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Harrington\uff0c1611\u20141677]\uff09\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u8e48\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u8986\u8f99\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5149\u8363\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5373\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u597d\u5904\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u6797\u987f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8feb\u4f7f\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u533a\u57df\u81e3\u670d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ed3\u6210\u90a6\u8054\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u5df4\u5c14\u672c\uff08Nicholas Barbon\uff0c\u7ea61640\u2014\u7ea61698\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d38\u6613\u4e3a\u57fa\u77f3\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5927\u9646\u5f81\u670d\u6765\u5f97\u8981\u4f4e\u3002\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7279\u4f26\u67e5\u5fb7\uff08John Trenchard\uff0c1662\u20141723\uff09\u5219\u8bba\u8bc1\u9053\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c06\u4fdd\u8bc1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u7531\u6d77\u519b\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9646\u519b\uff09\u6765\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u6d77\u519b\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u4ece\u9053\u7406\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8981\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u201c\u672a\u5a5a\u540c\u5c45\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u67cf\u514b\uff08Edmund 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Greenville\uff0c1712\u20141770\uff09\u6574\u987f\u5e1d\u56fd\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u53c8\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u767e\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5360\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u4e24\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u683c\u4f26\u7ef4\u5c14\u529b\u67e5\u8d70\u79c1\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u2014\u2014\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\uff081765\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7edd\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u7b14\u7a0e\u672c\u8eab\u5012\u4e0d\u91cd\uff08\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e8c\u5341\u4e07\u9551\uff0c\u644a\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u4ee4\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u5317\u7f8e\u5e74\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e94\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u652f\u6491\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u9a7b\u519b\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br \/>\n\u65e5\u540e\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u82f1\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5f8b\u5e08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8fea\u91d1\u68ee\uff08John Dickinson, 1732\u20141808\uff09\u4ee5\u201c\u4e00\u4ecb\u519c\u592b\u201d\uff08A Farmer\uff09\u7684\u7f72\u540d\uff0c\u5199\u5c31\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u519c\u592b\u6765\u4fe1\u300b\uff08Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e1767\u81f31768\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u7a0e\u989d\u5f88\u8f7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u7a0e\u989d\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd, \u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u5411\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5f81\u7a0e\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<br \/>\n\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u00a0<strong>\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5f81\u7a0e\u662f\u7b14\u7cca\u6d82\u8d26<\/strong>\u3002\u00a0<strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u90fd\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u73b0\u72b6\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u6311\u6218<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u786e\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8282\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u751a\u5fae\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4e86\u6b64\u79cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002\u867d\u8bf4\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u5baa\u653f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u540c\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u9700\u5f97\u5230\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ba1\u675f\u8005\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u90a6\u56fd\u4e8b\u52a1\u8981\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4e60\u60ef\u751f\u6210\uff08\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e3b\u6743\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u9886\u57df\u5185\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\uff1f\u51b5\u4e14\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u5404\u884c\u5404\u9053\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" tabindex=\"0\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u96be\u4ea7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5baa\u653f\u3001\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u773c\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e49\u6124\u586b\u81ba\u5f97\u5f88\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6345\u7834\u8fd9\u5c42\u7a97\u6237\u7eb8\uff0c\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u4f53\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u4eba\u7a7f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u8863\u670d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7d27\u8981\u3002<br \/>\n\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u603b\u7763\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5c14\uff08Thomas Pownall\uff0c1722\u20141805\uff09\u5728\u51761764\u533f\u540d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff08The Administration of the Colonies\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0d\u5e94\u518d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c9b\u7684\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u8fde\u5e26\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u5c5e\u54c1\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u6765\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u5bb9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5c5e\u5730\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u603b\u7763\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08Francis Bernard\uff0c1712\u20141779\uff09\u57281765\u5e74\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f9d\u6211\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e0e\u7f8e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u672a\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5f52\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u8054\u5408\u5374\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u65e0\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u91cd\u81e3\u5c31\u60f3\u5750\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f5c\u5a01\u4f5c\u798f\u3002\u56f0\u96be\u51fa\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u662f\u7531\u5bf9\u82db\u6350\u6742\u7a0e\u548c\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u8bf4\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u95f9\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7fc5\u8180\u786c\u4e86\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5355\u5e72\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u9119\u8457\u300a\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\uff09\u3002\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5012\u662f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff1a\u00a0<strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5317\u7f8e\u6210\u957f\u5f97\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u74dc\u719f\u8482\u843d\u8981\u641e\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u5317\u7f8e\u8fd8\u6210\u957f\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u5feb\u3001\u4e0d\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u96be\u4ea7<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8ba9\u5317\u7f8e\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5411\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3e\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\uff09\u7ed9\u53cc\u65b9\u5e26\u6765\u6301\u4e45\u548c\u5207\u5b9e\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u53cc\u65b9\u5f7b\u5e95\u6bc1\u6389\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\u3002<br \/>\n\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c06\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u591a\u6570\u5f53\u9009\u6d3e\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u6570\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u754c\u9650\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u591a\u6570\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u793e\u4f1a\uff08divided society\uff09\u4e2d\u5b9e\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f25\u5408\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6fc0\u5316\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5373\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u5e73\u8861\u3002<br \/>\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5012\u4e5f\u6709\u53d8\u901a\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u4f26\u5229\u666e\u54c8\u7279\uff08Arend Lijphart\uff09\u57281968\u5e74\u603b\u7ed3\u5148\u4eba\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u534f\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u8ba9\u591a\u6570\u4e0e\u5c11\u6570\u5171\u540c\u5206\u4eab\u653f\u6743\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<br 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\/>\n\u4f46\u8fd9\u5957\u529e\u6cd5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c0f\u56fd\u5be1\u6c11\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u5316\u4e0d\u8981\u592a\u591a\u5143\uff0c\u4e14\u5404\u7fa4\u4f53\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u5931\u8861\u662f\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u50cf\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7528\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u62db\u5c31\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u8054\u90a6\u5236\u8981\u884c\u5f97\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<br 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\/>\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u53cc\u65b9\u5012\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u65e2\u7136\u6574\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u72ec\u5927\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f31\u5c0f\u4f46\u53c8\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u59a5\u534f\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u65e2\u7136\u56fd\u5bb6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d70\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u6709\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6b66\u529b\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u6295\u5165\u4e00\u573a\u5f81\u670d\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6253\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u6218\u4fc3\u548c\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u5165\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6293\u4f4f\u5317\u7f8e\u8d77\u4e49\u521d\u671f\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5175\u75b2\u5e08\u8001\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u53c8\u4e0d\u80af\u638f\u8170\u5305\uff0c\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba4\u8f93\u4e86\u4e8b\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u6b64\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" tabindex=\"0\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" tabindex=\"0\">\u7ecf\u6b64\u4e00\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u5389\u5bb3\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8c08\u8bba\u5efa\u7acb\u5e1d\u56fd\u901a\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<br \/>\n\u5e1d\u56fd\u7a0e\u6536\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u7f6e\u8bf8\u8111\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u76f8\u5c0f\u5a01\u5ec9\u76ae\u7279\uff08William Pitt the Younger\uff0c1759\u2014 1806\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d1783\u81f31801\u30011804\u81f31806\u5e74\u5728\u4efb\uff09\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4ee5\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u6536\u6709\u5173\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u2026\u2026\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a0e\u6b3e\u7684\u5f81\u6536\u5904\u7f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7070\u5fc3\u4e27\u6c14\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5341\u5e74\u6015\u4e95\u7ef3\u201d\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u8c22\u5c14\u672c\u52cb\u7235\uff08William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne\uff0c1737\u20141805\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5317\u7f8e\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6765\u8003\u8651\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u53d1\u75af\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u6211\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6293\u5c0f\u653e\u5927\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6293\u5c0f\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u6240\u6ce8\u91cd\uff0c\u6291\u8bae\u4f1a\u800c\u5c0a\u603b\u7763\u3002\u201c\u653e\u5927\u201d\u5219\u6307\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u540e\u9000\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u5c81\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u5bfb\u6c42\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u00a0<strong>\u3002<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8c22\u5c14\u672c\u52cb\u7235\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u91cd\u63d0\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5148\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u201d\u00a0<strong>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd<\/strong>\u3002<br \/>\n\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece1840\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e3b\u5bfc\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u65f6\u8bb2\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u5bc6\uff081723\u20141790\uff09\u65e9\u5728\u9996\u7248\u4e8e1776\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e13\u95e8\u5199\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5784\u65ad\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u5176\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u626d\u66f2\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u536b\u674e\u5609\u56fe\uff08David Ricardo\uff0c1772\u20141823\uff09\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7a46\u52d2\uff081806\u20141873\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5012\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u540e\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u77eb\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u786e\u786e\u5b9e\u5b9e\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0a\u65e0\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u3002<br \/>\n\u540e\u6765\u4e24\u5ea6\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8fea\u65af\u7d2f\u5229\uff08Benjamin Disraeli, 1804\u20141881\uff09\u57281852\u5e74\u5f62\u5bb9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201c\u662f\u6302\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8116\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u78e8\u76d8\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u5178\u578b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u82b1\u5927\u529b\u6c14\u53bb\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4fdd\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u5236\u5c31\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7f14\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5f62\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u5c11\u52a0\u7ba1\u5236\u00a0<strong>\u3002<\/strong><br 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height=\"258\" 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Russell\uff0c1792\u20141878\uff09\u5c31\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u603b\u7763\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u5973\u738b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u529d\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u670d\u4ece\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7acb\u5baa\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u8d25\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u542c\u4ece\u5176\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u529d\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u82f1\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u603b\u7763\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u672c\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u6043\u5ba0\u800c\u9a84\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u603b\u7763\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u8ba9\u672c\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u201c\u5c11\u4e00\u70b9\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u6cbb\u672c\u4e4b\u6cd5\u30021791\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Constitutional Act 1791\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6b96\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u51b3\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6563\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u85aa\u4ff8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d7\u8bae\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a33\u56fa\u603b\u7763\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u5730\u65b9\u9ad8\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\uff08\u7ec8\u8eab\u4efb\u804c\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u884c\u653f\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u53c2\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u4eb2\u82f1\u201c\u8d35\u65cf\u201d\u9636\u5c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u591a\u534a\u51fa\u8eab\u4e16\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u6559\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5927\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u501f\u603b\u7763\u6743\u5a01\u628a\u6301\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u4e5f\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u884c\u653f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u60f3\u501f\u4eba\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u589e\u603b\u7763\u4e4b\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u662d\u5f70\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u5bb6\u5171\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u62c9\u62e2\u3001\u5206\u5316\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u5957\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u597d\u4e86\u75ae\u75a4\u5fd8\u4e86\u75db\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cbb\u7406\u5317\u7f8e\u5341\u4e09\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u672c\u5730\u7684\u4e16\u5bb6\u5171\u6cbb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u540c\u4f26\u6566\u6709\u7740\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u90fd\u8981\u4ef0\u8d56\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6069\u60e0\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u628a\u6301\u5b98\u804c\uff0c\u5c31\u7edd\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u8fdb\u8eab\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5728\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u548c\u4e2d\u4e0a\u5c42\u4eba\u58eb\u4e4b\u95f4\u96c6\u805a\u8d77\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u5bf9\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff08\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\u5c31\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff09\u5fc3\u6000\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5f88\u7cdf\u3002\u4e0a\u4e0b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0e\u603b\u7763\u5e76\u6743\u52bf\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c1837\u5e7411\u6708\u523012\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5dee\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u5c0f\uff0c\u65cb\u8d77\u65cb\u706d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u9707\u52a8\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u4efb\u547d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Lord Durham\uff0c1792\u20141840\uff09\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7763\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7814\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff08Report on the Affairs of British North America\uff0c1839\uff09\uff0cz\u6307\u51fa\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9760\u8c31\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20180527\/514807eba1494763ba5f9219732677a7.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"center\">\u300a\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u62a5\u544a\u300b1839\u5e74\u7248\u5c01\u9762<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u610f\u8ba9\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u673a\u5173\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u653f\u5e9c&#8230;&#8230;\u5c31\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u9760\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5c31\u6bcd\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u5c65\u884c\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5bf9\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6258\u5229\u515a\u5143\u8001\u5a01\u7075\u987f\u516c\u7235\uff08Arthur Wellesley\uff0c1769\u20141852\uff09\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002\u201d1843\u5e74\uff0c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u4eb2\u738b\uff08Albert, Prince Consort\uff0c1819\u20141861\uff09\u4e5f\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u5ba4\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8d23\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u5c06\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8131\u79bb\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5219\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7ec4\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e27\u5931\u5bf9\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u5c5e\u56fd\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u8981\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5e76\u4e0d\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u8981\u6bd4\u5c48\u4ece\u66f4\u80fd\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\u3002\u65e5\u540e\u56db\u5ea6\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u683c\u83b1\u65af\u987f\uff08William Ewart