{"id":29794,"date":"2023-09-27T14:37:36","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T06:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=29794"},"modified":"2023-09-27T14:37:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T06:37:36","slug":"%e8%ae%ba%e8%a5%bf%e8%92%99%c2%b7%e7%8e%bb%e5%88%a9%e7%93%a6%e5%b0%94%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%96%e4%ba%a4%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=29794","title":{"rendered":"\u8bba\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5b59\u82e5\u5f66<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><b>\u6458<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span>\u8981\uff1a<\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u897f\u8499<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u521d\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c06\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e76\u53d1\u8d77\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">1826<\/span>\u5e74\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u53c8\u5021\u5bfc\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5916\u4ea4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5747\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5374\u7ed9\u540e\u4e16\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=2609139546,2862715444&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=647\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"89\" align=\"justify\">\u897f\u8499<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, 1783\u20141830)\u00a0<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u62c9\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u9886\u8896\u4e4b\u4e00<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u9646\u56e2\u7ed3\u8054\u5408\u601d\u60f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u9c9c\u6709\u8bba\u53ca\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u56de\u987e\u548c\u5206\u6790<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u68b3\u7406\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4f7f\u5f97\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6bd4\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u91ce<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u521d\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u6743\u529b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u80a1\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u62c9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1826<\/span>\u5e74\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5c06\u8ba1\u5212\u964d\u4f4e\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u7531\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u5927\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u533a\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5916\u4ea4\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u7ecf\u5386\u4f7f\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5747\u672a\u6210\u529f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u5374\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u5916\u4ea4<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"91\" align=\"justify\">\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u65e9\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u542f\u8499\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u8de8\u8d8a\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u601d\u60f3\u66f4\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u6446\u8131\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5fc5\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u521d\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373<span lang=\"EN-US\">1810\u20141816<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u63f4\u52a9\u5f88\u5c11<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1816<\/span>\u5e74\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u653b\u52bf<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5927\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1821<\/span>\u5e74\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u671f\u671b\u76f8\u53cd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u8fd8\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">1820<\/span>\u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d77\u4e49\u8005\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e88\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"92\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u4e3a\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u8bc6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5728\u62c9\u7f8e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u7763\u8f96\u533a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6fd2\u4e34\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u5229<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u662f\u5357\u7f8e\u5bcc\u9976\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u4f5c\u7269\u4ea7\u5730\u3002\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u53ef\u53ef\u548c\u70df\u8349\u8d38\u6613\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd8\u4f7f\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u5377\u8fdb\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u53ca\u6d77\u76d7\u63a0\u593a\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">18<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u5fa1\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u7ade\u4e89<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u72ec\u5360\u8d38\u6613\u6536\u76ca<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u51c6\u8bb8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1789<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f7f\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u6bd4\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ea7\u8517\u7cd6\u7684\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6216\u79d8\u9c81\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ecd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5374\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u5168\u7403\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"93\" align=\"justify\">\u8003\u5bdf\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u89c6\u91ce\u7edd\u975e\u5076\u7136\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1783<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">24<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u8499<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u52a0\u62c9\u52a0\u65af\u4e00\u4e2a\u571f\u751f\u767d\u4eba\u8d35\u65cf\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u5148\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">16<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u79fb\u5c45\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u52a0\u62c9\u52a0\u65af\u4eab\u6709\u663e\u8d6b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5510<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u80e1\u5b89<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u7ef4\u68ee\u7279<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014<\/span>\u5e9e\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\u5728\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u672a\u6ee1<span lang=\"EN-US\">3<\/span>\u5c81\u65f6\u4fbf\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u4efb\u4fbf\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u80a9\u4e0a\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u660e\u6587\u96c5\u7684\u5987\u5973<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5979\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e07\u8d2f\u8d22\u4ea7\u638c\u7ba1\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1792<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e5f\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5148\u662f\u8ddf\u5916\u7956\u7236\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u8499<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u7f57\u5fb7\u91cc\u683c\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Sim\u00f3n Rodr\u00edguez)\u00a0<\/span>\u5bb6\u91cc\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u5149\u3002\u7f57\u5fb7\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u662f\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u5bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u662f\u5bf9\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4ece\u7f57\u5fb7\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u90a3\u91cc\u521d\u6b65\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u542f\u8499\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u6559\u80b2<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u4ece\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u62c9\u52a0\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8fd8\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u5bfc\u5e08<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u8d1d\u7565<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Andr\u00e9s