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\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u770b\u5230\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u719f\u6089\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u548c\u7a0e\u6536\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u627f\u5305\u4e86\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\uff08\u4eca\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u7a0e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u4e13\u5356\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5229\u6da6\u7279\u522b\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u5355\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u519c\u6751\u57a6\u6b96\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u63a0\u593a\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u66fe\u653e\u624b\u8ba9\u534e\u4fa8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u62bd\u51fa\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u4ea7\u6295\u5165\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u770b\u51c6\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u70ed\u5e26\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u7269\u4ea7\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u8272\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u6930\u5b50\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u3001\u80e1\u6912\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u6d3e\u4eba\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e02\u573a\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f9b\u4e0d\u5e94\u6c42\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5927\u529b\u5f00\u57a6\u8352\u829c\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u79cd\u690d\u4e1a\u30021866\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u845b\u7f57\u5df4\u57e0\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u88d5\u548c\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u5f00\u57a6\u8352\u5730\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u79cd\u690d\u6930\u5b50\u3001\u5496\u5561\u3001\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u80e1\u6912\u3001\u8336\u53f6\u7b49\u70ed\u5e26\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u57a6\u6b96\u533a\u95f4\u79cd\u6742\u7cae\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u30021875\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u7684\u963f\u9f50\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u4e9a\u9f50\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\u30021877\u5e74\u548c1878\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u6021\u5398\u521b\u529e\u7684\u88d5\u4e1a\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u722a\u54c7\u65e5\u91cc\u521b\u529e\u7684\u7b20\u65fa\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u6709\u6a61\u80f6\u56ed\u516b\u5904\uff0c\uff0c\u76f4\u5f84\u767e\u4f59\u91cc\uff0c\u96c7\u5de5\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u519c\u573a\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u6930\u5b50\u3001\u5496\u5561\u3001\u6a61\u80f6\u3001\u80e1\u6912\u3001\u8336\u53f6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u53e3\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u540e\u53d7\u5230\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u751f\u6d3b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u9500\u552e\u6e20\u9053\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u57a6\u6b96\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u6355\u6349\u5404\u79cd\u5546\u673a\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u5404\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u60e0\u5dde\u548c\u5609\u5e94\u5dde\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u6f02\u6d0b\u8fc7\u6d77\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u5f00\u9521\u77ff\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ddf\u5ba2\u5bb6\u540d\u8d24\u5f20\u715c\u5357\uff08\u5f20\u6995\u8f69\uff09\u3001\u8c22\u68a6\u6c60\u3001\u6234\u6b23\u7136\u7b49\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7684\u9739\u96f3\u5dde\u62c9\u5f8b\u548c\u5409\u9686\u5761\u7684\u6697\u90a6\u7b49\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u62dc\u8bbf\u524d\u8f88\u5ba2\u5bb6\u5bcc\u5546\u90d1\u666f\u8d35\uff08\u539f\u7c4d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u589e\u57ce\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u9521\u77ff\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5174\u65fa\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u5b9a\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u5f00\u53d1\u9521\u77ff\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u82f1\u5c5e\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u5f6d\u4ea8\u5dde\u6587\u4e1c\u57e0\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e1c\u5174\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u77ff\u5c71\uff0c\u5f00\u91c7\u9521\u77ff\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u90d1\u666f\u8d35\u3001\u53f6\u4e9a\u6765\u7b49\u9521\u77ff\u5927\u4ea8\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6b27\u6d32\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5f00\u91c7\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u9521\u77ff\u5f00\u91c7\u91cf\u5927\u589e\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u65e9\u5c31\u8ddf\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\u8d38\u6613\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7528\u8ddf\u6b27\u6d32\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u51fa\u53e3\u9521\u77ff\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u9022\u6b27\u6d32\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9521\u505a\u7f50\u5934\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f7f\u9521\u7c73\u4ef7\u683c\u98de\u6da8\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u9521\u77ff\u51fa\u53e3\u989d\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u7ffb\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u500d\uff0c\u5355\u662f\u9521\u77ff\u5f00\u91c7\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u4ed6\u83b7\u53d6\u5de8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd8\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u5411\u56fd\u5185\u6c47\u6b3e\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5174\u65fa\u4e00\u4e8b\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6765\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u5370\u5c3c\u6dd8\u91d1\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u94b1\u6c47\u56de\u56fd\u5185\u7ed9\u5bb6\u4eba\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5546\u673a\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u91cc\u5f00\u8bbe\u65e5\u91cc\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u529e\u7406\u534e\u4fa8\u50a8\u5151\u548c\u4fa8\u6c47\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u6c47\u6b3e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5e7f\u5927\u534e\u4fa8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5f97\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece1898\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53c8\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u4e0e\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5927\u529b\u6269\u5c55\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u69df\u57ce\u5f00\u529e\u4e86\u4e07\u88d5\u5174\u57a6\u6b96\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e07\u88d5\u5174\u603b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5e94\u63a5\u5404\u57e0\u652f\u5e97\u6c47\u5151\u8d22\u8d27\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53c8\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6ce8\u89c6\u5230\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u79cd\u690d\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u77ff\u4e1a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u8fbe\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u6765\u5370\u5c3c\u6dd8\u91d1\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u8d5a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u94b1\u3002\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7279\u522b\u61c2\u5f97\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u5370\u5c3c\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u57ce\u5e02\u4f4f\u623f\u90fd\u662f\u4f4e\u77ee\u7684\u8305\u5c4b\u6216\u94c1\u76ae\u5c4b\u7b49\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5438\u5f15\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5bcc\u5546\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u68c9\u5170\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7684\u69df\u6994\u5c7f\u98ce\u666f\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u6d77\u6ee9\u5927\u5174\u571f\u6728\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u897f\u5408\u74a7\u7684\u9ad8\u6863\u522b\u5885\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bcc\u5546\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4e1a\u63a8\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u679c\u65ad\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8d5a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u94b1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u7cfb\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u7684\u836f\u6750\u7684\u6279\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ece\u5370\u5c3c\u6279\u53d1\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u540d\u8d35\u836f\u6750\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u7ecf\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u836f\u884c\u6279\u53d1\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd0\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u540d\u8d35\u836f\u6750\u53ca\u897f\u836f\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u836f\u884c\u6279\u9500\u7684\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u51e0\u4e4e\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u6c9f\u901a\u4e86\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u836f\u6750\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u6269\u5c55\u7ecf\u8425\u836f\u6750\u4e1a\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u548c\u5e7f\u5dde\u7b49\u5730\u5f00\u8bbe\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u836f\u884c\uff0c\u6269\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u836f\u6750\u5e02\u573a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u768430\u591a\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u547d\u8109\u7684\u77ff\u4ea7\u3001\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u3001\u822a\u8fd0\u3001\u836f\u4e1a\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