der\uff09\u3001\u666e\u6797\u5179\u970d\u5c14\uff08 Prinzhorn\uff09 \u548c\u514b\u62c9\u4e4c\u7279\uff08 Kraut\uff09\u8bc1\u660e\u845b\u54c8\u5fb7\u548c\u57fa\u5c14\u59c6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u53d8\u8eab\u4e3a\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u8be5\u8f6e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5b5d\u987a\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d39\u5229\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u572829\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7236\u4eb2\u514d\u53d7\u5173\u8282\u708e\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u670d\u7528\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u76d0\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u9020\u798f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u559c\u60a6\u548c\u60b2\u4f24\uff0c\u60c5\u8282\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7adf\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u9634\u8c0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f20\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u786e\u5bcc\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u542c\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ddf\u51ef\u5e93\u52d2\u90a3\u795e\u5947\u7684\u68a6\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u65e0\u8da3\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u56de\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u5f88\u5bf9\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u660e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u4eca\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u67af\u71e5\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8010\u70e6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u8d39\u5229\u514b\u65af\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8001\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u51e0\u5929\u5c31\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281897\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u540d\u4e3aChemische Fabrik von Heyden\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u8fd9\u6837\u54cd\u5f53\u5f53\u7684\u5546\u6807\u540d\u3002\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f53\u4f5c\u836f\u7269\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e59\u9170\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u539f\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5c31\u8bf4\u662f\u8d39\u5229\u514b\u65af\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5728\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u9664\u4e86\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5728\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u90e8\u7684\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u548c\u8d1f\u8d23\u836f\u7269\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u90e8\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5fb7\u745e\u745f\uff08Heinrich Dreser\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6b63\u5728\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5fb7\u745e\u745f\u8ddf\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u836f\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4f2f\u4e50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5374\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u540d\u5229\u53cc\u6536\u3002\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u548c\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u540c\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u8ba2\u8fc7\u4e00\u4efd\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4efd\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u53d1\u660e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u5229\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u3002\u800c\u5fb7\u745e\u745f\u4e5f\u8ddf\u62dc\u5c14\u516c\u53f8\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u9879\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u548c\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u963f\u53f8\u5339\u6797\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u5206\u94b1\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u5fb7\u745e\u745f\u5728\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u5bcc\u7fc1\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u5012\u9709\u7684\u827e\u5174\u683c\u6797\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u6210\u4f20\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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