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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/fe6e47f4a59a4e608f969396b2a17ac7.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1340\u5e74\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u711a\u70e7\u201c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u201d\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u51fa\u81eaRomance of Alexander<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5176\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u548c\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u5374\u6709\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u901a\u8fc7\u547c\u5438\u9053\u548c\u63a5\u89e6\u53ef\u4f20\u67d3\u6b64\u75c5\u3002\u5723\u82b3\u6d4e\u6559\u58eb\u76ae\u963f\u8428\u5728\u5176\u6240\u8457\u300a\u897f\u897f\u91cc\u53f2\u300b(1361)\u4e2d\u6709\u751f\u52a8\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u501f\u7740\u547c\u5438\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u75c5\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u60a3\u8005\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u96be\u5fcd\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6d51\u8eab\u5267\u70c8\u98a4\u6296\uff0c\u81c0\u90e8\u548c\u80a1\u90e8\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8c46\u6838\u72b6\u7684\u8113\u75b1\uff0c\u5b83\u611f\u67d3\u5e76\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5230\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u60a3\u8005\u731b\u70c8\u5410\u8840\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u53ef\u6016\u4e4b\u75c7\uff0c\u533b\u6cbb\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u6301\u7eed3\u65e5\u540e\u5373\u884c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e0e\u60a3\u8005\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u4e70\u5230\u6216\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u3001\u62ff\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u53d7\u67d3\u81f4\u6b7b\u201d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9884\u9632\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u5217\u4e3e\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u533b\u751f\u7a7f\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u670d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u906e\u76d6\u5168\u8eab\u7684\u957f\u888d\uff0c\u624b\u4e0a\u5e26\u4e00\u5e45\u5927\u624b\u5957\uff0c\u9f3b\u524d\u7cfb\u4e00\u5757\u6d77\u68c9\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u5438\u6ee1\u4e86\u6eb6\u6709\u4e01\u9999\u548c\u8089\u6842\u7c89\u7684\u918b\uff1b\u75c5\u5ba4\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u95e8\u7a97\u5c3d\u91cf\u655e\u5f00\uff0c\u591c\u95f4\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u98ce\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u548c\u918b\u5237\u6d17\u75c5\u5ba4\uff0c\u5c06\u918b\u88c5\u7f50\u4e2d\u653e\u7f6e\u5ba4\u5185\uff1b\u5bf9\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u5acc\u7591\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u8981\u901a\u98ce\u548c\u718f\u84b8\uff0c\u5ba4\u5185\u5bb6\u5177\u8981\u66dd\u6652\u6d88\u6bd2\uff0c\u8863\u7269\u3001\u5e8a\u5355\u7b49\u8981\u711a\u70e7\uff1b\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u3001\u4eba\u591a\u5904\u8981\u7528\u9999\u6599\u718f\u84b8\uff1b\u75c5\u4eba\u8981\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7236\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a2\u89c6\uff1b\u7981\u6b62\u4e3e\u884c\u6ba1\u846c\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b7b\u5c38\u987b\u5728\u90ca\u5916\u8fdc\u5904\u57cb\u846c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u75ab\u60c5\u8513\u5ef6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9884\u9632\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u761f\u75ab\u6d41\u884c\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u7c73\u5170\u5f53\u5c40\u66fe\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u9632\u8303\u75ab\u75c5\u4fb5\u88ad\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u826f\u597d\u3002\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u603b\u7763\u4e39\u591a\u7f57\uff08Enrico Dandolo\uff09\u66fe\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e13\u95e8\u7763\u5bfc\u6536\u5c38\u3001\u6ba1\u846c\u3001\u6212\u5907\u5916\u6765\u8239\u53ea\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u5448\u62a5\u75c5\u60c5\u7b49\u4e8b\u9879\u30021374\u5e74\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u9996\u5148\u9881\u5e03\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6765\u5f80\u5ba2\u5546\u4e2d\u5df2\u611f\u67d3\u6216\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u5acc\u7591\u7684\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u8bb8\u8fdb\u57ce\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u610f\u5927\u5229\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u7167\u4f8b\u800c\u884c\uff1b1377\u5e74\u4e9a\u5f97\u91cc\u4e9a\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u62c9\u53e4\u8428\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u5bf9\u6d77\u5458\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u6d77\u6e2f\u76f8\u5f53\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e3a\u767b\u9646\u6240\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u7591\u4e3a\u53d7\u9f20\u75ab\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u987b\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u65b0\u9c9c\u9633\u5149\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u505c\u755930\u5929\u540e\u624d\u51c6\u5165\u5883\u3002\u4e0e\u5916\u6765\u65c5\u5ba2\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u8005\u4e5f\u8981\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u540e\u6765\u9694\u79bb\u671f\u53c8\u88ab\u5ef6\u957f\u81f340\u5929\uff0c\u79f0\u56db\u65ec\u658b(Quarantenaria