Bello)\u00a0<sup>(1)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u7684\u542f\u8499\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\u662f\u8fc7\u620e\u9a6c\u751f\u6daf<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u800c\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1797<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u672a\u6ee1<span lang=\"EN-US\">17<\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4ee5\u58eb\u5b98\u751f\u8eab\u4efd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u66fe\u7ecf\u6240\u5728\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u74dc\u5c71\u8c37\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5fd7\u613f\u8425<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7fcc\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708\u88ab\u64e2\u5347\u4e3a\u5c11\u5c09\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u670d\u5f79\u624b\u518c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u82f1\u52c7\u51fa\u4f17<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u52e4\u594b\u8fc7\u4eba<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1799<\/span>\u5e74\u521d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5b66\u4e60<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u957f\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">9<\/span>\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6e38\u5386\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5bf9\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u6797\u5947<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(John Linch)\u00a0<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u62c9\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u66fe\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u535a\u89c8\u7fa4\u4e66\u3001\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u65c5\u884c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5883\u754c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7279\u522b\u662f\u63a5\u89e6\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u699c\u6837\u548c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u3001\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u6d3e\u548c\u542f\u8499\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9e20\u3001\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u548c\u5362\u68ad<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u90fd\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7ec8\u751f\u732e\u8eab\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(1)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"94\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">1804<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u52a0\u5195\u3002\u5f53\u8c08\u5230\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u52a0\u5195\u4e07\u4f17\u6b22\u547c\u62e5\u6234\u7684\u573a\u666f\u65f6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u667a\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u6cd5\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u5f31\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u662f\u5341\u5206\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">1806\u20141807<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u79bb\u5f00\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd4\u56de\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u524d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u9020\u8bbf\u4e86\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u3001\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u8d39\u57ce\u548c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u987f\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u540d\u6d41\u3001\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2\u3002\u4ed6\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u5230\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6743\u529b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u654f\u9510\u9886\u609f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u51b3\u5fc3\u6446\u8131\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7edf\u6cbb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e3a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5728\u6b27\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8d62\u5f97\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1805<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">8<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">15<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u66fe\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u8428\u514b\u7f57\u5c71\u9876\u7acb\u4e0b\u8a93\u8a00<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u6253\u788e\u6839\u636e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u653f\u6743\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u538b\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u67b7\u9501<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6211\u8a93\u4e0d\u7f62\u4f11<span lang=\"EN-US\">!\u201d<sup>\u00a0(3)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"95\" align=\"justify\">\u5927\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(<\/span>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3001\u65b0\u683c\u62c9\u7eb3\u8fbe\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14<span lang=\"EN-US\">)\u00a0<\/span>\u4e89\u53d6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1810\u20141816<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u63f4\u52a9\u5f88\u5c11<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1816<\/span>\u5e74\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u653b\u52bf<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5927\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1821<\/span>\u5e74\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"96\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">1810<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">4<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u66fe\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u52a0\u62c9\u52a0\u65af\u6267\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d74\u4f26\u6566\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5148\u9a71\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u4f5b\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7\u7c73\u5170\u8fbe<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Francisco de Miranda, 1750\u20141816)\u00a0<\/span>\u7684\u5f15\u8350\u4e0b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7b49\u4eba\u4f1a\u89c1\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u97e6\u5c14\u65af\u5229\u4faf\u7235<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8981\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1810<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">9<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">8<\/span>\u65e5\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u53d1\u7ed9\u6700\u9ad8\u6267\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u56fd\u52a1\u79d8\u4e66\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\u610f\u5411<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u610f\u5411\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u3001\u4e0e\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u9047\u5230\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4e89\u53d6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u4e8e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e4b\u4e0b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u5931\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u7528<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u504f\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u5f00\u62d3\u7684\u5149\u8363\u9053\u8def<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u52aa\u529b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f20\u64ad\u65b0\u601d\u60f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u653e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">, 1810<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">12<\/span>\u6708\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e0e\u7c73\u5170\u8fbe\u4e00\u8d77\u56de\u5230\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9f13\u52b1\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6d3e\u4e8e<span