u4ed6\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u52301869\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8fbe\u52308000\u4e07\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\uff0c\u6bd4\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\uff087000\u4e07\u4e24\uff09\u8fd8\u591a1000\u4e07\u4e24\uff1b\u6bd4\u5f53\u65f6\u6c5f\u5357\u9996\u5bcc\u80e1\u96ea\u5ca9\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u591a\u51fa5000\u4e07\u4e24\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff01\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u534e\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u53ef\u5339\u654c\u7684\u5bcc\u7fc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ea6\u5b98\u4ea6\u5546\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u9876\u5546\u4eba\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1892<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u82f1\u516c\u4f7f\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u5949\u547d\u8003\u5bdf\u6b27\u7f8e\u5bcc\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u9014\u7ecf\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u8425\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u8ddf\u4ed6\u63a5\u6d3d\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8981\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u5230\u8fbe\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u540e\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7ed9\u4e88\u70ed\u60c5\u63a5\u5f85\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u98ce\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u8be2\u95ee\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u53d1\u8d22\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e0d\u5047\u601d\u7d22\u5730\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u543e\u4e8e\u8377\u5c5e\uff0c\u5219\u6cd5\u674e\u514b\uff0c\u52a1\u5c3d\u5730\u5229\uff1b\u543e\u4e8e\u82f1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5219\u6cd5\u767d\u572d\uff0c\u4e50\u89c2\u4e8b\u53d8\u3002\u6545\u4eba\u5f03\u6211\u53d6\uff0c\u4eba\u53d6\u6211\u4e0e\uff0c\u5f81\u8d35\u8d29\u8d31\uff0c\u64cd\u5947\u81f4\u8d62\uff0c\u529b\u884c\u5219\u52e4\uff0c\u62e9\u4eba\u4efb\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u53d1\u80fd\u6536\u3002\u4ea6\u5982\u5415\u5c1a\u4e4b\u8c0b\uff0c\u5b59\u5434\u7528\u5175\uff0c\u5546\u9785\u884c\u6cd5\uff0c\u82e5\u667a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6743\u53d8\uff0c\u52c7\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u51b3\u65ad\uff0c\u4ec1\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u53d6\u4e88\uff0c\u5f3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u5b88\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b66\u65af\u672f\u3002\u543e\u670d\u81ba\u65af\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u6b64\u4e3a\u52a1\uff0c\u9042\u81f3\u9976\u88d5\uff0c\u975e\u6709\u5f02\u672f\u65b0\u6cd5\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u542c\u4e86\u542c\u540e\u5927\u52a0\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff0c\u7d27\u63e1\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u624b\uff0c\u6fc0\u52a8\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u975e\u5546\u754c\u4e2d\u4eba\uff0c\u4e43\u5929\u4e0b\u5947\u624d\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u5927\u5f00\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7406\u5ff5\u5fc3\u60a6\u8bda\u670d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u9f9a\u7167\u7457\u8003\u5bdf\u6b27\u6d32\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6781\u529b\u5411\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3e\u8350\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u3002\u5927\u81e3\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u542c\u4e86\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u89c2\u5ff5\u8d5e\u8d4f\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bcc\u6c11\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u594f\u8bf7\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u548c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e3a\u9a7b\u69df\u57ce\u9996\u4efb\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6b23\u7136\u53d7\u547d\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6210\u4e86\u540d\u626c\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u9876\u5546\u4eba\u201d\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5347\u4efb\u4e3a\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u56e2\u7ed3\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7ecf\u8425\u548c\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u65b9\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u30021898\u5e74\u5317\u6d0b\u5927\u81e3\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7535\u53ec\u4ed6\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u4efb\u4ee5\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u5e2e\u529e\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5347\u4efb\u603b\u529e\uff0c1900\u5e74\u518d\u5347\u4efb\u4e3a\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7763\u529e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1900<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u516b\u56fd\u8054\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u80fd\u6218\u8d25\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e27\u6743\u8fb1\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u8f9b\u4e11\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u6761\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u8d54\u6b3e\u767d\u94f64.5\u4ebf\u4e24\uff0c39\u5e74\u8fd8\u6e05\uff0c\u6309\u672c\u606f\u7b97\uff0c\u8981\u8d54\u507f9.8\u4ebf\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6e05\u671d\u56fd\u5e93\u7a7a\u865a\uff0c\u6025\u9700\u7b79\u96c6\u8d44\u91d1\u7ef4\u6301\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5f00\u652f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u662f\u5357\u6d0b\u9996\u5bcc\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u7ecf\u5546\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c1903\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u53ec\u89c1\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7279\u5730\u5411\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0a\u5448\u4e00\u9053\u300a\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4f8d\u90ce\u594f\u9648\u632f\u5174\u5546\u52a1\u6761\u8bae\u300b\u594f\u672d\u3002\u5728\u594f\u672d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u76f4\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u65f6\u5e93\u6b3e\u652f\u7ecc\uff0c\u8d22\u529b\u56f0\u5fae\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u7b79\u96c6\u5de8\u8d44\uff0c\u627f\u529e\u4e00\u5207\u8005\uff0c\u60df\u4ef0\u8d56\u4e8e\u5546\uff1b\u519c\u3001\u5de5\u3001\u8def\u3001\u77ff\u8bf8\u653f\u5fc5\u987b\u5f52\u5e76\u5546\u90e8\u4e00\u90e8\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e8b\u6743\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u5546\u6218\u4e4b\u5229\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5802<\/p>\n

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\n

1904<\/span>\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u83b7\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u53ec\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e0a\u9648\u594f\u672d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4e0a\u9648\u53d1\u5c55\u5546\u52a1\u768412\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\u632f\u5174\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5546\u667a\u672a\u5f00\uff0c\u5546\u529b\u8f83\u5fae\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u56fd\u83ab\u4e0d\u85c9\u5546\u6218\u4ee5\u4e89\u5229\u4e8e\u4e2d\u539f\u3001\u5546\u52a1\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5df2\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u652f\u4e4b\u52bf\u3002\u5c45\u4eca\u65e5\u800c\u601d\u8865\u6551\uff0c\u56e0\u975e\u62db\u81f4\u5916\u57e0\u534e\u5546\u7ef4\u6301\u5546\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u95ed\u5173\u81ea\u5b88\u3001\u91cd\u519c\u6291\u5546\u7684\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\uff1b\u5728\u6295\u8d44\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u5411\u6d77\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u6295\u8d44\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u5c1d\u95fb\u4e16\u4e4b\u7b56\u5546\u52a1\u8005\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u66f0\u62db\u5f95\u5916\u6d0b\u534e\u5546\u632f\u5174\u519c\u5de5\u8def\u77ff\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f46\u5927\u80c6\u63d0\u51fa\u5438\u5f15\u6d77\u5916\u6295\u8d44\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\u8981\u641e\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5f00\u8def\u3001\u5f00\u77ff\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u5f02\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u8c08\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8981\u8ba4\u7956\u5f52\u5b97\uff1a\u201c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7956\u5b97\u5e90\u5893\u4e4b\u601d\uff0c\u97f5\u4e4b\u4ee5\u8863\u9526\u8fd8\u4e61\u4e4b\u4e50\u3002\u201d\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba4\u7956\u5f52\u5b97\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u4e61\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5728\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u51d1\u96c6\u534e\u8d44\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u7b51\u8def\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f00\u77ff\u4e00\u533a\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u534e\u8d44\u7528\u5728\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u7b51\u8def\u3001\u5f00\u77ff\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u77ff\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5148\u5bfc\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u6240\u4fa7\u91cd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4ee5\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u57e0\u534e\u5546\uff0c\u7c4d\u96b6\u95fd\u3001\u7ca4\u8005\uff0c\u5341\u4eba\u800c\u4e5d\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u539a\u8d44\u5584\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\uff0c\u6307\u4e0d\u80dc\u5c48\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u632f\u5174\u5546\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u975e\u81ea\u95fd\u5e7f\u7b49\u7701\u5165\u624b\u4e0d\u53ef\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u7531\u5546\u57e0\u62e9\u5176\u58f0\u671b\u7d20\u7f55\u4e4b\u