\u6765\u6e90: \u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f51<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u6709\u4f55\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u52a8\u5411\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u66a8\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f51\uff1a\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u80fd\u5426\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u5960\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u9646\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u67d4\u514b\u4e49\uff08William Rockhill,1854-1914\uff09\u3001\u52b3\u4f5b\uff08Berthold Laufer, 1874-1934\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9b4f\u590d\u53e4\uff08Karl Wittfogel,1896-1988\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u67d4\u514b\u4e49\u66fe\u7559\u5b66\u6cd5\u56fd\uff1b\u52b3\u4f5b\u4e0e\u9b4f\u590d\u53e4\u7686\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u8eab\u3002\u6b27\u9646\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\uff08Paul Pelliot,1878-1945\uff09\u4e00\u7cfb\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u8fdc\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u59821928\u81f31929\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\u66fe\u53d7\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u8058\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u8d74\u7f8e\u6388\u8bfe\uff1b1935\u5e74\u67ef\u7acb\u592b\uff08Francis Cleaves,1911-1995\uff09\u53d7\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u71d5\u4eac\u5b66\u793e\u8d44\u52a9\u524d\u5f80\u5df4\u9ece\u7559\u5b66\u5e08\u4ece\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u8be5\u6821\u5185\u9646\u4e9a\u6d32\uff08Inner Asia\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u30021961\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u5e08\u4e8b\u4f2f\u5e0c\u548c\u7684\u585e\u8bfa\uff08Denis Sinor,1916-2011\uff09\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8f6c\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u6821\u4e2d\u592e\u6b27\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u6b27\u9646\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u4f20\u7edf\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4e4f\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u6000\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u4e60\u85cf\u8bed\u6587\u7684\u67d4\u514b\u4e49\u672c\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u4e8e1905\u20141909\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u4efb\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u9a7b\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u51761910\u5e74\u4e8e\u300a\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u520a\u8f7d\u4e4b\u957f\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300a1644\u20141908\u5e74\u62c9\u8428\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ee1\u6d32\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff08The Dalai Lamas of Lhasa and Their Relations with the Manchu Emperors of China,1644-1908\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5206\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5185\u5730\u4e0e\u85cf\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u8fc7\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u67d4\u514b\u4e49\uff0c\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\uff08Owen Lattimore,1900-1989\uff09\u7acb\u57fa\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6b27\u6587\u00b7\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5728\u91cd\u5e86<\/p>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f51\uff1a\u60a8\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u548c\u56fd\u5171\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u90fd\u6709\u6765\u5f80\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u5f70\u663e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\uff1a\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5212\u5206\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6c49\u5b66\u3002\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u57df\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5185\u9646\u4e9a\u6d32\uff1b\u5c31\u5b66\u672f\u8303\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u6df1\u53d7\u6b27\u9646\u4f20\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c49\u5b66\u4ea6\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\u5b66\u672f\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5956\u52a9\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5468\u6e38\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u5185\u8499\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u5317\u7b49\u5730\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u9662\u6d3e\u6c49\u5b66\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u7684\u6cbb\u5b66\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u7ed3\u5408\u73b0\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u89d2\u8bd5\u56fe\u89c2\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u5185\u9646\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u81f3\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u95f4\u7684\u5728\u534e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5982\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bd3\u5c45\u5317\u4eac\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u534e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u58eb\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5176\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u4efb\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5173\u6000\u5185\u4e9a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u8bae\u9898\u65b9\u9762\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u62c9\u94c1\u6469\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u592a\u591a\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u95f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u7f8e\u56fd\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7531\u4ee5\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\uff08John Fairbank,1907-1991\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6cbf\u5cb8\u6d77\u5173\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u4e9a\u8fb9\u7586\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u76f8\u5f62\u5931\u8272\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f51\uff1a\u4e8c\u6218\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u6218\u7565\u6709\u6240\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u7530\u6e05\u6ce2\uff08Antoine Mostaert,1881-1971\uff09\u3001\u9c8d\u57f9\uff08Nicholas Poppe,1897-1991\uff09\u7b49\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u9646\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u5b66\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u672d\u5947\u65af\u94a6\uff08Jagchid Sechen,1915-2009\uff09\u3001\u8d21\u5e03\u624e\u5e03\u676d\u9526\uff08GombojabHangin,1921-1989\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8428\u8fe6\u8fbe\u94a6\u4ec1\u6ce2\u5207\uff08JigdalDagchen Sakya