lang=\"EN-US\">1811<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">5<\/span>\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u548c\u7c73\u5170\u8fbe\u53d1\u73b0<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5236\u8861\u4e2d\u5c06\u7f8e\u6d32\u7f6e\u4e8e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7c73\u5170\u8fbe\u5f53\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u5a01\u671b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u63f4\u52a9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u6216\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u8054\u5408\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4ece\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u53bb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5b83\u6b63\u5728\u5c31\u4e2d\u7acb\u56fd\u7684\u6d77\u4e8b\u6743\u5229\u95ee\u9898\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"97\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">1812<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5148\u53bb\u4e86\u5e93\u62c9\u7d22<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u968f\u540e\u5230\u4e86\u5361\u5854\u8d6b\u7eb3\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u732e\u300a\u5361\u5854\u8d6b\u7eb3\u5ba3\u8a00<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u81f4\u65b0\u683c\u62c9\u7eb3\u8fbe\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4eec\u300b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5176\u707f\u70c2\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ee9\u5c31\u6b64\u5c55\u5f00<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u66ff\u4ee3\u7c73\u5170\u8fbe\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"98\" align=\"justify\">\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1812<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">12<\/span>\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u5361\u5854\u8d6b\u7eb3\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u575a\u4fe1<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u65b0\u683c\u62c9\u7eb3\u8fbe\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u6709\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c06\u53d6\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u4f7f\u5357\u7f8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56f0\u6270\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u5747\u52bf\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5927\u9646\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5974\u5f79\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u800c<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5747\u8861<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u6467\u6bc1\u540e\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u5747\u52bf\u5fc5\u987b\u7eb3\u5165\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8003\u8651\u4e2d\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(1)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u8bc1\u660e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u592a\u8fc7\u8d85\u524d\u548c\u4e50\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=3177299186,4034051744&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=684\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"99\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">1813<\/span>\u5e74\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1814<\/span>\u5e74\u90a3\u6bb5\u7070\u6697\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/sup>,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e89\u53d6\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51b3\u6218\u5341\u5206\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u575a\u4fe1\u6700\u540e\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5c06\u6362\u53d6\u80fd\u6765\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u4e0a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u88ab\u51fb\u8d25\u540e\u5e73\u53db\u8005\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4ed6\u9884\u6d4b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e00\u65e6\u6b27\u6d32\u6218\u4e8b\u7ed3\u675f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5c06\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u6b64\u65f6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u5f3a\u56fd\u5c06\u5f88\u5feb\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u76df\u6765\u6311\u6218\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u9738\u6743\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\u5174\u8870\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u4f1a\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u5f3a\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f3a\u56fd\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u82f1\u56fd\u5417<span lang=\"EN-US\">?\u201d<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5206\u6790\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7f8e\u6d32\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u7531<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(3)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1814<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u4eec\u5f7b\u5e95\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u4e03\u4e16\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6267\u884c\u9547\u538b\u7f8e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u4e03\u4e16\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">1812<\/span>\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u627f\u8ba4\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u3002\u663e\u7136<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cb\u597d\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u786e\u4fdd\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">, 1815<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6d3e\u9063\u7531\u5df4\u52c3\u7f57<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u83ab\u91cc\u7565\u5c06\u519b\u7387\u9886\u65b0\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5230\u65b0\u683c\u62c9\u7eb3\u8fbe\u548c\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u795e\u5723\u540c\u76df<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5728\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u610f\u56fe\u6251\u706d<span lang=\"EN-US\">1789<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u628a\u6b63\u7edf\u6027\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u6210\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9<span lang=\"EN-US\">, 1815\u20141825<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u6b66\u88c5\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"100\" align=\"justify\">\u6216\u8bb8\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e0d\u8be5\u6307\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5374\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u897f\u534a\u7403\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u897f\u534a\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7126\u70b9<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(5)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u5341\u5206\u5931\u671b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u6297\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8054\u76df\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5355\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u82f1\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(<\/span>\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">)\u00a0<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u800c\u652f\u6301\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"101\" align=\"justify\">\u5bf9\u6b64<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u4e8e\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u5f53\u8d77\u4f5c\u4e3a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u7684\u89d2\u8272<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u8868\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u62a5\u520a\u6587\u7ae0<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u5c55\u73b0\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u6700\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd8\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bc4\u4e88\u4e00\u4e1d\u5e0c\u671b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0e\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u3001\u7279\u7acb\u5c3c\u8fbe\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1815<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">9<\/span>\u6708\u7684\u300a\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u6765\u4fe1\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u9664\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u672a\u6765<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4e89\u53d6\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8d5e\u540c\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u5360\u9886\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u548c\u4eba\u6c11<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u6539\u53d8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5747\u8861\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u96be\u9053\u6b27\u6d32\u8fde\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u90fd\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e<span lang=\"EN-US\">?