5458\uff0c\u594f\u8bf7\u7279\u6d3e\u8003\u5bdf\u5916\u57e0\u5546\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u7763\u529e\u95fd\u3001\u5e7f\u519c\u4e4b\u8def\u77ff\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u534e\u5546\u4e4b\u4efb\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5148\u7531\u7763\u529e\u51d1\u96c6\u534e\u6b3e\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u7b51\u8def\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f00\u77ff\u4e00\u533a\uff0c\u57a6\u79cd\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4e8b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u8457\u6709\u6210\u6548\uff0c\u662d\u793a\u5927\u4fe1\uff0c\u518d\u529d\u534e\u5546\u51fa\u5176\u8d44\u8d22\u627f\u529e\u5404\u9879\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u6781\u529b\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u7531\u5357\u800c\u5317\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6269\u5145\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u589e\u4ebf\u5146\u4e4b\u8d44\uff0c\u5229\u6743\u65e2\u633d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6743\u81ea\u5c0a\uff0c\u6218\u80dc\u4e4b\u673a\uff0c\u56fa\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5728\u6298\u51b2\u95f4\u77e3\u201d\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u62f3\u62f3\u7231\u56fd\u4e4b\u70ed\u5ff1\uff0c\u6bb7\u6bb7\u81ea\u5f3a\u4e4b\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6ea2\u4e8e\u8a00\u8868\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u7528\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u601d\u60f3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4ee5\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u534e\u5546\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u8fbe\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u806a\u660e\u624d\u667a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u5f88\u5feb\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u9881\u53d1\u300a\u5956\u52b1\u534e\u5546\u516c\u53f8\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u534e\u5546\u529e\u7406\u519c\u5de5\u5546\u5b9e\u4e1a\u7235\u8d4f\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u79cd\u79cd\u4f18\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\u5438\u5f15\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u3001\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u53ec\u89c1\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u5357\u6d0b\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8003\u5bdf\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ecf\u5546\u53d1\u8fbe\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u9648\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7ecf\u5546\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u8ba1\u5212\u540e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u3001\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u6e05\u5ef7\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8d4f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5934\u54c1\u9876\u6234\uff0c\u8865\u6388\u592a\u4ec6\u5bfa\u6b63\u537f\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8003\u5bdf\u5916\u57e0\u7684\u5546\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u517c\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u69df\u57ce\u7ba1\u5b66\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u4efb\u547d\u4ed6\u517c\u529e\u95fd\u5e7f\u519c\u5de5\u8def\u77ff\u4e8b\u5b9c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\uff0c\u6b23\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1905<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5949\u65e8\u56de\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u8ddf\u4fa8\u9886\u5f20\u6995\u8f69\u7b49\u4eba\u5546\u8bae\uff0c\u52a8\u624b\u7b79\u5907\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u534e\u5546\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u548c\u5f20\u6995\u8f69\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u3001\u8bbe\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u69df\u57ce\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u603b\u5546\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u6700\u65e9\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u603b\u5546\u4f1a\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5174\u90a6\u3001\u5229\u4e0d\u5916\u6ea2\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd8\u4eb2\u81ea\u5230\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u5404\u5730\u529d\u5bfc\u534e\u4eba\u8bbe\u5546\u4f1a\u548c\u4e3e\u529e\u534e\u6587\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u6559\u5bfc\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u5b50\u5f1f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4f20\u627f\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53c8\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u540c\u6d4e\u533b\u9662\u5185\u7b79\u7ec4\u4e2d\u534e\u5546\u52a1\u603b\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5357\u6d0b\u6700\u65e9\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u5546\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021907\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u7763\u529e\u94c1\u8def\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u6d0b\u9996\u5bcc\u201d\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u521b\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u521b\u529e\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e9a\u901a\u673a\u5668\u7ec7\u5e03\u5382\u3001\u60e0\u5dde\u798f\u5174\u73bb\u7483\u5382\u3001\u4f5b\u5c71\u88d5\u5174\u673a\u5668\u5236\u7816\u5382\u3001\u6d77\u4e30\u5e73\u6d77\u798f\u88d5\u76d0\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u534e\u5174\u94f6\u77ff\u3001\u4e1c\u5174\u9521\u77ff\u7b49\u5b9e\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5357\u6d0b\u534e\u5546\u5f20\u6995\u8f69\u3001\u5f20\u8000\u8f69\u5144\u5f1f\u5408\u8d44\u5174\u5efa\u6f6e\u6c55\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u636e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ece1903\u5e74\u52301908\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u90e8\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6709265\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f00\u77ff\u8fbe410\u5904\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5411\u6e05\u5ef7\u7684\u4e24\u9053\u594f\u6298\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1897<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e3e\u8350\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7b79\u529e\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u5546\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u8be5\u884c\u603b\u8463\u3002\u55e3\u540e\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4f5b\u5c71\u94c1\u8def\u603b\u529e\uff0c\u517c\u529e\u95fd\u5e7f\u519c\u5de5\u8def\u77ff\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u7763\u529e\u94c1\u8def\u5927\u81e3\u7b49\u8981\u804c\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd8\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5546\u90e8\u8003\u5bdf\u5916\u57e0\u5546\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u517c\u69df\u6994\u5c7f\u7ba1\u5b66\u5927\u81e3\u30021905\u5e74\u4ed6\u7387\u9886\u4e00\u4e2a\u8003\u5bdf\u56e2\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\uff0c\u529d\u8bf4\u534e\u4fa8\u56de\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4fa8\u9886\u3001\u5bcc\u5546\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u51fa\u5e2d\u7684\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u547c\u5401\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u52ff\u5206\u755b\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u89c6\u540c\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u632f\u5174\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u51fa\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u662f\u5357\u6d0b\u5bcc\u5546\u517c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u663e\u8d6b\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5230\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u201c\u60ac\u706f\u7ed3\u5f69\uff0c\u9ad8\u6302\u9f99\u65d7\uff0c\u884c\u8005\u585e\u9014\uff0c\u9a6c\u8f66\u8f70\u8f70\u3002\u89c2\u8005\u5982\u5835\uff0c\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\u4e4b\u76db\u3002\u201d\u53ef\u89c1\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u53d7\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u699c\u6837\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u534e\u4eba\u56de\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5f20\u88d5\u7f8e\u9152\u83b7\u91d1\u5956<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u70df\u53f0\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u521b\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u9884\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u60c5\u7406\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u9884\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5df4\u8fbe\u7ef4\u4e9a\u505a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5236\u9020\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c-\u4ed6\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u70df\u53f0\u5efa\u7acb\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7eaf\u5c5e\u610f\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8<\/p>\n