Rinpoche,1929-2016\uff09\u7b49\u8499\u85cf\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53d7\u9080\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u8bb2\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u540e\u56e0\u73b0\u5b9e\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0d\u557b\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u7814\u7a76\u518d\u6dfb\u65b0\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u5398\u6e05\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u76f4\u5230\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u5730\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u6563\u843d\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u5b66\u3001\u85cf\u5b66\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5b66\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9a\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6c49\u5b66\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u82cf\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u533a\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u98ce\u6f6e\u4e0b\u6240\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5730\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u4ee5\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e00\u679d\u72ec\u79c0\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c1945\u5e74\u81f31991\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8005\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u76f8\u5bf9\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u5728\u5185\u9646\u4e9a\u6d32\u6216\u8005\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
1991\u5e74\u82cf\u8054\u89e3\u4f53\u540e\uff0c\u5185\u4e9a\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u53bb\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u53d1\u5c55\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u8fc7\u53bb\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\uff08Sovietology\uff09\u56e0\u5931\u53bb\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u4ece\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u8d39\u906d\u5230\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u7b49\u5730\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u4e8b\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u843d\u5343\u4e08\uff0c\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u8fde\u5e26\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7531\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u8d39\u7f29\u51cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9010\u6b65\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9020\u6210\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u5206\u6821\u7b49\u8fc7\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u9547\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6536\u644a\uff0c\u4ec5\u5269\u4e0b\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u5e03\u5362\u660e\u987f\u5206\u6821\u57281993\u5e74\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u2014\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5b66\u7cfb\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u6b27\u4e9a\u5b66\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b64\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u7cfb\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u5728\u5085\u793c\u521d\uff08Joseph Fletcher, 1934-1984\uff09\u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e74\u8fc8\u7684\u67ef\u7acb\u592b\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5185\u4e9a\u4e0e\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Committee on Inner Asian and Altaic Studies\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u540e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u73b0\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u8f6c\u5165\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4ee5\u85cf\u5b66\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u5e2d\u804c\u4f4d\u9664\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u5b66\u5185\u7684\u4f5b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c2002\u5e74\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u85cf\u7814\u7a76\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5e76\u8058\u8bf7\u6ed5\u534e\u745e\uff08GrayTuttle\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u8fd8\u57281999\u5e74\u4e8e\u9b4f\u5fb7\u6d77\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Weatherhead East Asian Institute\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u4e00\u8dc3\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u65e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5b66\u6797\u516c\u8ba4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u85cf\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u673a\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4ee5\u53ca\u68b5\u85cf\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u52d8\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u964d\u7684\u897f\u85cf\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u85cf\u6c49\u6ee1\u8499\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7a81\u7834\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u5370\u85cf\u4f5b\u5b66\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u85cf\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6559\u7814\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5185\u4e9a\u7cfb\u9010\u6b65\u8f6c\u5f80\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u4e3b\u6d41\u7531\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u5f80\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff01990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ee1\u5b66\u4e0e\u85cf\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u5efa\u5236\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5916\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u8499\u53e4\u53f2\u5bb6\u827e\u9a9b\u5fb7\uff08ChristopherAtwood\uff09\u8fd1\u5e74\u4ece\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u5e03\u5362\u660e\u987f\u5206\u6821\u4e2d\u592e\u6b27\u4e9a\u5b66\u7cfb\u8f6c\u5f80\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7cfb\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u8499\u53e4\u5b66\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1f\u4ecd\u503c\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u7f51\uff1a\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u5f0f\u5fae\uff0c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5b54\u4ee4\u4f1f\uff1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u540e\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u7814\u7a76\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u9010\u6b65\u8427\u6761\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5374\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u800c\u6108\u52a0\u53d7\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5219\u5177\u4f53\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u601d\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u7acb\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u6d77\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u51b2\u51fb\u2014\u56de\u5e94\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u6f6e\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5982\u67ef\u4fdd\u5b89\uff08Paul Cohen\uff09\u300a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5386\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c2\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u300b\uff08Discovering History in China: American Historical Writing on the Recent Chinese