\u201d<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u82e5\u6267\u884c\u660e\u667a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8bdd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e94\u8be5\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u6837\u505a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(1)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c06\u5206\u6210<span lang=\"EN-US\">15<\/span>\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">17<\/span>\u4e2a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u628a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d8\u6210\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u89c9\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u6700\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u53ea\u6709\u56e2\u7ed3\u624d\u80fd\u9a71\u9010\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5929\u800c\u964d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u662f\u9760\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u52aa\u529b<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"102\" align=\"justify\">\u6b64\u5916<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8fd8\u6566\u4fc3\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u6d32\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5305\u62ec\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u7684\u4f55\u585e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5723\u9a6c\u4e01<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Jos\u00e9de San Martin)\u00a0<\/span>\u3001\u9a6c\u4e01<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u6ce2\u96f7\u4e1c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Martin Pueyrredon)\u00a0<\/span>\u3001\u667a\u5229\u7684\u8d1d\u7eb3\u5c14\u591a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5965\u5e0c\u91d1\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Bernardo O\u2019Higgins)\u00a0<\/span>\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5fb7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u4f0a\u56fe\u5c14\u7ef4\u5fb7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Agustin de Iturbide)\u00a0<\/span>\u4e00\u8d77\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1818<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">6<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u548c\u5e03\u5b9c\u8bfa\u65af\u827e\u5229\u65af\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e00\u65e6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u76df\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5c06\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u53c8\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5ffd\u89c6\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u8bf4\u8bdd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u8054\u76df\u800c\u975e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u7701<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u5176\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(3)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u8f6c\u673a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1820<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7206\u53d1\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d<span lang=\"EN-US\">1812<\/span>\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u519b\u961f\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u6b66\u529b\u6062\u590d\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7<span lang=\"EN-US\">1821<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">6<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">24<\/span>\u65e5\u5361\u62c9\u535a\u535a\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u80dc\u5229<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u80dc\u5229\u4e5f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u7ed9\u4e88\u5916\u4ea4\u627f\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"104\" align=\"justify\">\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u6280\u5de7\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<span lang=\"EN-US\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5176\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u8054\u76df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u8df5\u884c\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u8054\u76df\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u65e9\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1815<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u6765\u4fe1\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fc7\u3002\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1821<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u5357\u690e\u4f53\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u519b\u961f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u80dc\u5229\u5728\u671b\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ec5\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7ed3\u675f\u5176\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u534f\u8c03\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u53d8\u5f97\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"105\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">1822<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">1<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8054\u76df\u5c06\u4f7f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6b27\u6d32\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1824<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">12<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u5854\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u51fa\u7167\u4f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5efa\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u62c9\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u300a\u81f4\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u516c\u51fd\u300b\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5199\u9053<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u4e00\u767e\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5f53\u540e\u4eba\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u548c\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u65f6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5c06\u6000\u7740\u5d07\u656c\u4e4b\u60c5\u6307\u51fa\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5730\u5ce1\u5927\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f2\u6599\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8054\u76df\u65b9\u6848<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u76df\u6807\u5fd7\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(1)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"106\" align=\"justify\">\u5728\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u770b\u6765<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u76df\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u65b0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u529b\u91cf<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6743\u529b\u5747\u8861\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u8054\u76df\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u624b\u6bb5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8054\u76df\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u516c\u6cd5\u6cd5\u5178\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6839\u672c\u51c6\u5219\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1826<\/span>\u5e74\u521d\u5728\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:<\/span>\u5927\u4f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6210\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u6700\u5353\u8d8a\u6216\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u5b97\u65e8<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d;\u201c<\/span