),\u201c\u6d77\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u201d(Quarantine)\u4e00\u8bcd\u5373\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u30021383\u5e74\u9a6c\u8d5b\u7279\u8bbe\u6d77\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u7ad9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u73b0\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u901a\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4e8e1873\u5e747\u6708\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u53a6\u95e8\u5b9e\u65bd\u68c0\u75ab\uff0c1930\u5e743\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u6d77\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u518d\u5ea6\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6d41\u884c\u30021894\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u7ca4\u6e2f\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u5730\u533a\u7206\u53d1\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e3a\u91cd\u707e\u533a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u53c8\u65e0\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e7f\u5dde\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe10\u4e07\u4e4b\u4f17\u30021910\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u4e1c\u4e09\u7701\u7206\u53d1\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u52a1\u90e8\u59d4\u6d3e\u4f0d\u8fde\u5fb7\u4e3a\u9632\u75ab\u603b\u533b\u5b98\u6df1\u5165\u75ab\u533a\u5f00\u5c55\u9632\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f0d\u8fde\u5fb7\u89e3\u5256\u75ab\u5c38\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u75c5\u6e90\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u9f20\u75ab\u7814\u7a76\u6240,\u8fc5\u901f\u91c7\u53d6\u65ad\u7edd\u4ea4\u901a,\u9694\u79bb\u75ab\u533a,\u6536\u5bb9\u75ab\u60a3,\u706b\u5316\u75ab\u5c38\u7b49\u591a\u9879\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u80ba\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5916\u77a9\u76ee\u30021911\u5e74\u4f0d\u8fde\u5fb7\u5728\u6c88\u9633\u4e3b\u6301\u53ec\u5f00\u4e07\u56fd\u9f20\u75ab\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u7531\u6211\u56fd\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/cb9957ebf0eb4c9791184373bb6931ae.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1910\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u9632\u75ab\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c38\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u68c0\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u963b\u65ad\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u884c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u75c5\u56e0\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u521b\u7acb\u540e\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u5bb6A.\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\uff08Alexandre Yersin\uff09\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5317\u91cc\u67f4\u4e09\u90ce\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u65f6\u57281894\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u9f20\u75ab\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u73b0\u672c\u75c5\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec6\u83cc\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5317\u91cc\u7684\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u83cc\u5c31\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u8036\u5c14\u68ee\u6746\u83cc(Yersinia pestis)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u6746\u83cc\u30021898\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u8499\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e91\u5357\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u86a4\u628a\u75c5\u83cc\u4ece\u8001\u9f20\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u4eba\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u8d56\u4e8e\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u3001\u56db\u73af\u7d20\u548c\u6c2f\u9709\u7d20\u5747\u5177\u826f\u597d\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u80ba\u578b\u6216\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u578b\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u75c524\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u6297\u83cc\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8f6c\u5371\u4e3a\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u603b\u7b97\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u95f4\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u706d\u9f20\u3001\u75ab\u6e90\u5730\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u5584\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9f20\u75ab\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u30021960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ec5\u53d1\u751f1\uff5e10 \u4f8b\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u662f2019\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u62a5\u544a4\u4f8b\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c2\u4f8b\u4e3a\u80ba\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u66fe\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\u671d\u9633\u533b\u9662\u6551\u6cbb\uff0c2\u4f8b\u817a\u9f20\u75ab\uff0c\u5747\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u6551\u6cbb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u63aa\u65bd\u5f97\u5f53\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u9020\u6210\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u95f4\u9f20\u75ab\u662f\u4ece\u9f20\u7c7b\u611f\u67d3\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u75ab\u6e90\u5e76\u672a\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u9664\u6fb3\u6d32\u5916\u5404\u5927\u6d32\u5747\u6709\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u5c40\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u66b4\u53d1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u9f20\u75ab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u706d\u30021989\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u4ecd\u5c06\u9f20\u75ab\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7532\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.