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1597\u5e74\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u517c\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08John Gerard\uff09\u79f0\u70df\u8349\u53ef\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u6cbb\u504f\u5934\u75db\u548c\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u6700\u4e3a\u89c1\u6548\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5176\u836f\u7528\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u836f\u7528\u6216\u6ee5\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u2022\u5e93\u7279\uff08Anthony Chute\uff09\u8b66\u544a\u4f17\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u8fc7\u591a\u5438\u98df\u70df\u8349\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u6b63\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u8f6c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u836f\u7269\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7269\u6781\u5fc5\u53cd\u3002\u201d\u54c8\u7279\u2022\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff08Hart James\uff09\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u6279\u8bc4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u65f6\u65e0\u523b\u4e0d\u5438\u98df\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u65e9\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u665a\uff0c\u658b\u6212\u524d\u6216\u9910\u5bb4\u540e\uff0c\u996d\u524d\u6216\u996d\u540e\uff0c\u7761\u524d\u6216\u9192\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u6216\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4efb\u4f55\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u522b\u5730\u5438\u98df\u7740\u70df\u8349\u3002\u201d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u6c14\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u65f6\u4eba\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\uff08Gardiner Edmund\uff09\u611f\u6168\u82f1\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u201c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u4f17\u4e00\u6837\u4ee5\u8089\u548c\u9762\u5305\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u836f\u8349\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u541e\u4e91\u5410\u96fe\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2a\u70df\u56f1\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u70df\u96fe\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u9f3b\u8154\u55b7\u6563\u51fa\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u94b1\u8d22\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6d88\u6563\u4e86\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u7ec5\u58eb\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u90fd\u8352\u5e9f\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u6c83\u6069\uff08William Vaughan\uff09\u533b\u751f\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u5b83\uff0c\u50cf\u559d\u5f97\u70c2\u9189\u7684\u9152\u9b3c\u4e00\u822c\u201d\u3002\u70df\u8349\u8fd8\u4e0e\u8d4c\u535a\u3001\u9157\u9152\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u996e\u98df\u4e0e\u5a31\u4e50\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5438\u70df\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u540c\u6837\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u4e3a\u5bc6\u745f\u5c14\u767b\uff08Misselden\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u5766\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5438\u70df\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5065\u5fd8\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u6709\u5438\u98df\u8005\u79f0\u5438\u98df\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u667a\u529b\u51cf\u9000\u3001\u611f\u5b98\u949d\u5316\u201d\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\u5c06\u5438\u70df\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4e0e\u4eba\u79cd\u80a4\u8272\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u2022G. \u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\uff08Kristen G. Brookes\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u5fc3\u5438\u98df\u70df\u8349\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u80a4\u8272\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u5bf9\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5c31\u79f0\u201c\u5438\u98df\u70df\u8349\u4f1a\u4ee4\u81e3\u6c11\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u573a\u6240\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1614\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f26\u6566\u4e00\u57ce\u5404\u7c7b\u516c\u5f00\u552e\u5356\u70df\u8349\u7684\u5546\u94fa\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u573a\u6240\u5c31\u8fbe\u4e03\u5343\u4f59\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c45\u6240\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u8c0b\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u552f\u4ee5\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u4e3a\u8425\u751f\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e5\u65e0\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u51c6\u5165\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u70df\u8349\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u95e8\u69db\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e8b\u96f6\u552e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u738b\u5ba4\u6555\u4ee4\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0\u8f7d\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5305\u62ec\u5ba2\u6808\u8001\u677f\u3001\u9152\u4fdd\u3001\u7ba1\u5bb6\u3001\u9a6c\u592b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\u90fd\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u8d70\u79c1\u3001\u6295\u673a\u3001\u63ba\u5047\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u70df\u8349\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u672c\u571f\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u6d77\u5916\u56e0\u7d20\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56e0\u8d2d\u4e70\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u5949\u91cd\u5546\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u91d1\u94f6\u7b49\u8d35\u91d1\u5c5e\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u5bcc\u5916\u6d41\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u2022\u7eb3\u666e\uff08Jeffrey