>\u5404\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u79e9\u5e8f\u5c06\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d;\u201c<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u56fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f31<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u56fd\u90fd\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u53ef\u89c1<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8981\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5404\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u8054\u76df<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u8054\u5408\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5e0c\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u8981\u4e48\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8981\u4e48\u6210\u4e3a\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u6ca6\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u8054\u76df\u7684\u5f31\u56fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u89e3\u653e\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5d07\u62dc\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f8e\u6d32\u9700\u8981\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u62b1\u6709\u5929\u771f\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1823<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">8<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u66fe\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u7684\u5021\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u540c\u76df\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u8054\u76df\u4e2d\u5c45\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u4ec6\u4ece<span lang=\"EN-US\">;<\/span>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0e\u5f3a\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u76df\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5f31\u56fd\u5c06\u627f\u62c5\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u4e49\u52a1<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d (3)\u00a0<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"107\" align=\"justify\">\u5728\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b<span lang=\"EN-US\">, 1826<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">6<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">22<\/span>\u65e5\u81f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">7<\/span>\u6708<span lang=\"EN-US\">25<\/span>\u65e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u5728\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u51fa\u5e2d\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u6709\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u90a6\u3001\u5927\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u79d8\u9c81\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u51fa\u5e2d\u5927\u4f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6216\u8bb8\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6de1\u5316\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6028\u6068\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u95f4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u3001\u6700\u6709\u80c6\u8bc6\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u5c1d\u8bd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u4f1a\u8bae\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f88\u6e3a\u832b\u3002\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u667a\u5229\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u82b1\u4e86<span lang=\"EN-US\">18<\/span>\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5230\u9f50\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6d3e\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u5b98\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8377\u5170\u6d3e\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4f1a\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u624d\u5230\u4f1a\u3002\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\u4e89\u7aef<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u52bf\u529b\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e0e\u4f1a\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bbe\u6027\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u539f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u534f\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f1a\u8bae\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u8054\u90a6\u6761\u7ea6<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u300a\u56e2\u7ed3\u3001\u540c\u76df\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u8054\u90a6\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3001\u4e00\u9879<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u519b\u4e8b\u534f\u5b9a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u548c\u4e00\u9879\u4ef2\u88c1\u6761\u7ea6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u53ec\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(5)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"108\" align=\"justify\">\u9274\u4e8e\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u5931\u8d25<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8f6c\u800c\u5021\u8bae\u6210\u7acb\u5305\u62ec\u73bb\u5229\u7ef4\u4e9a\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u548c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8054\u76df<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(6)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u8054\u76df\u76f8\u6bd4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u677e\u6563\u7684\u8054\u5408<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6709\u5173\u5916\u4ea4\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u95ee\u9898<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9c\u5747\u5f52\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u6bd4\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u89c4\u6a21\u8981\u5c0f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u968f\u7740\u5357\u7f8e\u5730\u533a\u8003\u8fea\u7f57\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d8\u9c81\u4e0e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">1830<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">12<\/span>\u6708\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u53bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u524d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8bf4<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6210\u719f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5176\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\u624d\u80fd\u8d62\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd<span lang=\"EN-US\">;<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u529b\u91cf\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d (1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"109\" align=\"justify\">\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5916\u4ea4\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u4e8e<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u51e1\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u548c\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6280\u5de7<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u4f7f\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u652f\u91cd\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u57cb\u5934\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u53ea\u8981\u6ca1\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5728\u6b27\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">, 1830<\/span>\u5e74\u548c<span lang=\"EN-US\">1848<\/span>\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u4e00\u8bae\u9898\u8981\u6bd4\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u76df\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u8054\u76df\u6765\u5236\u8861\u6b27\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u8054\u5408\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u800c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d (2)\u00a0<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u201c<\/span>\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"111\" align=\"justify\">\u5173\u4e8e\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u5982<span