1890<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4efb\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u9a7b\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u5df4\u57ce\u5546\u52a1\u9886\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u5e94\u9080\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u9152\u5bb4\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4ee5\u4e09\u661f\u65a7\u5934\u724c\u767d\u5170\u5730\u540d\u9152\u62db\u5f85\u8d35\u5bbe\u3002\u5e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5927\u4e3a\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u751a\u4e3a\u5f97\u610f\uff0c\u5174\u9ad8\u91c7\u70c8\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9152\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u53ef\u6bd4\u3002\u8c08\u5230\u5f97\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u95f4\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e09\u661f\u65a7\u5934\u724c\u767d\u5170\u5730\u9152\u662f\u7528\u6cd5\u56fd\u6ce2\u5c14\u591a\u5730\u533a\u76db\u4ea7\u7684\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9020\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c71\u4e1c\u70df\u53f0\u6240\u4ea7\u7684\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9020\uff0c\u9152\u8d28\u51b3\u4e0d\u900a\u8272\u3002\u8bf4\u8005\u65e0\u5fc3\uff0c\u542c\u8005\u6709\u610f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f53\u5373\u95ee\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u70df\u53f0\u4ea7\u7684\u8461\u8404\u80fd\u917f\u9020\u8ddf\u582a\u6bd4\u4e09\u661f\u65a7\u5934\u724c\u767d\u5170\u5730\u9152\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u987f\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u72b9\u8c6b\u7247\u523b\u540e\u8bf4\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6cd5\u519b\u670d\u5f79\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u519b\u9a7b\u5c6f\u5929\u6d25\u9644\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\u5230\u70df\u53f0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u91cc\u6f2b\u5c71\u904d\u91ce\u957f\u7740\u91ce\u751f\u8461\u8404\uff0c\u4fbf\u91c7\u5927\u6279\u8461\u8404\u56de\u8425\uff0c\u7528\u968f\u519b\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u538b\u69a8\u673a\u538b\u6c41\u917f\u9020\uff0c\u5236\u6210\u7684\u9152\u5473\u9053\u9999\u9187\uff0c\u9152\u8d28\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u767d\u5170\u5730\u53ef\u76f8\u4e3a\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u544a\u8bc9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\uff0c\u70df\u53f0\u8ddf\u6cd5\u56fd\u6ce2\u5c14\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u571f\u5735\u3001\u6c34\u8d28\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u79cd\u690d\u8461\u8404\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b98\u5175\u66fe\u8bae\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u74dc\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u8981\u529b\u5360\u9886\u5c71\u4e1c\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u8bbe\u5382\u917f\u9152\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u542c\u540e\u65e2\u6124\u6012\u53c8\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u6b64\u4e8b\u9ed8\u8bb0\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1891<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5e94\u7763\u529e\u94c1\u8def\u5927\u81e3\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u4e4b\u9080\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u70df\u53f0\u65f6\u4efb\u767b\u83b1\u9752\u5175\u5907\u9053\uff08\u8f96\u767b\u5dde\u3001\u83b1\u5dde\u3001\u9752\u5dde\u4e09\u5e9c\uff0c\u9053\u53f0\u8859\u95e8\u8bbe\u4e8e\u70df\u53f0\uff09\u517c\u4e1c\u6d77\u5173\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\uff0c\u70df\u53f0\u5546\u8ba8\u5174\u529e\u94c1\u8def\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u5230\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u70df\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u6b64\u5730\u9760\u5c71\u9762\u6d77\uff0c\u6c14\u5019\u6e7f\u6da6\uff0c\u571f\u8d28\u80a5\u7f8e\uff0c\u786e\u662f\u79cd\u690d\u8461\u8404\u7684\u597d\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u917f\u9020\u51fa\u4f18\u8d28\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3002\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u628a\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f00\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u594f\u6298\uff0c\u4e0a\u594f\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u51c6\u594f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1892<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u51b3\u5b9a\u6295\u8d44300\u4e07\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\uff0c\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u8d2d\u7f6e\u5360\u5730\u5343\u4ea9\u7684\u4e24\u5ea7\u8352\u5c71\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f3000\u4ea9\u8461\u8404\u56ed\uff0c\u96c7\u8bf7\u6c11\u5de52000\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5de5\u4e1a\u56ed\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u5176\u59d3\u6c0f\u201c\u5f20\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u88d5\u201d\u53d6\u610f\u7956\u56fd\u660c\u9686\u5174\u88d5\u7684\u201c\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u917f\u4f18\u8d28\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4ece\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u610f\u7b49\u56fd\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86124\u4e2a\u54c1\u79cd\u548c120\u4e07\u682a\u8461\u8404\u82d7\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7279\u5730\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u536b\u6797\u58eb\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5c0f\u677e\u7b49\u53c2\u4e0e\u5174\u5efa\u5382\u623f\u3001\u8fdb\u53e3\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\uff1b\u516c\u53f8\u5148\u540e\u8fdb\u53e3\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u917f\u9152\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u9ad8\u85aa\u8058\u8bf7\u6cd5\u3001\u610f\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u5965\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u917f\u9152\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd8\u7279\u5730\u8058\u8bf7\u5965\u5730\u5229\u9a7b\u70df\u53f0\u9886\u4e8b\u54c7\u52a1\u7537\u7235\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9152\u5e08\u5df4\u8fea\u58eb\u591a\u5947\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u917f\u9152\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u9a7b\u5728\u5382\u91cc\uff0c\u6309\u897f\u65b9\u529e\u6cd5\u917f\u5236\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u54c7\u52a1\u7537\u7235\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u54c7\u52a1\u4e0d\u4f46\u917f\u9152\u6280\u672f\u7cbe\u6e5b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3a\u4eba\u5fe0\u8bda\u8001\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u628a\u917f\u9152\u91cd\u4efb\u6258\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f84\u5b59\u5f20\u58eb\u4e4b\u4efb\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8bf7\u7cbe\u901a\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b97\u4f84\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u73ed\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u88d5\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6d3e\u4f84\u513f\u5f20\u5b50\u7ae0\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u8461\u8404\u9152\u917f\u9152\u5e08\uff09\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u8d2d\u4e70\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u88ab\u66b4\u6652\u67af\u840e\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f88\u75db\u5fc3\uff0c\u5374\u9f13\u52b1\u4f84\u513f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u80dc\u8d25\u4e43\u5175\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u602a\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u53bb\u4e70120\u4e07\u682a\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u56de\u6765\uff01\u201d\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u6c14\u9b44\u4e0e\u80f8\u6000\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u54c7\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u70df\u53f0\u7684\u8461\u8404\u8d28\u91cf\u867d\u7136\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u54c1\u79cd\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u51fa\u9152\u7387\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u8bae\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u5f15\u8fdb\u201c\u96f7\u53f8\u4ee4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5927\u5b9b\u9999\u201d\u7b49\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6709\u54c1\u79cd\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u826f\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6d3e\u4f84\u513f\u5f20\u5b50\u7ae0\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u8461\u8404\u9152\u917f\u9152\u5e08\uff09\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u8d2d\u4e70120\u4e07\u682a\u4f18\u826f\u54c1\u79cd\u7684\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u8f93\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u88ab\u66b4\u6652\u67af\u840e\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u867d\u7136\u5f88\u75db\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u5f20\u5b50\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u80dc\u8d25\u4e43\u5175\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u602a\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u53bb\u4e70120\u4e07\u682a\u8461\u8404\u82d7\u56de\u6765\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u662f\u4e2a\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\u53ea\u6709\u91d1\u94b1\u8d44\u672c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u201c\u5f20\u88d5\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6253\u901a\u5b98\u573a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u516c\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0e\u901a\u5546\u65b0\u653f\u4e2d\u7ea2\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u548c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6765\u5f80\u5bc6\u5207\uff1b\u732e\u94f630\u4e07\u4e24\u4ee5\u8d3a\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5927\u5bff\u3002\u6e05\u5ef7\u8d50\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5934\u54c1\u9876\u6234\u3001\u592a\u4ec6\u5bfa\u6b63\u537f\u804c\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6210\u4e3a\u6e05\u5ef7\u501a\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u9876\u5546\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1895<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u4eb2\u81ea\u6279\u793a\uff0c\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u4eab\u6709\u514d\u7a0e3\u5e74\u3001\u4e13\u522915\u5e74\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u6c14\u52bf\u5982\u8679\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u4f84\u5b59\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u548c\u4eb2\u621a\u6731\u5bff\u5c71\u7b49\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u7b49\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u917f\u9020\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u5f53\u5382\u623f\u5efa\u9020\u597d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u4efb\u9152\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u917f\u9152\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u54c7\u52a1\u7537\u7235\u917f\u9020\u5e08\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u6cd5\u56fd\u65b9\u5f0f\u917f\u5236\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u9887\u4f73\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u70df\u53f0\u8461\u8404\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u9999\u201d\u60c5\u6709\u72ec\u949f\uff0c\u4ed6\u53eb\u54c7\u52a1\u7537\u7235\u917f\u9020\u5e08\