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data-pid=\"khI8r2EB\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6b96\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8fc8\u5411\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u82f1\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08\u5982\u57f9\u6839[Francis Bacon\uff0c1561\u20141626]\u3001\u5f25\u5c14\u987f[John Milton\uff0c1608\u20141674]\u3001\u54c8\u6797\u987f[James Harrington\uff0c1611\u20141677]\u7b49\uff09\u62c5\u5fe7\u5176\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u652f\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5e38\u5907\u519b\u961f\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u961f\u4f0d\u53bb\u7ba1\u7406\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u9886\u571f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u65f6\u5e38\u52a0\u4ee5\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u5230\u5934\u6765\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u722a\u7259\u53cd\u5ba2\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u541e\u706d\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e5f\u672a\u5c1d\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u4ee5\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3a\u6212\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u5f81\u670d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8986\u706d\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"0PXljPlB\">\u4e3a\u6253\u7834\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65f6\u4eba\u9f13\u5439\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u677e\u6563\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u54c8\u6797\u987f\u57281656\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5927\u6d0b\u56fd\u300b\uff08The Commonwealth of Oceana\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8feb\u4f7f\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u533a\u57df\u81e3\u670d\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ed3\u6210\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u5c31\u884c\uff08\u4e0d\u613f\u7ed3\u6210\u90a6\u8054\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u90a6\u8054\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u63a3\u8098\u592a\u591a\u800c\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f83\u677e\u6563\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u6b27\u9646\u90a3\u79cd\u9886\u571f\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ee5\u9886\u571f\u4e0e\u519b\u4e8b\u4e3a\u57fa\uff0c\u540c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u4e0d\u76f8\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8d70\u5411\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u571f\u9738\u6743\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5411\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6d77\u6d0b\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u5219\u662f\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d38\u6613\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f81\u670d\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u8fb9\u7f18\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0e\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"Toe-N9tW\">17\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u4e54\u6cbb\u2022\u8428\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08George Savile\uff0c1633\u20141695\uff09\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u9646\u5730\u5f81\u670d\u83b7\u5f97\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u975e\u6211\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c0f\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u5c31\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u800c\u8d38\u6613\u5219\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"zlYOv340\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\u6d0b\u5e1d\u56fd\u5c06\u514b\u670d\u4f20\u7edf\u9646\u4e0a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d77\u519b\u4e3a\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u514d\u4e8e\u53cd\u566c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u9760\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9760\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u8ba4\u540c\u6765\u62d3\u5c55\u548c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"3V2V9f1o\">\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8f83\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8981\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u5c11\u63a7\u5236\u6b32\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u53f2\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8d38\u6613\u7279\u6743\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u636e\u70b9\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5360\u9886\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u975e\u8981\u5360\u9886\u9886\u571f\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u95f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u8bba\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u81ea1600\u5e74\u81f31750\u5e74\u8fd9\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u534a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5149\u91cc\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u72b6\u6001\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6b64\uff1a\u5148\u662f\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u540c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4e89\u6597\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u5373\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\uff08William III\uff0c1650\u20141702\uff09\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u653f\u6cbb\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u6c49\u8bfa\u5a01\u738b\u671d\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u82e6\u4e8e\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u7684\u590d\u8f9f\u9634\u8c0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"lEjcLoDi\">\u5927\u6982\u8fd8\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5e97\u5c0f\u4e8c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u201c\u65a4\u65a4\u8ba1\u8f83\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5bf9\u5176\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u7531\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u4e3a\u4e3b\u65e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"CDtrwGhQ\">\u5f53\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff08John Gareth Darwin\uff0c1948\u2014\uff09\u628a\u82f1\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8f6c\u53e3\u6e2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4e0a\u4efb\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u6cbb\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f00\u8bbe\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1b\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u8d38\u6613\u5784\u65ad\u548c\u7ba1\u5236\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfe\u7a0e\u6765\u4ece\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u53d6\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"cb6DeUs7\">\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u2022\u67cf\u514b\uff08Edmund Burke\uff0c1729\u20141797\uff09\u57281774\u5e74\u5199\u5c31\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p 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data-pid=\"D_KTM53A\">\u9996\u5148\u6765\u770b\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u9898\u30021837\u81f31839\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5185\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u5316\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u52a8\u51e0\u6b21\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\uff08\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8d77\u4e49\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Lord Durham\uff0c1792\u20141840\uff09\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7763\u3002\u8c03\u7814\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08Report on the Affairs of British North 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data-pid=\"8vRZw0-n\">\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u4f2f\u7235\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u89c1\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u524a\u5f31\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u30021839\u5e74\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u90e8\u5927\u81e3\u3001\u540e\u6765\u4e24\u5ea6\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7f57\u7d20\uff08John Russell,1792\u20141878\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u603b\u7763\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u5973\u738b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u529d\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u670d\u4ece\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u542c\u4ece\u5176\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u529d\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e86\u91c7\u7eb3\uff08\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\uff09\u539f\u5219\u65f6\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p 