lang=\"EN-US\">1819<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">2<\/span>\u6708\u5728\u300a\u5b89\u6208\u65af\u56fe\u62c9\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u300b\u4e2d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u79f0\u4f5c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u653f\u6cbb\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u517b\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5178\u8303<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u6240\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u699c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u5341\u5206\u8d5e\u8d4f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(3)\u00a0<\/sup>;<\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u53c8\u4ee5\u957f\u8fdc\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u773c\u5149\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u8b66\u793a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u53e5\u5b50<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u53d7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5411\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f20\u64ad\u8d2b\u56f0<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\u662f\u5f88\u5371\u9669\u7684<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(5)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"112\" align=\"justify\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5173\u4e8e\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u786e\u4fe1\u65e0\u7591\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u4ed6\u575a\u5b9a\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5fc5\u987b\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7269\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u3001\u9886\u571f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5176\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(6)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(7)\u00a0<\/sup>,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u5bf9\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u597d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u4e3a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u6c11\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u66b4\u653f\u548c\u6076\u4e60\u4e09\u91cd\u67b7\u9501<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(8)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u6240\u675f\u7f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u884c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"113\" align=\"justify\">\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u65e9\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1806\u20141807<\/span>\u5e74\u95f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5c31\u66fe\u5230\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e76\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1813\u20141814<\/span>\u5e74\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u77ed\u6682\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u671f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdc\u5f81\u65b0\u683c\u62c9\u7eb3\u8fbe\u548c\u897f\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u671f\u95f4<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u66fe\u5c61\u6b21\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u63f4\u52a9<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5747\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u62c9\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u516c\u5f00\u6301<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e2d\u7acb<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u6001\u5ea6\u4f7f\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u607c\u6012\u3002\u4ed6\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1815<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u7259\u4e70\u52a0\u6765\u4fe1\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fde\u6211\u4eec\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u6597\u4e89\u90fd\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c2\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(1)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u6001\u5ea6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u80cc\u5730\u91cc\u5374\u4ece\u4e8b\u7740\u540c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8c08\u5224\u8d2d\u4e70\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u9886\u571f\u7684\u4ea4\u6613<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\u53ea\u5411\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d44\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1817<\/span>\u5e74<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e24\u8258\u5411\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u8f93\u9001\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\u53ea<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u8001\u864e\u53f7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u548c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u81ea\u7531\u53f7<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5728\u5965\u91cc\u8bfa\u79d1\u6cb3\u53e3\u88ab\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u519b\u961f\u6293\u83b7\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4ea4\u6d89\u8981\u6c42\u5f52\u8fd8\u8fd9\u4e24\u8258\u8239\u53ea\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u7ea6\u7ff0<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u6b27\u6587\u8bf4<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6b3a\u4fae\u548c\u8f7b\u89c6\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u536b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u529b\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u540c\u80de\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5269\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u80fd\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u4eab\u53d7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5e78\u8fd0\u3002\u5047\u82e5\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u6765\u6b3a\u4fae\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u8bdd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u90a3\u4e48\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u5c06\u50cf\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u90a3\u6837\u540c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4f5c\u6218\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(2)<\/sup><\/span>\u7531\u4e8e\u6b27\u6587\u4e0d\u65ad\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6c42\u5411\u88ab\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u622a\u83b7\u7684\u4e24\u8258\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d54\u507f<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6700\u7ec8\u65ad\u7edd\u4e86\u4e0e\u6b27\u6587\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u4e0e\u6b27\u6587\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u884c\u52a8<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(3)\u00a0<\/sup>,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"114\" align=\"justify\">\u5728\u7b79\u5212\u53ec\u5f00\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u9080\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u52a0\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u8054\u76df\u7684\u3002\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5021\u5bfc\u53ec\u5f00\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u62c9\u7f8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u62b5\u5fa1\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u76df\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u65e9\u6709\u62c5\u5fe7<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1826<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bbe\u6027\u8054\u76df\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5728\u5176\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e8b\u552f\u4e00\u63d0\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u79c9\u6027\u53ca\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u65b9\u65e5\u76ca\u52a0\u6df1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5dee\u8ddd<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u503e\u5411\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u53e6\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6700\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5a01\u80c1\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Anglocentrism) ,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u6765\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u9080\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f1a\u5192\u72af\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(5)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5c31\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5c06\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7f6e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u4e0b<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u51fa\u5e2d\