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u917f\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u540d\u7684\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u9999\u201d\u7ea2\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u4ee5\u767d\u8461\u8404\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u836f\u6750\u917f\u6210\u4e86\u5473\u7f8e\u601d\u3001\u767d\u5170\u5730\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u917f\u9152\u5de5\u827a\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u201c\u9648\u5e74\u8001\u9152\uff0c\u8d8a\u9648\u8d8a\u9999\u201d\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f20\u88d5\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d77\u7801\u5f97\u7a96\u85cf5\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u624d\u80fd\u51fa\u5382\u9500\u552e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u767d\u6a61\u6728\u8d2e\u9152\u6876\u8d2e\u9152\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e74\u90fd\u8981\u7ed9\u85cf\u9152\u201c\u8f6c\u6876\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u91cc\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u6876\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6c89\u6dc0\u5728\u5e95\u7684\u7ed3\u6676\u4f53\u9152\u77f3\u9178\u9664\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u9152\u8272\u66f4\u4e3a\u6e05\u7eaf\u3002\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u917f\u9020\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5f20\u88d5\u9152\u8272\u6cfd\u91d1\u9ec4\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u9152\u8d28\u7518\u9187\u5e7d\u9999\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u917f\u9020\u4f18\u8d28\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5efa\u9020\u5730\u4e0b\u5927\u9152\u7a96\uff0c\u9009\u5740\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u6d77\u5cb8\u8fb9\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u7531\u69df\u6994\u5c7f\u5723\u897f\u97e6\u65af\u5b66\u9662\u4e3b\u4fee\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u9020\u53ca\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u4f84\u5b50\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u8bf7\u6765\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u9152\u7a96\u5efa\u7b51\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u65bd\u5de5\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u94c1\u6881\u62f1\u8054\uff0c\u94a2\u7816\u780c\u5899\uff0c\u575a\u56fa\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6d77\u5cb8\u8fb9\u5174\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u5efa\u7b51\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u662f\u6d77\u5cb8\u8fb9\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u94c1\u6881\u94a2\u7816\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\uff0c\u9508\u8680\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65e5\u751a\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5546\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u9752\u77f3\u5408\u6d0b\u7070\uff08\u6c34\u6ce5\uff09\u62f1\u8054\u6539\u9020\u5730\u7a96\uff0c\u873f\u8712\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u68af\u4ea6\u7528\u6c38\u4e0d\u9508\u8680\u7684\u77f3\u6761\u62a5\u9020\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u4e2d\u897f\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u5f20\u88d5\u5730\u4e0b\u5927\u9152\u7a96\u5386\u7ecf\u4e09\u6b21\u6539\u5efa\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57281905\u5e74\u5927\u529f\u544a\u6210\u3002\u9152\u7a96\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef2666\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u7a96\u6df17\u7c73\uff0c\u67098\u00a0\u4e2a\u7eb5\u6a2a\u4ea4\u9519\u7684\u62f1\u6d1e\uff0c\u56db\u5b63\u4fdd\u6301\u7ea6\u6444\u6c0f14\u00a0\u5ea6\u7684\u6052\u6e29\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u5947\u7684\u662f\u5176\u7adf\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u8fbe1\u7c73\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u5de7\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u6210\u5c31\u871a\u58f0\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f20\u88d5\u767e\u5e74\u5927\u9152\u7a96\uff0c\u8fd8\u571f\u77d7\u7acb\u7740\u4e09\u53ea\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a15000\u516c\u5347\u7684\u6a61\u6728\u6876\uff0c\u4eba\u79f0\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u6876\u738b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u662f\u4e2a\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\u53ea\u6709\u91d1\u94b1\u8d44\u672c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u201c\u5f20\u88d5\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u6253\u901a\u5b98\u573a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u516c\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u4e0e\u901a\u5546\u65b0\u653f\u4e2d\u7ea2\u6781\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u548c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u6765\u5f80\u5bc6\u5207\uff1b\u732e\u94f630\u4e07\u4e24\u4ee5\u8d3a\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5927\u5bff\u3002\u6e05\u5ef7\u8d50\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5934\u54c1\u9876\u6234\u3001\u592a\u4ec6\u5bfa\u6b63\u537f\u804c\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6210\u4e3a\u6e05\u5ef7\u501a\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u7ea2\u9876\u5546\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e3a\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u534e\u4fa8\u56de\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u5174\u529e\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u53731895\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4eb2\u81ea\u6279\u51c6\u5f20\u88d5\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u76f4\u96b6\u3001\u5949\u5929\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u7b49\u7701\u4e13\u522915\u5e74\u3001\u514d\u7a0e3\u5e74\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc710\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u917f\u9020\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u582a\u79f0\u8fdc\u4e1c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u81f31908\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5382\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u4ea7\u8461\u8404\u915220\u591a\u4e2a\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u5473\u9053\u6781\u4f73\uff0c\u98ce\u884c\u5168\u56fd\uff0c\u8fdc\u9500\u6d77\u5916\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d35\u5dde\u8305\u53f0\u9152\u7b49\u5e76\u5217\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u516b\u5927\u540d\u9152\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1912<\/span>\u5e748\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8385\u4e34\u70df\u53f0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8d44\u52a9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u201c\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5174\u90a6\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8d5e\u626c\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u53c2\u89c2\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u5730\u9898\u8d60\u201c\u54c1\u91cd\u91b4\u6cc9\u201d\u7ed9\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u54c1\u683c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u5357\u4eac\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6b21\u957f\u9b4f\u5bb8\u7ec4\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u5f88\u9ad8\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u57e0\u5f20\u88d5\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8bbe\u4e00\u5927\u9020\u9152\u5382\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4e9a\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u5382\u2026\u2026\u5f20\u541b\u4ee5\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u6210\u6b64\u5927\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4e4b\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u9898\u8bcd<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5230\u70df\u53f0\uff0c\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u5f20\u88d5\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u69bb\u70df\u53f0\u5f20\u88d5\u522b\u5885\uff0c\u7545\u996e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u540e\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u76f8\u8d60\uff1a\u201c\u6d45\u996e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u79fb\u690d\u4e30\u53f0\u828d\u836f\u82b1\u3002\u66f4\u590d\u6cd5\u534e\u5199\u65b0\u53e5\uff0c\u6b23\u4e8e\u6240\u9047\u5373\u4e3a\u5bb6\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1915<\/span>\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5e74\u903e\u53e4\u7a00\u7684\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\uff0c\u5e94\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u7387\u56e2\u8d74\u7f8e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e2d\u7f8e\u94f6\u884c\u5408\u7ea6\u548c\u7b79\u5907\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u4e09\u85e9\u5e02\u6210\u7acb\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5408\u8d44\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5e76\u4e14\u5e26\u9886\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u51fa\u5e2d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e07\u56fd\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u540d\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b49\u5c55\u5385\u91cc\u53c2\u89c2\u4eba\u7fa4\u7199\u7199\u6518\u6518\uff0c\u6469\u80a9\u63a5\u8e35\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u5c55\u5385\u91cc\u95e8\u53ef\u7f57\u96c0\uff0c\u51b7\u51b7\u6e05\u6e05\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c55\u5385\u65f6\uff0c\u5c55\u5385\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u59d0\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u52a8\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u201c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u201d\u628a\u4e00\u74f6\u8461\u8404\u9152\u6253\u7ffb\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5413\u4e86\u4e00\u8df3\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u9152\u82b3\u9999\u56db\u6ea2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8fd9\u51e0\u4f4d\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u811a\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5c55\u5385\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u95fb\u9999\u800c\u6765\u3002\u5c0f\u59d0\u559c\u7b11\u989c\u5f00\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u5ba2\u4eba\u54c1\u5c1d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5236\u9020\