\u6d88\u706d\u5929\u82b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u82b1\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u70c8\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f46\u67d3\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7a81\u7136\u5bd2\u6218\u3001\u9ad8\u70ed\u3001\u5934\u75db\u3001\u56db\u80a2\u548c\u8170\u80cc\u9178\u75db\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4f\u529b\u7b49\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5168\u8eab\u4e2d\u6bd2\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u7ee7\u4e4b\u5faa\u5e8f\u6210\u6279\u51fa\u73b0\u6591\u75b9\u3001\u4e18\u75b9\u3001\u75b1\u75b9\u3001\u8113\u75b1\u7b49\u76ae\u75b9\uff0c\u75c5\u6b7b\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u5e38\u5e38\u9057\u7559\u7622\u75d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/2fa061471b47444bb534ca9217842b1d.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u7f8e\u897f\u65af\u4e94\u4e16(Ramesses V )\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86\u62c9\u7f8e\u897f\u65af\u4e94\u4e16\u8138\u988a\u4e0a\u7684\u8113\u75b1( pustules 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/320fe498fb724edc9267700680de32bb.jpeg\" 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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/f1dd8bcd2cb345c68713ad67c6ae1b85.jpeg\" 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ong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e5f\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u9ebb\u98ce\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9694\u79bb\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c1975\u5e74\u5728\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u4e91\u68a6\u7761\u864e\u5730\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u79e6\u7b80\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u75a0\u8fc1\u6240\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u201c\u75a0\u8fc1\u6240\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5\u9694\u79bb\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u521b\u3002\u897f\u6c49\u5e73\u5e1d\u5143\u59cb\u4e8c\u5e74\u6025\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u75be\u75ab\u8005\uff0c\u820d\u7a7a\u90b8\u7b2c\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f6e\u533b\u5b66\u3002\u201d(\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u00b7\u5e73\u5e1d\u7eaa\u300b)\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u521b\u529e\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9662\u3002\u516c\u51436\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u66fe\u6709\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5\u9662\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u9ebb\u98ce\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5\u9662\uff0c\u4ec5\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c31\u67092\u5343\u591a\u6240\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u9662\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u9ebb\u98ce\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u4e5f\u91c7\u53d6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ebb\u98ce\u75c5\u9662\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u8bbe\u65bd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5b66\u8005\u5f17\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u6258\u7f57\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4ee5\u5f80\u5173\u4e8e\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbis(\u8bba\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u53ca\u5176\u6cbb\u7597,1546)\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u75be\u60a3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u75be\u60a3\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u4f20\u67d3\u201d\uff1b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u201c\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u68c0\u75ab\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u6d88\u6bd2\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u4e863\u6761\u4f20\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b66\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/61502a1f86594975af36bfc0557587f7.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5f17\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u6258\u7f57\uff081478\u20141553\uff09\u753b\u50cf\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ed8\u4e8e1528\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u9986\u85cf<\/p>\n<p>\u57281817\u20141923\u5e74\u7684100\u591a\u5e74\u95f4,\u970d\u4e71\u5728\u4e9a\u3001\u975e\u3001\u6b27\u7f8e\u5404\u6d32,\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u8fc76\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u7978\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u30021818\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u970d\u4e71\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6b7b\u4ea16\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u662f\u5143\u51f6\uff0c\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6e90\u540e\u5373\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u6563\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u8bc1\u5b9e\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cd\u8747\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4f20\u67d3\u5a92\u4ecb\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u6c34\u6e90\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u7684\u536b\u751f\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u8bfa\