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u53c2\u4e0e\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u5408<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"115\" align=\"justify\">\u65e0\u8bba\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6700\u521d\u6ca1\u6709\u9080\u8bf7\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u52a0\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u5927\u4f1a\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u600e\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6df1\u5904<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u4e16\u754c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5747\u662f\u6307\u7684\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u540e\u6765\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(6)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u4ed6\u8fd8\u66fe\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u6211\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u7f8e\u6d32\u82f1\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u6df7\u540c\u8d77\u6765\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(7)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u867d\u7136\u662f\u6cdb\u7f8e\u8054\u5408\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5021\u5bfc\u8005<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u6cdb\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u6cdb\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u524d\u8005\u662f\u6307\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3001\u8054\u5408<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3a\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u6b9a\u7cbe\u7aed\u8651\u3001\u79ef\u6781\u5954\u8d70\u4e4b\u65f6<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8a79\u59c6\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u95e8\u7f57<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(James Monroe)\u00a0<\/span>\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6709\u5173\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3b\u5f20<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u95e8\u7f57\u5ba3\u8a00<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u95e8\u7f57\u5ba3\u8a00<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f53\u7cfb\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d\u201c<\/span>\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u548c<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u4e0d\u518d\u6b96\u6c11\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u5176\u4e2d\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f53\u7cfb\u539f\u5219<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u4e0e\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f53\u7cfb\u539f\u5219\u5176\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u897f\u5c5e\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4e3b\u5f20\u5927\u9646\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u8054\u5408\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d (Bolivarism)\u00a0<\/span>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u5c31\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u6c11\u65cf\u89c9\u9192\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u662f<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u53cd\u6620\u62c9\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u5927\u9646\u6027\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u6216<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u62c9\u7f8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u3002<sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(1)\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u4f55\u585e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u5df4\u65af\u5b54\u585e\u6d1b\u65af<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Jos\u00e9Vasconcelos)\u00a0<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u547c\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u7406\u60f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u5316\u7684\u672c\u5927\u9646\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u90a6<span lang=\"EN-US\">;<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u547c\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u76ce\u683c\u9c81<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u2014<\/span>\u6492\u514b\u900a\u7684\u7406\u60f3<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5373\u628a\u4e8c\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u897f\u8bed\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u6cdb\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u7edf\u4e00\u8fdb\u5317\u7f8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(2)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u62c9\u7f8e\u62b5\u5fa1\u6b27\u6d32\u5f3a\u56fd\u6216\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(3)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u53e4\u5df4\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4f55\u585e<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u9a6c\u8482<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Jos\u00e9Mart\u00ed)\u00a0<\/span>\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1891<\/span>\u5e74\u66f4\u4ee5\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u300b\u4e3a\u9898<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u544a\u8beb\u62c9\u7f8e\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11<span lang=\"EN-US\">, \u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<\/span>\u6b63\u5728\u9047\u5230<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u9669\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u672c\u8eab<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u672c\u5927\u9646\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(4)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2705655694,1867791003&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=660&amp;h=440\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"116\" align=\"justify\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u535a\u5f08<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u5728<span lang=\"EN-US\">1825<\/span>\u5e74\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u524d\u4ed6\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>\u4ed6\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201c<\/span>\u56fd\u9645\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u5982\u540c\u6885\u7279\u6d85\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u610f\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(5)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">1983<\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u83b1\u5965\u6ce2\u591a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00b7<\/span>\u585e\u4e9a<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0(Leopoldo Zea)\u00a0<\/span>\u603b\u7ed3\u9053<span lang=\"EN-US\">:\u201c<\/span>\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u73b0\u5728\u4e43\u81f3\u4ee5\u540e\u4ecd\u5c06\u662f\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u9646\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u8054\u5408\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002<span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d<sup>\u00a0(6)\u00a0<\/sup><\/span>\u4ed6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u5de7\u4e00\u6837\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6240\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u548c\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u4eba<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u8bbe\u60f3\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u6784\u7b51\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u5f31\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u62c9\u7f8e\u8054\u5408\u7684\u5927\u9646\u6027\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9<span lang=\"EN-US\">,\u00a0<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u65e0\u8bba\u5bf9\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3001\u5bf9\u62c9\u7f8e\u4e43\u81f3\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5747\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5b59\u82e5\u5f66 \u6458\u00a0\u8981\uff1a \u897f\u8499\u00b7\u73bb\u5229\u74e6\u5c14\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,5],"tags":[1054,8243,8010,7681],"views":720,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29794"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29796,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29794\/revisions\/29796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}