Knapp\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u638c\u63e1\u70df\u8349\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\u5e76\u5360\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u5bf9\u70df\u8349\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1615\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u56e0\u8fdb\u53e3\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u82b1\u8d39\u4e8620\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u5230\u4e8617\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u8fdb\u53e3\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u56de\u843d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u56e0\u6b64\u82b1\u8d39\u4e8612\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u76f4\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u7528\u70df\u8349\u6362\u8d70\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9c7c\u3001\u8461\u8404\u9152\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b\u9632\u8150\u98df\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u90fd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5438\u98df\u70df\u8349\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u70df\u8349\u8d38\u6613\u53ea\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d1622\u5e74\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u672c\u5185\u7279\uff08Edw. Bennett\uff09\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fdb\u53e3\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u82f1\u56fd\u7cae\u98df\u4e0e\u91d1\u94f6\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e3a\u6b64\u82b1\u8d396\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u4e1a\u6709\u6240\u8d77\u8272\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8d2d\u4e70\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u6765\u62b5\u6d88\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u6574\u4f53\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u653f\u7b56\u6276\u6301\u3002\u65e9\u57281614\u5e74\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7f57\u5c14\u592b\uff08John Rolfe\uff09\u4fbf\u5c06\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u8fd0\u5f80\u672c\u571f\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5176\u9500\u91cf\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u957f\uff0c1615\u5e74\u7684\u9500\u91cf\u4e3a1200\u78c5\uff0c1616\u5e74\u4e3a9000\u78c5\u30021617\u5e74\u7ffb\u500d\u81f32\u4e07\u78c5\uff0c1627\u5e74\u65f6\u5df2\u8fbe50\u4e07\u78c5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u82f1\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u6574\u4f53\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5982\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u30021619\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u70df\u8349\u8fbe6\u4e07\u78c5\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8d70\u79c1\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70df\u8349\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6bcf\u78c518\u5148\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u671f\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u70df\u8349\u7684\u552e\u4ef7\u5219\u57288\u81f310\u5148\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

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17\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5438\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u4e8e1621\u5e744\u670823\u65e5\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u6c11\u4f17\u65e0\u8282\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u738b\u5ba4\u4e5f\u9646\u7eed\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f15\u5bfc\u70df\u8349\u836f\u7528\u3001\u6291\u5236\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5438\u98df\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u30021620\u5e746\u670829\u65e5\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u65e0\u5e8f\u5730\u4ea4\u6613\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u4f17\u5e94\u5408\u7406\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u70df\u8349\u201d\u30021627\u5e742\u670817\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u70df\u8349\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ed6\u7528\u201d\u30021631\u5e741\u6708\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u544a\u8beb\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u5438\u98df\u70df\u8349\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u82b1\u9500\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u865a\u8363\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5e94\u4ec5\u4f5c\u836f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u8086\u65e0\u5fcc\u60ee\u5730\u6d88\u8d39\u7740\u201d\u3002\u4f9d\u6258\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e5f\u66fe\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4ece1627\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u8d2d\u8fdb\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u9500\u552e\u7684\u70df\u8349\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u9014\u52a0\u76d6\u516c\u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u548c\u5356\u65b9\u5e94\u5c06\u70df\u8349\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff0c1631\u5e74\u56fd\u738b\u8981\u6c42\u91c7\u8d2d\u8005\u5e94\u914d\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u6807\u51c6\u91c7\u8d2d\u548c\u5206\u914d\u70df\u8349\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u53ea\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u957f\u6548\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u5438\u98df\u73b0\u8c61\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5728\u6c11\u95f4\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u624e\u6839\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u56fd\u8ba1\u6c11\u751f\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u5236\u6765\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u6291\u5236\u70df\u8349\u5438\u98df\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u87b3\u81c2\u5f53\u8f66\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u540e\u6765\u6108\u52a0\u53d1\u73b0\u70df\u8349\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u7a0e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d22\u653f\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u9010\u6e10\u903e\u8d8a\u4e86\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9488\u5bf9\u70df\u8349\u5438\u98df\