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u8d5e\u626c\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u89e3\u767e\u8872\u3001\u743c\u7476\u6d46\u548c\u96f7\u53f8\u4ee4\u4e09\u79cd\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5747\u83b7\u4f18\u79c0\u5956\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u96c5\u767d\u5170\u5730\u4e00\u4e3e\u8363\u83b7\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u83b7\u5f97\u91d1\u724c\uff0c\u5c06\u53ef\u96c5\u767d\u5170\u5730\u9152\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u5956\u767d\u5170\u5730\u201d\u3002\u201c\u743c\u7476\u6d46\u201d\uff08\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5473\u7f8e\u601d\u201d\uff09\u3001\u201c\u89e3\u767e\u7eb3\u201d\uff08\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u73ab\u7470\u9999\u201d\uff09\u548c\u201c\u96f7\u53f8\u4ee4\u201d\u5219\u83b7\u6700\u4f18\u7b49\u5956\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u51fa\u5e2d\u5e86\u795d\u5bb4\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u6fc0\u52a8\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u6124\u56fe\u5f3a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c45\u4e0a\uff0c\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u540d\u724c\uff01\u201d\u94ff\u9535\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u63b7\u5730\u6709\u58f0\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u5f20\u88d5\u521b\u4e1a\u53f2\u65f6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5907\u5386\u8270\u963b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u63b7\u65e0\u6570\u4e4b\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u8017\u65e0\u91cf\u4e4b\u65f6\u65e5\uff0c\u4e43\u80fd\u4e0d\u8d1f\u521d\u5fd7\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u9152\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb4\u6216\u9ad8\u96c5\u56fd\u9645\u4f1a\u8bae\u7528\u9152\uff0c\u9500\u5f80\u4e94\u6d3270\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e0d\u8870\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u56db\u3001\u201c\u543e\u751f\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6548\u529b\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u548c\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\uff0c\u5bcc\u7532\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u8377\u5170\u5c5e\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\uff0c\u770b\u4e2d\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5c01\u5b98\u8d50\u7235\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u5a49\u8a00\u8c22\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u51b3\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u543e\u751f\u4e3a\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6548\u529b\u3002\u201d\u5b57\u5b57\u73e0\u7391\uff0c\u94ff\u9535\u6709\u529b\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u521b\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u8c6a\u60c5\u6ee1\u6000\u5730\u5bf9\u4fa8\u9886\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u521b\u5174\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u751f\u8272\uff0c\u4e3a\u7956\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u589e\u8f89\u3002\u201d\u62f3\u62f3\u7231\u56fd\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u6ea2\u4e8e\u8a00\u8868\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8425\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u60f3\u4e3a\u7956\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5954\u8d70\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5357\u6d0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u89e6\u52a8\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u66f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\u8981\u632f\u5174\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7956\u56fd\u65e9\u65e5\u5bcc\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1898<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8981\u5230\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u529e\u7406\u5546\u52a1\uff0c\u5631\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ece\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5df4\u8fbe\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5230\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u56db\u5f20\u5b98\u8231\u8239\u7968\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u968f\u884c\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u521b\u529e\u6f6e\u6c55\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5f20\u8000\u8f69\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u804c\u5458\uff0c\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5bb6\u5ead\u533b\u751f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e70\u56de\u7684\u8239\u7968\u5374\u662f\u5b98\u8231\u7968\u4e00\u5f20\uff0c\u7edf\u8231\u7968\u4e09\u5f20\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u628a\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8bad\u65a5\u4e86\u4e00\u987f\u3002\u4e0b\u5c5e\u611f\u5230\u51a4\u6789\uff0c\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e70\u9519\u4e86\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u5356\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5b98\u8231\u7968\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u6b67\u89c6\u534e\u4fa8\u3001\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u51c6\u534e\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u5b98\u8231\u7968\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u90a3\u5f20\u5b98\u8231\u7968\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5fb7\u7c4d\u5bb6\u5ead\u533b\u751f\u7279\u5730\u4e70\u6765\u7ed9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u542c\u540e\u611f\u5230\u53d7\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u708e\u9ec4\u5b50\u5b59\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u4e49\u6124\u586b\u81ba\uff0c\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u6012\uff0c\u5f53\u5373\u628a\u56db\u5f20\u8239\u7968\u6495\u5f97\u7c89\u788e\uff0c\u63b7\u5230\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7528\u811a\u72e0\u72e0\u8e29\u8e0f\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u5730\u543c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u771f\u662f\u5c82\u6709\u6b64\u7406\uff0c\u6b3a\u4eba\u592a\u751a\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u540c\u4e61\u5f20\u8000\u8f69\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u6211\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u51e1\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5356\u7968\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e8e1886\u5e74\u5728\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u69df\u57ce\u521b\u529e\u4e07\u88d5\u5174\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e09\u8258\u8f6e\u8239\u822a\u884c\u4e8e\u69df\u57ce\u3001\u4e9a\u9f50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u751f\u610f\u9887\u597d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u4e07\u88d5\u5174\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u822a\u8fd0\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5fc3\u91cc\u6709\u4e86\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u51b3\u5fc3\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u8fd0\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e89\u5149\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4fbf\u4e0e\u5f20\u6995\u8f69\u3001\u5f20\u8000\u8f69\u6606\u4ef2\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u201c\u88d5\u660c\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5e7f\u798f\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u822a\u884c\u4e8e\u5370\u5c3c\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u6d77\u9762\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u8fd0\u822a\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u822a\u7ebf\u6b63\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u822a\u7ebf\u3002\u98d8\u626c\u7740\u5927\u6e05\u9f99\u65d7\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u521b\u529e\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u8ddf\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u4e0d\u4ec5\u540c\u8d70\u4e00\u6761\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8f6e\u8239\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u89c4\u683c\u5f85\u9047\u7b49\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7968\u4ef7\u51cf\u534a\u3002\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f7f\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u610f\u5174\u9686\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8\u5374\u5927\u4e8f\u8840\u672c\uff0c\u96be\u4e8e\u7ef4\u7ee7\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fd8\u201c\u4ee5\u5176\u4eba\u4e4b\u9053\u8fd8\u6cbb\u5176\u4eba\u4e4b\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u56fd\u65c5\u5ba2\u90fd\u5230\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u8d2d\u7968\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u7edd\u4e0d\u5356\u7968\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff01\u903c\u4f7f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u53d6\u6d88\u6b67\u89c6\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u8ba4\u8f93\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e5f\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u5fb7\u56fd\u8f6e\u8239\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u8981\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u529e\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5546\u4e1a\u662f\u81ea\u5f3a\u81ea\u7acb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u6b3a\u4fae\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u53d1\u5c55\u6d77\u5916\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5b9e\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5bf9\u632f\u5174\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u9664\u4e86\u521b\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5174\u5efa\u5e7f\u4e09\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5f00\u91c7\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u77ff\u5916\uff0c\u4ece1910\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u4ee5\u5de8\u989d\u6295\u8d44\u5174\u529e\u519c\u3001\u5de5\u3001\u8def\u3001\u77ff\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u57a6\u7267\u7b49\u5b9e\u4e1a\u3002\u5148\u5f8c\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e9a\u901a\u673a\u5668\u7ec7\u9020\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u60e0\u5dde\u798f\u5174\u73bb\u7483\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f5b\u5c71\u88d5\u5174\u673a\u5668\u5236\u7816\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