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5bf9\u4f26\u6566\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u4e0e\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u7acb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u7ffb\u5f00\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u7bc7\u7ae0\u3002\u65e9\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u5217\u6587\u864e\u514b\u5c31\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff0c\u5e76\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u751f\u7269\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u53d1\u9175\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7267\u573a\u6bcf\u5e74\u6709\u657010\u4e07\u53ea\u7f8a\u6b7b\u4e8e\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\uff0c\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u8bc1\u660e\u75c5\u755c\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6746\u83cc\u662f\u6b64\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\u30021878\u5e744\u670830\u65e5\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4f5c\u4e86\u6709\u540d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5916\u754c\u4fb5\u5165\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u5c31\u5728\u7596\u7684\u8113\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\uff0c\u5728\u4ea7\u8925\u70ed\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u94fe\u7403\u83cc\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e61\u6751\u533b\u751f\u79d1\u8d6b\uff08Robert Koch\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u79d1\u8d6b\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6d41\u884c\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7814\u7a76\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u4e0e\u725b\u7f8a\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u79d1\u8d6b\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u56fa\u4f53\u57f9\u517b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u83cc\u7684\u7eaf\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u75c5\u755c\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7eaf\u57f9\u517b\u540e\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u6ce8\u5c04\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u51fa\u540c\u4e00\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u8bd5\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fdb\u884c\u7eaf\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u81f4\u75c5\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u30021876\u5e74\u5bf9\u70ad\u75bd\u6746\u83cc\u7684\u7eaf\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u529f\uff0c1882\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7ed3\u6838\u6746\u83cc\uff0c1883\u5e74\u5e94\u9080\u8d74\u57c3\u53ca\u8c03\u67e5\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u5f27\u83cc\uff0c1884\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5224\u5b9a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u8d6b\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u3002\u505a\u4e3a\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u548c\u7ed3\u6838\u83cc\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u79d1\u8d6b\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8363\u83b71905\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u6839\u636e\u79d1\u8d6b\u5f00\u521b\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec6\u83cc\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u5217\u4e3a19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f81\u670d\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/4d4a073979164f1a8f76a147b0a5915e.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u8d6b(1843\u20141910)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5404\u7c7b\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u53ca\u53d1\u73b0\u5e74\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/c0e5b684c5f64ebc909bfd5411bf10bb.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u7528\u4e8e\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9632\u6cbb\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u79cd\u75d8\u6cd5\u9884\u9632\u5929\u82b1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u624d\u521b\u7acb\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7528\u6bd2\u529b\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u7ec6\u83cc\u9884\u9632\u9e21\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u7f8a\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5bb6\u755c\u63a5\u79cd\u4e86\u6bd2\u529b\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u611f\u67d3\u6b64\u75c5\u30021885\u5e74\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u51cf\u6bd2\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u75ab\u82d7,\u5e76\u7ed9\u88ab\u72c2\u72ac\u54ac\u4f24\u76849\u5c81\u513f\u7ae5\u63a5\u79cd\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u75c5\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5236\u5907\u7684\u51cf\u6bd2\u75ab\u82d7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9632\u6cbb\u4eba\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u72c2\u72ac\u75ab\u82d7\u4ecd\u662f\u9884\u9632\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u8840\u6e05\u88ab\u7814\u5236\u51fa\u6765\uff0c1890\u5e74\u8d1d\u6797\u548c\u5317\u91cc\u67f4\u4e09\u90ce\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u767d\u5589\u6297\u6bd2\u7d20\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u9884\u9632\u767d\u5589\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5236\u5242\uff0c\u4f7f\u767d\u5589\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8d1d\u6797\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u5c4a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u533b\u5b66\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30021923\u5e74\u5361\u5c14\u6885\u7279\u4e0e\u4ecb\u8fde\