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u53ea\u80fd\u6d41\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u96f6\u552e\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u548c\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\u6765\u89c4\u5236\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4ece\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u672b\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u82f1\u56fd\u4fbf\u6709\u610f\u5bf9\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u6cbb\u3002\u65e9\u57281619\u5e7411\u6708\u738b\u5ba4\u6555\u4ee4\u5c31\u66fe\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u9881\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u800c\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7ee7\u4f4d\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ece1632\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u90e1\u6cbb\u5b89\u6cd5\u5b98\u63a8\u8350\u6240\u8f96\u5e02\u9547\u9002\u5408\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u6cbb\u5b89\u6cd5\u5b98\u63a8\u8350\u9002\u5408\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u738b\u8981\u6c42\u51e1\u6709\u610f\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u6709\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6388\u6743\u3001\u9881\u53d1\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u65f6\u6b64\u6743\u529b\u7531\u6208\u6797\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord Goring\uff09\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u59821637\u5e74\u7684\u7ef4\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\u5171\u63a8\u8350\u4e8666\u4f4d\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u8005\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6208\u6797\u52cb\u7235\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u9881\u5e03\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5e76\u4ea4\u7531\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u624d\u7b97\u751f\u6548\u3002\u4e0e\u6301\u8bc1\u96f6\u552e\u8005\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u9500\u552e\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee51633\u5e74\u7684\u7ea6\u514b\u90e1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5148\u540e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u514b\u65af\uff08Halifax\uff09\u5730\u533a\u76843\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u798f\u5fb7\uff08Bradford\uff09\u76846\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u97e6\u514b\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Wakefield\uff09\u5730\u533a\u76848\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u96f6\u552e\u70b9\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u5e74\u79df\u91d1\u4e3a\u5341\u82f1\u9551\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5982\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u5c3c\u6559\u533a\uff08The Parish of Stepney\uff09\u7684\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u535a\u5355\uff08Peter Bodan\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8be5\u5730\u4e0a\u6c99\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Upper Shadwell\uff09\u5730\u533a\u7684\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u5b63\u79df\u91d1\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u8d39\u7528\u603b\u548c\u4e3a37\u5148\u4ee46\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u738b\u8fd8\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u6253\u51fb\u70df\u8349\u79c1\u552e\u4e0e\u6295\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u5723\u2022\u5409\u5c14\u65af\uff08St. Giles\uff09\u5730\u533a\u552f\u4e00\u83b7\u5f97\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u6770\u91cc\u7c73\u2022\u7279\u5e73\uff08Jeremy Turpin\uff09\u5411\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u533a\u5185\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u6279\u65e0\u8bc1\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5728\u515c\u552e\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u65e0\u89c6\u5176\u4e13\u5229\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6253\u51fb\u884c\u52a8\u30021634\u5e74\u5965\u65af\u7ef4\u65af\u7279\u91cc\uff08Oswestry\uff09\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6267\u8fbe\u5b98\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u8003\u73c0\u5c14\uff08William Cowper\uff09\u3001\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4e9a\u745f\u2022\u6c83\u5fb7\uff08Arthur Ward\uff09\u3001\u5de1\u67e5\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u7231\u666e\u2022\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\uff08John Ap Richard\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5949\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u53bb\u6253\u51fb\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u8bc1\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8005\u9001\u81f3140\u82f1\u91cc\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6263\u62bc6\u5468\u30021637\u5e74\u4e00\u540d\u4e3a\u683c\u91cc\u683c\uff08Grig\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u56e0\u65e0\u8bc1\u9500\u552e\u70df\u8349\u800c\u88ab\u6263\u62bc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u6208\u6797\u52cb\u7235\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5458\u7f34\u7eb3\u4e865\u82f1\u9551\u7f5a\u6b3e\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u518d\u65e0\u8bc1\u96f6\u552e\u70df\u8349\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5784\u65ad\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u4e0e\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u79c1\u552e\u4e0e\u6295\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u672c\u571f\u7981\u690d\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5141\u8bb8\u672c\u571f\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u660e\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u672c\u571f\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\u30021619\u5e7412\u6708\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u5728\u672c\u571f\u91ce\u86ee\u6ecb\u957f\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u672c\u571f\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u666e\u53ca\u7981\u4ee4\u3002\u201d1624\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u518d\u6b21\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4ece1624\u5e745\