u6d77\u4e30\u5e73\u6d77\u5e45\u88d5\u76d0\u7530\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u96f7\u5dde\u666e\u751f\u673a\u68b0\u706b\u6308(\u5373\u62d6\u62c9\u673a)\u57a6\u7267\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u5341\u591a\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u8fdb\u7f8e\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u610f\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5f00\u4fa8\u5546\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u521b\u529e\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u5148\u6cb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u529e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u540d\u79f0\u5927\u591a\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u88d5\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u53d6\u4e2d\u534e\u5b9e\u4e1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u201c\u660c\u88d5\u5174\u9686\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4ed6\u7684\u826f\u82e6\u7528\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e0e\u5f20\u5b63\u76f4\u540c\u88ab\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u5357\u5317\u4e8c\u5f20\u201d\u3002\u5f20\u5b63\u76f4(\u5373\u5f20\u8b07\u30021853\u20141926\u5e74)\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u5357\u901a\u4eba,\u5b57\u5b63\u76f4\uff0c\u53f7\u556c\u5eb5\uff0c\u6e05\u672b\u72b6\u5143\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u6d77\u95e8\u76f4\u96b6\u5385\u5e38\u4e50\u9547\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u5b9e\u4e1a\u6551\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u521b\u529e\u4e8620\u591a\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c370\u591a\u6240\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5927\u751f\u7eb1\u5382\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e0e\u5f20\u5b63\u76f4\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1898<\/span>\u5e74\u5317\u6d0b\u5927\u81e3\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7535\u53ec\u4ed6\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8bf4\u8981\u4ee5\u91cd\u4efb\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8fde\u5fd9\u63a5\u98ce\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u548c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u63a5\u89c1\u4ed6\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4efb\u547d\u4ed6\u4e3a\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u5e2e\u529e\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6b23\u7136\u53d7\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u505a\u4e8b\u4ece\u4e25\u90fd\u662f\u96f7\u5389\u98ce\u884c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62a2\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u62a2\u673a\u9047\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e0d\u6562\u4e45\u7559\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u7687\u5e1d\u4efb\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u9a6c\u4e0d\u505c\u8e44\u56de\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u5b89\u6392\u751f\u610f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u63a5\u624b\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u662f\u7531\u7ca4\u3001\u6e58\u3001\u9102\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u63d0\u51fa\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u884c\u96c6\u80a1\uff0c\u4fee\u7b51\u7ca4\u6c49\uff08\u5e7f\u5dde\u81f3\u6b66\u660c\uff09\u94c1\u8def\u3002\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fee\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u8d22\u529b\u627f\u62c5\u6b64\u4efb\u3002\u4ed6\u4ecd\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b98\u7763\u5546\u529e\u30021896\u5e74\uff08\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff095\u6708\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0b\u4ee4\u4fee\u7b51\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u94c1\u8def\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u5e2e\u529e\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u6020\u6162\uff0c\u52e4\u52e4\u6073\u6073\u7763\u529e\u6b64\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u5de5\u7a0b\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u628a\u4ed6\u5347\u4efb\u4e3a\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7763\u529e\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u7763\u529e\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5c3d\u5fc3\u5c3d\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6000\u7740\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u65e0\u9650\u7737\u604b\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u7ecf\u8425\u6d77\u5916\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c3d\u529b\u7763\u529e\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7763\u529e\u7684\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5173\u5fc3\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u56fd\u89c6\u5bdf\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7ca4\u3001\u6e58\u3001\u9102\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u7ec5\u8981\u6c42\u5e9f\u9664\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5173\u4e8e\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6761\u7ea6\u98ce\u6f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u884c\u9a76\u5728\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5217\u8f66\u8f66\u5934\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u65e9\u57281896\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u5c31\u4e0b\u4ee4\u4fee\u7b51\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u7ca4\u3001\u6e58\u3001\u9102\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u94c1\u8def\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6e05\u5ef7\u5927\u81e3\u76db\u5ba3\u6000\u5374\u901a\u8fc7\u9a7b\u7f8e\u516c\u4f7f\u4f0d\u5ef7\u82b3\uff0c\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u5408\u5174\u516c\u53f8\u5546\u501f\u6d0b\u6b3e4\u767e\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u7f8e\u65b9\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u5f3a\u884c\u585e\u5165\u6d3e\u5458\u52d8\u6d4b\u3001\u7b51\u8def\u5e76\u201c\u7167\u7ba1\u9a76\u8f66\u7b49\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u76f4\u81f350\u5e74\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6e05\u503a\u6b3e\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u56de\u94c1\u8def\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u3002\u7b7e\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u65b9\u62d6\u5ef6\u6267\u884c\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u79c1\u5356\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u80a1\u4efd\u7ed9\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4e07\u56fd\u4e1c\u65b9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u64c5\u81ea\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ca4\u6c49\u8def\u5357\u6bb5\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fee\u7b51\uff0c\u5317\u6bb5\u7531\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4fee\u7b51\u30021904\u5e74\uff0c\u7206\u53d1\u6e58\u3001\u9102\u3001\u7ca4\u4e09\u7701\u7ec5\u5546\u58eb\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u5e9f\u9664\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u51fa\u5356\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6536\u56de\u96c6\u80a1\u81ea\u529e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6545\u5c45<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u770b\u5230\u6e05\u5ef7\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6709\u5931\u56fd\u683c\uff0c\u60f3\u8d77\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6b67\u89c6\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u7ad9\u5728\u7ec5\u5546\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u5411\u6e05\u5ef7\u636e\u7406\u529b\u4e89\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u201c\u4e89\u56de\u81ea\u529e\uff0c\u7ca4\u4eba\u6709\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4f8d\u90ce\u80a9\u4efb\u5176\u4e8b\uff0c\u9102\u7701\u590d\u6709\u5357\u76ae\u5c1a\u4e66\u9f0e\u529b\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u4e0e\u6e58\u7ec5\u540c\u5fb7\u540c\u5fc3\uff0c\u65b9\u8c13\u53ef\u7834\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u6765\u6577\u884d\u8fc1\u5c31\u4e4b\u79ef\u4e60\uff0c\u593a\u5916\u8511\u89c6\u4e4b\u5978\u80c6\uff0c\u7533\u6b63\u4e49\u4ee5\u7edd\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u58ee\u56fd\u5a01\u800c\u4fdd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u4e3e\u3002\u6e05\u5ef7\u6151\u4e8e\u7fa4\u6124\uff0c\u6536\u56de\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5546\u80a1\u81ea\u529b\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7b49\u4eba\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5230\u4e861911\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u94c1\u8def\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7f6e\u7ca4\u3001\u6e58\u3001\u9102\u5546\u7ec5\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u5546\u7ec5\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u628a\u56fd\u5185\u5546\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u96c6\u8d44\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u6536\u56de\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u632b\u4f24\u5546\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u5229\u76ca\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6015\u4e22\u4e4c\u7eb1\u5e3d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u6389\u8111\u888b\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u4e0a\u594f\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u529b\u9648\u94c1\u8def\u6536\u5f52\u56fd\u6709\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u5f53\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e2d\u56fd\u94c1\u8def\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6e05\u5ef7\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5927\u5931\u6240\u671b\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u8150\u8d25\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d8\u9769\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u652f\u6301\u6709\u8bc6\u4e4b\u58eb\u5927\u529b\u6539\u9769\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u800c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u9769\u547d\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\u8150\u8d25\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5927\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u5931\u671b\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u652f\u6301\u513f\u5b50\u5f20\u79e9\u6343\u53c2