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u6ce8\u5c04\u5361\u4ecb\u82d7\u9884\u9632\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u66f4\u6709\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75c7\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u9ebb\u75b9\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u98ce\u75b9\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u4e59\u578b\u809d\u708e\u75ab\u82d7\u7b49\u3002\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u51dd\u96c6\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c1896\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u80a5\u8fbe\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f24\u5bd2\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8840\u6e05\u5bf9\u4f24\u5bd2\u83cc\u6709\u51dd\u96c6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4f24\u5bd2\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u79f0\u80a5\u8fbe\u6c0f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6709\u8bca\u65ad\u7ed3\u6838\u7684\u76ae\u5c14\u594e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8bca\u65ad\u6885\u6bd2\u7684\u74e6\u8272\u66fc\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.\u770b\u89c1\u75c5\u6bd2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5bf9\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u83cc\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5982\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u87ba\u65cb\u4f53\u3001\u7acb\u514b\u652f\u4f53\u3001\u8863\u539f\u4f53\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u5929\u82b1\u3001\u9ebb\u75b9\u3001\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u611f\u5192\u7b49\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u690d\u7269\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c1892\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u4e07\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5f15\u8d77\u70df\u53f6\u9ed1\u6591\u75c5\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u819c\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50(virus)\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd8\u6709\u6bd4\u7ec6\u83cc\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u56e0\u5b50\u30021898\u5e74\u8d1d\u6770\u6797\u514b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u7c92\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5728\u6d3b\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u7f57\u585e\u5f17\u548c\u5f17\u62c9\u65af\u53d1\u73b0\u53e3\u8e44\u75ab\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5fae\u7c92\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e5f\u53ef\u611f\u67d3\u52a8\u7269\u30021900\u5e74\u5317\u7f8e\u519b\u961f\u5360\u9886\u53e4\u5df4\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u82ac\u5229\u53d1\u73b0\u868a\u5b50\u662f\u9ec4\u70ed\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c1901\u5e74\u519b\u533b\u91cc\u5fb7\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9ec4\u70ed\u75c5\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u56e0\u5b50\u4e5f\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u866b\u5a92\u53ef\u643a\u5e26\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e76\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5fc5\u987b\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u6765\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u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src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/4aaa3c61acdd499e9d2242210219eab8.png\" 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Ehrich)\u4e0e\u79e6\u4f50\u516b\u90ce\u7814\u5236\u6210\u6297\u6885\u6bd2\u836f\u7269606,\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u30021935\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u591a\u9a6c\u514b\u53d1\u73b0\u78fa\u80fa\u836f\u7684\u6291\u83cc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u6740\u706d\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\u5bf9\u94fe\u7403\u83cc\u3001\u80ba\u708e\u53cc\u7403\u83cc\u3001\u8111\u819c\u708e\u53cc\u7403\u83cc\u3001\u6dcb\u7403\u83cc\u7b49\u4e5f\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u7279\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u6cbb\u7597\u5b66\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c1928\u5e74\u5f17\u83b1\u660e\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u9709\u83cc\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6291\u83cc\u7269\u8d28\uff0c1940\u5e74\u5f17\u6d1b\u91cc\u548c\u94b1\u6069\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u9752\u9709\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u540e\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u5947\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5bf9\u7329\u7ea2\u70ed\u3001\u6885\u6bd2\u3001\u767d\u5589\u3001\u8111\u819c\u708e\u3001\u6dcb\u75c5\u7b49\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7597\u6548\u30021944\u5e74\u74e6\u514b\u65af\u66fc\u53d1\u73b0\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u957f\u671f\u56f0\u6270\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u6c2f\u9709\u7d20\u3001\u91d1\u9709\u7d20\u3001\u56db\u73af\u7d20\u3001\u571f\u9709\u7d20\u7b49\u65b0\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u9646\u7eed\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u83cc\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u7279\u6548\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/e1b04fc25c504403983b5be0ed7c6005.jpeg\" 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0d\u89c1\u597d\u8f6c,\u4e14\u591a\u540d\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u5176\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5012\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e38\u9a7b\u6cb3\u5185\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5361\u6d1b\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u5c3c\uff08Carlo