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u6216\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9644\u5c5e\u4e4b\u5730\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u4fdd\u7559\u4efb\u4f55\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6839\u6216\u82d7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4ece1625\u5e74\u5c55\u5f00\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7981\u690d\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u662f\u5e74\uff0c\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u6d3e\u5f80\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e13\u5458\uff08Commissioner\uff09\u67e5\u63a2\u5230\u4f0d\u65af\u7279\u3001\u683c\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u7b49\u90e1\u6709\u4eba\u79c1\u79cd\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5bf9\u4e24\u90e1\u768440\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9500\u6bc1\u4e0e\u60e9\u6cbb\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u6388\u6743\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u8d1d\u591a\uff08William Beddo\uff09\u518d\u6b21\u8d1f\u8d23\u641c\u67e5\u56fd\u5185\u79c1\u79cd\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8d1d\u591a\u5728\u683c\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u90e1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u5904\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u3002\u540c\u5e747\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u91d1\u65af\uff08William Kings\uff09\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u6388\u6743\u53bb\u7834\u574f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u9886\u57df\u5185\u6240\u6709\u79c1\u79cd\u70df\u8349\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u56fd\u738b\u83b7\u6089\u67d0\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u79c1\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4efb\u547d\u4e13\u5458\u524d\u5f80\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5750\u5b9e\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u4e13\u5458\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70df\u8349\u7834\u574f\u6216\u6263\u62bc\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6cbb\u5b89\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u90e1\u957f\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u5458\u3001\u5341\u6237\u957f\u3001\u6267\u8fbe\u540f\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

17\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u7981\u690d\u8303\u56f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5468\u56f4\u5404\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u59821631\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u5411\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u2022\u6770\u660e\uff08Thomas Jermyn\uff09\u6d3e\u53d1\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u7981\u690d\u6555\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u672c\u571f\u6770\u897f\u5c9b\u53ca\u5176\u6bd7\u8fde\u5c9b\u5c7f\u79cd\u690d\u70df\u8349\u3002\u4ece1634\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u9664\u589e\u6d3e\u7235\u58eb\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u65af\u76ae\u52d2\uff08Henry Spiller\uff09\u7b4911\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e13\u5458\u524d\u5f80\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7834\u574f\u79c1\u79cd\u70df\u8349\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4efb\u547d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u57fa\u5c14\u6bd4\uff08John Gilby\uff09\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u4eba\uff08Receiver\uff09\u4e13\u95e8\u63a5\u6536\u88ab\u6293\u6355\u7684\u8fdd\u4ee4\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4efb\u547d\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u2022\u6bd4\u683c\uff08Richard Bigg\uff09\u4e3a\u8d77\u8bc9\u4eba\u5411\u8fdd\u4ee4\u8005\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u672c\u571f\u7981\u690d\u884c\u52a8\u7531\u6b64\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u66f4\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u7981\u690d\u884c\u52a8\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\u79c1\u79cd\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u6538\u5173\u8005\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u7981\u690d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u660e\u663e\u5927\u4e8e\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ece\u672c\u571f\u7981\u690d\u653f\u7b56\u63a8\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4fbf\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5784\u65ad\u82f1\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e3b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5173\u7a0e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ece\u672c\u571f\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u519c\u6c11\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u4f5c\u7269\u79cd\u690d\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6291\u5236\u7cae\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5dee\u522b\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u8fdb\u53e3\u91cf\u3001\u538b\u4f4e\u96f6\u552e\u4ef7\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u624b\u6bb5\u6291\u5236\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5360\u6709\u4efd\u989d\u3002\u4e0e\u8377\u5170\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u70df\u8349\u8fc7\u5883\u4e0d\u5f81\u5173\u7a0e\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u538b\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u65e9\u57281610\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4fbf\u6709\u610f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u70df\u8349\u5f81\u6536\u4e0d\u540c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7a0e\u8d39\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u5f81\u6536\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6bcf\u78c51-3\u5148\u4ee4\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u5bf9\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u70df\u8349\u5219\u5f81\u6536\u6bcf\u78c51-5\u4fbf\u58eb\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u3002\u524d\u8005\u7684\u9ad8\u7a0e\u8d39\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65e2\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u59821627\u5e742\u6708\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u7684\u9ad8\u7a0e\u8d39\u201d\u3002\u4ece1631\u5e741\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u8981\u6c42\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u540f\uff08the