Gladstone\uff0c1809\u20141898\uff09\u57281846\u5e74\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u8870\u5f31\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u201d\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7763\u3001\u7b2c\u516b\u4ee3\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7 \u5e03\u9c81\u65af\uff08James Bruce\uff0c1811\u20141863\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\uff1a\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bf4\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9694\u65ad\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>1846\u5e74\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u662f\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u59fb\u5144\u7684\u683c\u96f7\u52cb\u7235\uff08Henry George Grey\uff0c1802\u20141894\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u6b96\u6c11\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u4efb\u4f55\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u5c45\u6c11\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u201d\u683c\u96f7\u8fd8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e0e\u5426\u51b3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u9053\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\uff0c\u5426\u51b3\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u96f7\u4efb\u547d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u989d\u5c14\u91d1\u52cb\u7235\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7763\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u65e5\u540e\u5386\u7ecf\u7684\u6cbf\u9769\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u8bf4\u6765\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff1a\u603b\u7763\u6210\u4e3a\u865a\u804c\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u4e4b\u5916\u53e6\u8bbe\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u884c\u653f\u9996\u8111\uff0c\u7531\u8bae\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\u53c8\u5bf9\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8fd9\u5957\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc5\u901f\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fc5\u901f\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u30021837\u5e74\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u9886\u8896\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7 \u9ea6\u80af\u9f50\uff08William Lyon Mackenzie\uff0c1795\u20141861\uff09\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e61\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u62111837\u5e74\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u57281848\u5e74\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u72af\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u4e00\u60f3\u5230\u90a3\u79cd\u9020\u53cd\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\u5c31\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7b49\u5730\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7 \u5e15\u514b\u65af\uff08Henry Parkes\uff0c1815\u20141896\uff09\u57281847\u5e74\u7fa1\u6155\u5730\u8bba\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5230\u4e861888\u5e74\u5219\u5ba3\u79f0\u201c\uff08\u5e0c\u671b\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u00a0<strong>\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u6cd5\u540c\u82f1\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5fb7\u62c9\u59c6\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u516c\u5171\u571f\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u51e0\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u56db\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u5c31\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u5398\u6e05\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52301865\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08Colonial Laws Validity Act\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6cd5\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5ef6\u4f38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6cd5\u4e0d\u56e0\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u6216\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u800c\u5931\u6548\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5e94\u6709\u6743\u521b\u7acb\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u4ee3\u8bae\u5236\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4eab\u6709\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u76f4\u4eab\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u5173\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u6784\u6210\u3001\u6743\u529b\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5145\u5206\u6743\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u518d\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7acb\u6cd5\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5baa\u653f\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u5373\u53ef\uff08\u4ee5\u52a0\u62ff\u59271867\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u8ba2\u9001\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d70\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u516b\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u8fd0\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7acb\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff08\u540e\u6765\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u201d\uff09\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u5219\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7 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align=\"center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20180527\/c2388de9143b4227be7b2c452e1e1d88.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p 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J. Marshall\uff0c1933\u2014\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5251\u6865\u63d2\u56fe\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u628a\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u6c11\u65cf\u518d\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f81\u670d\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u571f\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7eb2\u9886\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53ca\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u5404\u79fb\u6c11\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u76df\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u65e0\u540d\u4e4b\u8f88\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u70ed\u5206\u5b50\u641e\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53ca\u5404\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Imperial Federation League\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u4f1a\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e1884\u5e74\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u4e8e1893\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u3001\u5df4\u5df4\u591a\u65af\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u572d\u4e9a\u90a3\u7b49\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u7f57\u5179\u4f2f\u5229\uff08Lord Rosebery\uff0c1847\u20141929\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u534f\u4f1a\u89e3\u6563\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7 \u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\uff08Joseph Chamberlain\uff0c1836\u20141914\uff09\u5728\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u5408\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u6b64\u8d4c\u4e0a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1887\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5546\u8ba8\u5404\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e8b\u5148\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u8fc8\u5411\u66f4\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u201d\u3002\u9996\u76f8\u7d22\u5c14\u5179\u4f2f\u91cc\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Salisbury\uff0c1847 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