Urbani\uff09\u5e94\u9080\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bca\u7597\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8be5\u75c5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u9042\u4ee5\u91cd\u75c7\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff08severe acute respiratory syndrome\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0SARS\uff09\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u62a5\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7edf\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff08SARS\uff09\u201d\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c3\u670812\u65e5\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08WHO\uff09\u5411\u5168\u7403\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u975e\u5178\u201d\u8b66\u62a5,\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8054\u624b\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u975e\u5178\u201d\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u52a0\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bfb\u627e\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9996\u5e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u6d2a\u6d9b\u79f0\u975e\u5178\u578b\u80ba\u708e\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u6e90\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u53d8\u5f02\u7684\u8863\u539f\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u4e3a\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u672a\u516c\u5e03\u30023\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u60a3\u8005\u4f53\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c25\u65e5\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u786e\u8ba4\u30024\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5206\u522b\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u6d4b\u51fa\u4e86\u8428\u65af\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5168\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5317\u4eac\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u8054\u5408\u6d4b\u51fa\u4e864\u4f8b\u8428\u65af\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u8377\u5170ERASMUS\u5927\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u786e\u4e3a\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u30024\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u975e\u5178\u201d\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3aSARS-CoV\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0cSARS\u7684\u547d\u540d\u8005\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u5c3c\u56e0\u611f\u67d3SARS\u5df2\u4e8e3\u670829\u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/131aec201e4246d7bd94230a89822127.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u6d1b\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u5c3c\uff081956\u20142003\uff09<\/p>\n<p>SARS-CoV\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u5e76\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u4f20\u64ad\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6bd2\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0e\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6709\u5173\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u62ab\u9732\u4e0d\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u5168\u9762\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9SARS\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u6551\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6fc0\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u62a2\u6551\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u60a3\u8005\u80a1\u9aa8\u5934\u574f\u6b7b\u3001\u80ba\u95f4\u8d28\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5316\u7b49\u540e\u9057\u75c7\uff0c\u5bf9\u60a3\u8005\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece2002\u5e7411\u6708\u53d1\u73b0\u8428\u65af\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u52302003\u5e747\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u60a3\u8005\u3001\u7591\u4f3c\u75c5\u4f8b\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u518d\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5386\u65f67\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u624d\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8428\u65af\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u5931\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8428\u65af\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u5176\u5bbf\u4e3b\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8759\u8760\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea610\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c2012\u5e749\u6708\u5728\u6c99\u7279\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8428\u65af\u7684\u547c\u5438\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7c7bSARS\u75c5\u6bd2\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u867d\u6ca1\u6709\u8428\u65af\u8fc5\u731b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u75c5\u6b7b\u7387\u8f83\u8428\u65af\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8428\u65af\u75c5\u6bd2\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u4f53\u65f6\u53d7\u4f53\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u547c\u5438\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff08MERS\uff09\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08MERS-CoV\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u4e5f\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u60e0\u5dde\u66fe\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20200213\/0f8885013d3f477f811401dc61fab516.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>MERS-CoV\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7c92\u5b50(The MERS-CoV genome structure and 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