farmers of Customs\uff09\u201c\u5411\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u5f81\u6536\u6bcf\u78c52\u5148\u4ee4\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\uff08duty\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\uff08subsidy\uff09\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u5219\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e14\u5448\u51cf\u5c11\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f57\u6770\u2022\u7f57\u65af\uff08Roger North\uff09\u4e8e1620\u5e74\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u672c\u56fd\u70df\u8349\u5173\u7a0e\u4ec5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u78c59\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u52301629\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u8428\u9ed8\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u70df\u8349\u53ea\u5f81\u6bcf\u78c53\u4fbf\u58eb\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u3002\u5728\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1636\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u5f81\u6536\u6bcf\u78c56\u4fbf\u58eb\u7684\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u7684\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u5219\u4e3a\u6bcf\u78c52\u4fbf\u58eb\uff0c\u4e43\u6574\u4e2a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e14\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u51e1\u51c6\u5907\u518d\u51fa\u53e3\u5e76\u5df2\u7f34\u7eb32\u4fbf\u58eb\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u7684\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u78c51\u4fbf\u58eb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e88\u4ee5\u9000\u8865\u201d\u3002\u867d\u540e\u6765\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u8865\u52a9\u91d1\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301685\u5e74\u4ecd\u9ad8\u51fa\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4e00\u500d\uff08\u524d\u8005\u6bcf\u78c56\u4fbf\u58eb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6bcf\u78c53\u4fbf\u58eb\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa10\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4fbf\u6709\u610f\u51cf\u5c11\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u70df\u8349\u8fdb\u53e3\u91cf\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u76f4\u52301624\u5e74\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u624d\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8e\u6555\u4ee4\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5f3a\u8c03\u82f1\u56fd\u5c06\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u6743\u6388\u4e88\u672c\u56fd\u9002\u5408\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u3002L. C. \u683c\u96f7\u5c06\u6b64\u4e3e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u5784\u65ad\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u8fdb\u53e3\u6743\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u201d\u30021626\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u2022\u5e03\u62c9\u739b\u9f50\uff08Philip Burlamachi\uff09\u4e0e\u6e29\u2022\u5b89\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Wm. Anes\uff09\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u8fdb\u53e3\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u53e35\u4e07\u78c5\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u30021627\u5e742\u6708\u56fd\u738b\u518d\u6b21\u5728\u6555\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u53e35\u4e07\u78c5\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u4ee5\u4f9b\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\uff08particular use\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u836f\u7528\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u6743\u5e76\u975e\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\uff0c\u59821627\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\u56fd\u738b\u91cd\u65b0\u4efb\u547d\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u674e\uff08Henry Lee\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e13\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f2\u5e74\u3002\u83b7\u6b64\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u987b\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7f34\u7eb3\u4e00\u5b9a\u79df\u7a0e\uff0c\u59821629\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u6851\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Peter Sanderson\uff09\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u5e03\u5c14\u987f\uff08William Burton\uff09\u6bcf\u5e74\u8fdb\u53e36\u4e07\u78c5\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4e13\u5229\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7f34\u7eb3\u4e867850\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u6392\u65a5\u8377\u5170\u8239\u961f\uff0c\u5c06\u70df\u8349\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u6743\u5784\u65ad\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u8239\u961f\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u65e9\u57281619\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5c31\u66fe\u6388\u4e88\u6e29\u2022\u5e03\u5fb7\uff08Wm. Budd\uff09\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u70df\u8349\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e13\u5229\u6743\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u70df\u8349\u65e0\u5e8f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u5c06\u70df\u8349\u7684\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e0e\u8fd0\u8f93\u6743\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7ba1\u7406\u70df\u8349\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u8d2d\u8fdb\u70df\u8349\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u8fdd\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u6ca1\u6536\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u6555\u4ee4\u516c\u5e03\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u91cd\u65b0\u6388\u4e88\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u2022\u7f57\u5b9c\uff08Thomas