Past\uff09\u7b49\u4e00\u6279\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89c2\u201d\u5bf9\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u7684\u201c\u51b2\u51fb\u2014\u56de\u5e94\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u56de\u5e94\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6279\u5982\u7f85\u53cb\u679d\uff08Evelyn Rawski\uff09\u3001\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7\uff08Mark Elliott\uff09\u4e0e\u67ef\u5a07\u71d5\uff08Pamela Crossley\uff09\u7b49\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53cd\u601d\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e2d\u539f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6216\u8005\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u5916\u754c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u201d\uff08New Qing History\uff09\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7406\u8def\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u201d\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6216\u8005\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05\u3001\u4f55\u70b3\u68e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5de8\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8003\u5bdf\u7f85\u53cb\u679d\u3001\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7\u4e0e\u67ef\u5a07\u71d5\u7b49\u4eba\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u91cd\u89c6\u6ee1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f4d\u89c6\u89d2\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u53f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u8005\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5c31\u5b66\u79d1\u8bad\u7ec3\u80cc\u666f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6ee1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6e05\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u5185\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u800c\u975e\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u5085\u793c\u521d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5085\u793c\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e05\u4ee3\u6ee1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u4e0e\u6c49\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u591a\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6ee1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u62b1\u6301\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7<\/p>\n
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\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u7f85\u53cb\u679d\u3001\u6b27\u7acb\u5fb7\u4e0e\u67ef\u5a07\u71d5\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b27\u9646\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5bf9\u7d27\u5bc6\u5e76\u4e14\u51fa\u8eab\u81ea\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u72c4\u5b87\u5b99\uff08Nicola Di Cosmo\uff09\u3001\u827e\u9a9b\u5fb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u827e\u9e3f\u5c55\uff08Johan Elverskog\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u867d\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u6ee1\u6587\u53f2\u6599\u64b0\u5199\u6e05\u53f2\u76f8\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u6e05\u53f2\u201d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u4e9a\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u4f20\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u539f\u5185\u5730\u4e0e\u6ee1\u8499\u85cf\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f80\u6765\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u89c6\u591a\u8bed\u79cd\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5b66\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u65cf\u533a\u5206\u7684\u8de8\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u89c1\u5c06\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u8fd1\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5173\u4e8e\u6ee1\u6d32\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u95f4\u5f80\u6765\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u4ee5\u5b8b\u5ff5\u7533\u300a\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5236\u9020\u7586\u754c\uff1a1881-1919\u5e74\u56fe\u4eec\u6c5f\u52d8\u754c\u300b\uff08Making Borders in Modern East Asia: The Tumen River Demarcation, 1881\u20131919\uff09\u3001\u738b\u5143\u5d07\u300a\u91cd\u5851\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a1616-1911\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u6ee1\u9c9c\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff08Remaking the Chinese Empire: Manchu-Korean Relations, 1616\u20131911\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u7531\u7f8e\u300a\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u86f9\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9102\u4f26\u6625\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u6e05\u671d\u8fb9\u7586\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u300b\uff08Ethnic Chrysalis: China’s Orochen People and the Legacy of Qing Borderland Administration\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u6211\u548c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u65b0\u4e66\u4f5c\u8005\u8fde\u540c\u7f57\u53cb\u679d\uff0c\u5c06\u57282019\u5e743\u6708\u4e8e\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u6d32\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\uff08Association for AsianStudies\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u573a\u8bba\u6587\u7ec4\u91cd\u70b9\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u63a2\u8ba8\u8de8\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8de8\u5883\u89c6\u91ce\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f3a\u8c03\u5236\u5ea6\u53f2\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u6ee1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7f6e\u6362\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6838\u5fc3\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u8fb9\u7586\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u843d\u5b9e\u5c06\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8fd1\u5e74\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53f2\uff08globalhistory\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8c22\u5065\uff08JonathanSchlesinger\uff09\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u88d8\u2014\u2014\u91ce\u7269\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u57df\u4e0e\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8fb9\u7f18\u300b\uff08A World Trimmed with FurWild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule\uff09\u5c06\u6e05\u4ee3\u8fb9\u7586\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5341\u516b\u3001\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5168\u7403\u76ae\u8349\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u4e0b\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u98ce\u6f6e\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fb9\u7586\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6108\u8d8b\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6ee1\u6587\u6587\u732e\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\u867d\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u601d\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee3\u8868\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
\u67ef\u5a07\u71d5<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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