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data-pid=\"64nunfrh\">\u4ed6\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53cc\u65b9\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u4f53\u8c05\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u60ef\u6709\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u6069\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u201d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u627f\u65e7\u5236\uff0c\u91cd\u795e\u4e0d\u91cd\u5f62\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u8ba9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"t9WlS1RO\">\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u614e\u91cd\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u52301848\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u5373\u7531\u591a\u6570\u515a\u9886\u8896\u7ec4\u9601\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u753b\u62bc\u800c\u5df2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"R0Wpux2E\">\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8fd9\u5957\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc5\u901f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fc5\u901f\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u30021837\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u9886\u8896\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\uff08William Lyon Mackenzie\uff0c1795\u20141861\uff09\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e61\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u62111837\u5e74\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u57281848\u5e74\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u72af\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4e00\u60f3\u5230\u90a3\u79cd\u9020\u53cd\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"WPDaNNx8\">\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u865a\u4f2a\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5168\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709250\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u521d\u7f8e\u56fd\u9020\u53cd\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u90a3\u79cd\u9769\u547d\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u540e\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u548c\u5357\u975e\u5404\u5730\u4e5f\u9646\u7eed\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u81ea\u6cbb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u970d\u5e03\u8c6a\u65af\uff08Leonard Hobhouse\uff0c1864\u20141929\uff09\u65e5\u540e\u5728\u51761911\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08Liberalism\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8001\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u6cbb\u662f\u73b0\u5b58\u7edf\u4e00\u611f\u60c5\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"d9pEOezR\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u91ca\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u5c31\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u5398\u6e05\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u52301865\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Colonial Laws Validity Act\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p 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data-pid=\"ZokSYWKP\">\u6cbb\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5b9c\u6709\u5f1b\u6709\u5f20\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79fb\u6c11\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eab\u53d7\u81ea\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u5df2\u662f\u4e0d\u4e89\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7a46\u52d2[1806\u20141873]\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u5357\u975e\u5e03\u5c14\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\uff081880\u20141881\u30011899\u20141902\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u6218\u3001\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u6279\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u519b\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u65b0\u519b\u81ea\u613f\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8bc1\u3002\u4ece\u574f\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u4e5f\u5c31\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u52bf\u80fd\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u613f\u671b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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data-actualsrc=\"https:\/\/pic4.zhimg.com\/v2-d226046c43e6a61de6e1c90fc7324437_b.jpg\" data-original-token=\"v2-d226046c43e6a61de6e1c90fc7324437\" data-lazy-status=\"ok\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p data-pid=\"Mf5wasff\">\u5047\u5982\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u63d0\u524d\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u633d\u6551\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u56fe\u4e3a1909\u5e74\u7684\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"LYnZRHXB\">\u56db\u3001\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u7684\u82e6\u5fc3\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"A1jEO4an\">\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"nbdgdBbY\">\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u3001\u5fb7\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u8bc6\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u8054\u90a6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793a\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"8vTqaxNh\">1869\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022\u8fea\u5c14\u514b(Charles Dilke\uff0c1843\u20141911)\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u300b\uff08Greater Britain\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u626c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u30021883\u5e74\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u897f\u5229\uff08John Robert Seeley, 1834\u20141895\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u300b\uff08The Expansion of England\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u66f4\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u505a\u6765\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5b83\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u7167\u529e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8ddd\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u8054\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u6000\u7591\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbe\u60f3\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u8ddd\u5982\u6b64\u8fbd\u8fdc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u4f4d\u8054\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u6b63\u5f53\u5176\u65f6\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7167\u6837\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5462\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p 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polity\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"1BqM_91v\">\u5728\u5404\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c1887\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5546\u8ba8\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e8b\u5148\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u8fc8\u5411\u66f4\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u201d\u3002\u9996\u76f8\u7d22\u5c14\u5179\u4f2f\u91cc\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord 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Dicey\uff0c1835\u20141922\uff09\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9020\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bc1\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u6216\u5baa\u6cd5\u53ef\u88ab\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u624b\u7eed\u5747\u540c\u3002\u201d\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5baa\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d8\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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data-pid=\"D2regajh\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u76db\u884c\u7684\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5bf9\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8c28\u614e\u4e0e\u6000\u7591\u3001\u5bf9\u6210\u6587\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7b49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3001\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6208\u5fb7\u6587\u2022\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(Goldwin Smith\uff0c1823\u20141910\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e0d\u4e88\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u957f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5f3a\u884c\u53bb\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u53ea\u4f1a\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"FxxYbWOp\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4ece\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u3002\u62ff\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7a46\u52d2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281861\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u300b\uff08Considerations on Representative Government\uff09\u91cc\u9762\u8c08\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u5176\u5c5e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u4fbf\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u884c\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u662f\u4e2a\u62d6\u7d2f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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