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\u3000\u3000\u5de5\u4e1a\u542f\u8499\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u662f\u9605\u8bfb\u6d88\u8d39\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u4e1a\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff08Industrial Enlightenment\uff09\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5c0a\u91cd\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u624d\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u9010\u6e10\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c42\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u201c\u6e17\u900f\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08trickle down\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u8d35\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u7ec5\u58eb\u6587\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u594b\u6597\u548c\u4eff\u6548\u4e4b\u98ce\u3002\u5f7c\u5f97\u2022\u4f2f\u514b\uff08Peter Burke\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u8f6c\u578b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\u800c\u975e\u4ece\u539f\u5148\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5deb\u672f\u7684\u65b0\u98ce\u6c14\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u8d8a\u53d1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u4e0e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u9605\u8bfb\u6d88\u8d39\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u3002\u800c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u4e3b\u4e49\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u76ca\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u56f4\u548c\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u65e5\u76ca\u8fc8\u5411\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u9769\u6700\u7ec8\u5f7b\u5e95\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u76db<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u3000\u300018\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5784\u65ad\u4e66\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7ba1\u63a7\u793e\u4f1a\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6743\u4ec5\u9650\u5236\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u4e66\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u4e1a\u516c\u4f1a\uff08The Stationers\u2019Company\uff09\u548c\u725b\u6d25\u3001\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u300a\u51fa\u7248\u8bb8\u53ef\u6cd5\u300b\u6216\u300a\u6267\u7167\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5e9f\u6b62\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u65b0\u95fb\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u524d\u65b0\u95fb\u5ba1\u67e5\u5236\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u800c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u671f\u520a\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u4e1a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u822c\u5c061621\u5e74\u521b\u529e\u7684\u300a\u6bcf\u5468\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u62a5\u4e1a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\u653f\u5e9c\u5784\u65ad\u62a5\u7eb8\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5b98\u65b9\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u662f1665\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u62a5\u300a\u4f26\u6566\u516c\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u521b\u8bbe\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u540e\u8fc1\u81f3\u4f26\u6566\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u300018\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u578b\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u9700\u6c42\u5267\u589e\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u8d38\u6613\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u666e\u53ca\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u540d\u5f55\u901a\u7528\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u5217\u6709316\u4e2a\u57ce\u9547\u548c988\u5bb6\u4e66\u5546\u3002\u5728\u5229\u7269\u6d66\uff0c1766\u5e74\u670911\u5bb6\u56fe\u4e66\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\uff0c1774\u5e74\u670914\u5bb6\uff0c1794\u5e74\u670934\u5bb6\u4e66\u5546\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u300a\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff0c\u81f31800\u5e74\u670998\u5bb6\u8fdb\u5165\u300a\u6307\u5357\u300b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u671f\u520a\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5174\u65fa\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u56fe\u4e66\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u548c\u6536\u8d39\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08\u5411\u5916\u79df\u501f\u56fe\u4e66\uff09\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u7eb8\u9605\u89c8\u5ba4\u3002\u81ea18\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u7ea6\u6709112\u5bb6\u79df\u501f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u6709270\u5bb6\uff1b\u5728\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c1725\u5e74\u7531\u827e\u4f26\u2022\u62c9\u59c6\u9f50\uff08Allan Ramsay\uff09\u5728\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u521b\u529e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u6d41\u901a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\u5546\u4e5f\u7ecf\u8425\u79df\u501f\u56fe\u4e66\u751f\u610f\u3002\u5728\u6536\u8d39\u56fe\u4e66\u501f\u9605\u9879\u76ee\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u514d\u8d39\u9605\u8bfb\u5404\u79cd\u62a5\u7eb8\u3001\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7b49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u548c\u9152\u9986\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u987e\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u5982\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7c7b\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5458\u670910\u523020\u4eba\uff1b\u6350\u8d60\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5f88\u591a\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5982\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u6350\u8d60\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1758\u5e74\uff0c\u52301799\u5e74\u4f1a\u5458\u8d85\u8fc7400\u4eba\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u548c\u6350\u8d60\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u7fa4\u662f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u9605\u8bfb\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u95fb\u68c0\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u53d6\u6d88\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8fce\u6765\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5982\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u80ae\u810f\u4e4b\u5730\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u533a\u4e1c\u5317\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u683c\u62c9\u5e03\u8857(Grub Street)\uff0c18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u65b0\u95fb\u673a\u6784\u7684\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u62a5\u4e1a\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e50\u56ed\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9010\u6b65\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u95fb\u8206\u8bba\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u56db\u7b49\u7ea7\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u7684\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u62a5\u520a\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u589e\u591a\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u548c\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u62a5\u520a\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u65e5\u8d8b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002\u5982\u4f26\u6566\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\u65e5\u62a5\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u521b\u7acb\u4e8e1702\u5e74\uff0c1760\u5e74\u67094\u79cd\u65e5\u62a5\u30015\u52306\u79cd\u4e09\u5468\u520a\uff0c1790\u5e74\u670913\u79cd\u65e9\u62a5\u30011\u79cd\u665a\u62a5\uff0c7\u79cd\u4e09\u5468\u62a5\u548c\u53cc\u5468\u62a5\u30021785\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u81ea\u521b\u520a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u62a5\u300b\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9075\u5faa\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u4e1a\u9053\u5fb7\u5916\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6709\u529b\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e4b\u4e00\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u62a5\u7eb8\u8fbe23\u79cd\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u591a\u8fbe50\u5bb6\u30021700\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u7eb8\u90fd\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5370\u5237\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u9a6c\u8f66\u8fd0\u5f80\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u56e0\u5404\u5730\u53d1\u884c\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u5982\u300a\u8bfa\u91cc\u5947\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5c14\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u5206\u522b\u4e8e1701\u30011702\u5e74\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672c\u5730\u62a5\u7eb8\u30021723\u5e74\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u670924\u5bb6\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u52301760\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u62a5\u7eb8\u517135\u5bb6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u520a\u4e1a\u53d1\u884c\u79cd\u7c7b\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c1782\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb850\u5bb6\uff0c1808\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7100\u5bb6\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5468\u62a5\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u62a5\u7eb8\u591a\u4ee5\u4f26\u6566\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e3a\u6548\u4eff\u6837\u677f\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u4ee5\u5730\u65b9\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u7b14\u8c03\u4e25\u8083\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5176\u8bfb\u8005\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e61\u7ec5\u3001\u5e97\u4e3b\u3001\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u7b49\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u6301\u4e45\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u7fa4\uff0c\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u521b\u529e\u8005\u4e5f\u5e38\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e3b\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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