Roe\uff09\u3001\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u2022\u54c8\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Fras. Hurdman\uff09\u7b49\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u4e3a\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u70df\u8349\u91c7\u8d2d\u6743\u30021625\u5e744\u6708\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u7533\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5c06\u70df\u8349\u79cd\u690d\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u8fd8\u4efb\u547d\u4e13\u5458\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5404\u6d77\u57df\u5de1\u903b\u30021631\u5e744\u6708\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u8239\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u95e8\u5c3c\u65af\uff08John Mennes\uff09\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\uff08Peter Andrewes\uff09\u7684\u8239\u961f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u8239\u6b63\u5c06\u70df\u8349\u8fd0\u5f80\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6709\u6743\u63a7\u5236\u8be5\u8239\u6240\u8f7d\u5546\u54c1\u5e76\u62bc\u9001\u81f3\u4f26\u6566\u6d77\u5173\u30026\u6708\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u90e8\u5411\u4f3d\u5e03\u57c3\u5c14\u2022\u9a6c\u4ec0\uff08Gabriell Marsh\uff09\u9881\u5e03\u641c\u67e5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u641c\u67e5\u4e00\u8258\u6765\u81ea\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u8f7d\u6709\u70df\u8349\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff08\u6b64\u8239\u6709\u610f\u9003\u7a0e\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8d23\u6210\u9a6c\u4ec0\u5c06\u8be5\u8239\u62bc\u5f80\u4f26\u6566\u6d77\u5173\u5904\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u6cd5\u8fd8\u672a\u6210\u5b9a\u5236\uff0c\u76f4\u52301634\u5e749\u67086\u65e5\u8239\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4f69\u5b81\u987f\uff08John Pennington\uff09\u624d\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u4e13\u5458\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u6d77\u57df\u5de1\u903b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u738b\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u79cd\u690d\u56ed\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u30021635\u5e7410\u67088\u65e5\u4f69\u5b81\u987f\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u76d1\u7763\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u6765\u5f80\u8239\u53ea\u7684\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u786e\uff1a1.\u534f\u52a9\u6d77\u5173\u7a0e\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8fd0\u56de\u70df\u8349\u7684\u8239\u53ea\uff1b2.\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5546\u8239\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u5378\u8d27\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u7f34\u7eb3\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u5230\u6d77\u5916\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5207\u65ad\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0e\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7ef4\u62a4\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u56db\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u7a0e\u8d4b\u6536\u5165\u3002\u70df\u8349\u7a0e\u6210\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u636e\u5b66\u8005\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u81f317\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u70df\u8349\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u5173\u7a0e\u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5360\u653f\u5e9c\u5168\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u76845\uff05\u3002\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u2022\u4f0a\u592b\u6797\uff08John Evelyn\uff09\u611f\u6168\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u6b64\u4f9d\u8d56\u2018\u70df\u8349\u548c\u5f02\u56fd\u996e\u6599\u2019\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6536\u5165\u201d\u3002\u800c\u70df\u8349\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6536\u5165\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u9881\u53d1\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u91c7\u8d2d\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0e\u7f5a\u6b3e\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u2022\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u5170\u5fb7\uff08Charles Franckland\uff09\u4e8e 1633\u5e74\u5199\u7ed9\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u2022\u54c8\u7ef4\uff08Richard Harvey\uff09\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u738b\u5ba4\uff09\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5730\u533a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e09\u5343\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5730\u6536\u76ca\u662f\u5f80\u5e74\u768440\u500d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u53e6\u636e1636\u5e746\u670811\u65e5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u901a\u8fc7\u70df\u8349\u96f6\u552e\u8bb8\u53ef\u7f34\u7eb3\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8612490\u82f1\u955116\u5148\u4ee48\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u53c8\u4ee5\u70df\u8349\u91c7\u8d2d\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u59821629\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u6851\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Peter Sanderson\uff09\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u5e03\u5c14\u987f\uff08William Burton\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5e74\u5411\u56fd\u738b\u7f34\u7eb37850\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e13\u5229\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7f5a\u6b3e\u6240\u5f97\uff0c\u59821634\u5e7410\u6708\u81f31635\u5e744\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6536\u7eb3\u5b98\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u5361\u9c81\uff08William Carew\uff09\u4e00\u5171\u6536\u53d6\u4e86\u79c1\u81ea\u552e\u5356\u56fd\u5916\u70df\u8349\u7684\u7f5a\u91d14492\u82f1\u9551 16\u5148\u4ee43\u4fbf\u58eb\u30021635\u5e746\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u6069\u63d0\u601d\uff08Meantys\uff09\u4e5f\u5411\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7f34\u7eb3\u4e8610720\u82f1\u9551\u7f5a\u91d1\u3002\u8db3\u89c1\u5176\u6536\u5165\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u4e4b\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

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