\u52a0\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e5f\u7ed3\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6177\u6168\u89e3\u56ca\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u80e1\u6c49\u6c11\u6350\u52a9\u4e86\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u767d\u94f630\u4e07\u4e24\u30021911\u5e74\uff0c\u6b66\u660c\u8d77\u4e49\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53c8\u8ddf\u5f20\u8000\u8f69\u4ee5\u5357\u6d0b\u4e2d\u534e\u5546\u4f1a\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u52a8\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u96c6\u8d44\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u9769\u547d\u6350\u8d60\u5de8\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53c8\u5148\u540e\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u987e\u95ee\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u3001\u53c2\u653f\u9662\u53c2\u653f\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u5546\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3001\u5357\u6d0b\u5ba3\u629a\u4f7f\u7b49\u8981\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5fc3\u5fe7\u5929\u4e0b\u3000\u4e50\u5584\u597d\u65bd<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6148\u5584\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5bb6\u4e61\u548c\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u540c\u80de\u5145\u6ee1\u7231\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u6c89\u7684\u7231\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8eab\u5728\u5f02\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u662f\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4e61\u4eba\u6c11\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec4\u6cb3\u5927\u51b3\u53e3\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u503e\u6cfb\uff0c\u6cdb\u6ee5\u6210\u707e\uff0c\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u4eba\u6c11\u4f24\u4ea1\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u79bb\u4e61\u80cc\u4e95\uff0c\u6d41\u79bb\u5931\u6240\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u5bdd\u98df\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4e3a\u540c\u80de\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u906d\u96be\u800c\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u5404\u5730\u53d1\u8d77\u52df\u94f6\u767e\u4f59\u4e07\u4e24\uff0c\u8d48\u6d4e\u707e\u6c11\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u4e3a\u6b64\u8d50\u5efa\u201c\u4e50\u5584\u597d\u65bd\u201d\u724c\u574a\u30021904\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6d77\u9632\u6350\u7b79\u5de8\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5e7f\u4e1c\u6c55\u5934\u662f\u201c\u5609\u5e94\u4e94\u5c5e\u201d\uff08\u5373\u6885\u53bf\u3001\u5174\u5b81\u3001\u4e94\u534e\u3001\u5e73\u8fdc\u3001\u8549\u5cad\u4e94\u53bf\uff09\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5609\u5e94\u5dde\u4eba\u51fa\u5357\u6d0b\uff0c\u90fd\u4ece\u6885\u6c5f\u4e58\u8239\u6cbf\u97e9\u6c5f\u800c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5230\u6c55\u5934\u843d\u811a\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4e58\u706b\u8f6e\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e5f\u662f\u4ece\u6c55\u5934\u4e58\u8f6e\u8239\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u56de\u56fd\u89c6\u5bdf\u6c55\u5934\u540e\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5609\u5e94\u4e94\u5c5e\u5b50\u5973\u4e0a\u5b66\u66f4\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7279\u5730\u5728\u6c55\u5934\u62e8\u6b3e\u5efa\u201c\u80b2\u5584\u5802\u201d\uff0c\u8d2d\u7f6e\u5802\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e3a\u201c\u5609\u5e94\u4e94\u5c5e\u201d\u6c11\u4f17\u4f5c\u798f\u5229\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5609\u5e94\u5b66\u5b50\u52aa\u529b\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u5956\u52b1\u5609\u5e94\u5b66\u5b50\u53d1\u594b\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e3e\u529e\u5b66\u5802\uff0c\u666e\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6e05\u5ef7\u8d5e\u8bb8\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7279\u5730\u8d50\u4ed6\u5fa1\u4e66\u201c\u58f0\u6559\u5357\u66a8\u201d\u533e\u989d\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u4e61\u60c5\u6000\u3002\u5728\u9686\u91cd\u7684\u53d7\u533e\u5178\u793c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6fc0\u52a8\u5730\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d2b\u5f31\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u7686\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u6750\u4e0d\u51fa\u3002\u4eba\u6750\u4e0d\u51fa\uff0c\u7686\u7531\u65bc\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u5174\u2026\u2026\u6211\u7b49\u65c5\u5c45\u5916\u57e0\uff0c\u79ef\u6709\u8d22\u8d44\uff0c\u773c\u89c1\u4ed6\u897f\u56fd\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u57e0\u8bbe\u897f\u6587\u5b66\u5802\u751a\u4e61\uff0c\u53cd\u80fd\u6559\u6211\u534e\u5546\u4e4b\u5b50\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u534e\u5546\u52a1\u6709\u8eab\u5bb6\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u5c82\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2d\u6587\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u6559\u5176\u5b50\u5f1f\u4e4e?\u201d\u62f3\u62f3\u62a5\u56fd\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u6ea2\u4e8e\u8a00\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u8bb2\u6f14\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u542c\u4f17\u65e0\u4e0d\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u638c\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u5927\u57d4\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u653e\u725b\u79cd\u5730\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u8bfb\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5f02\u56fd\u4ed6\u4e61\uff0c\u8bfb\u534e\u6587\u4e66\uff0c\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u5149\u5927\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5357\u6d0b\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e00\u751f\u70ed\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u751f\u5e73\u6240\u6350\u4e49\u6b3e\u8fbe\u6570\u5341\u4e07\u4e24\u94f6\u3002\u5728\u6e05\u5ef7\u4efb\u547d\u4ed6\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u5546\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u517c\u69df\u57ce\u7ba1\u5b66\u5927\u81e3\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521b\u529e\u534e\u6587\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u5b66\u6821\u201d\u5e76\u6350\u8d448\u4e07\u4e24\u94f6\u521b\u529e\u69df\u57ce\u4e2d\u534e\u5b66\u6821\uff1b\u5728\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u521b\u7acb\u534e\u6587\u201c\u5e94\u65b0\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u6536\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u5b50\u5f1f\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a77\u56f0\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7ed9\u4e88\u514d\u8d39\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u662f\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6839\uff0c\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u8981\u843d\u53f6\u5f52\u6839\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u56de\u5f52\u6545\u4e61\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8363\u5b97\u8000\u7956\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u6dfb\u5149\u3002\u5728\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u4e24\u5730\u76f8\u7ee7\u5174\u529e\u4e86\u516b\u6240\u534e\u6587\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1840<\/span>\u5e74\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6ca6\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u82f1\u4eba\u53ea\u91cd\u89c6\u82f1\u4eba\u8d35\u65cf\u5b50\u5f1f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5b50\u5f1f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u91c7\u53d6\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\u8bfb\u4e66\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u66f4\u662f\u96be\u4e0a\u52a0\u96be\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u95fb\u8baf\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5b50\u5f1f\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u5730\u7ed9\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u6350\u94f6\u5341\u4e07\u4e24\u94f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u529e\u5b66\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u534e\u4eba\u5b66\u5b50\u4e4b\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u5168\u519b\u8986\u6ca1\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc3\u60c5\u5f02\u5e38\u6fc0\u6124\uff0c\u6177\u6168\u89e3\u56ca\uff0c\u62ff\u51fa80\u4e07\u5927\u6d0b\u632f\u5174\u5317\u6d0b\u6c34\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1915<\/span>\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8def\u7ecf\u9999\u6e2f\u65f6\uff0c\u6e2f\u82f1\u5f53\u5c40\u7279\u5730\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u201c\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u201d\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u4ed6\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u529e\u5b66\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6e2f\u82f1\u5f53\u5c40\u9881\u53d1\u8363\u8a89\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u76db\u5927\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6177\u6168\u8bb8\u4e0b\u8bfa\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5cad\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u6350\u6b3e\u4fee\u5efa\u6821\u820d\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u540e\u88d4\u9075\u5631\u5728\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b66\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5802\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c1924\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u6881\u7ecd\u6587\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5357\u6d0b\u65c5\u884c\u6f2b\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u6700\u5148\u80af\u727a\u7272\u65e0\u6570\u91d1\u94b1\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u63a8\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u516d\u3001\u843d\u53f6\u5f52\u6839\u8bdd\u4eb2\u60c5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6545\u4e61\u7684\u5c71\u548c\u6c34\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6545\u4e61\u7684\u4eb2\u4eba\u548c\u4e61\u4eb2\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u631a\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u662f\u5728\u6545\u4e61\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5927\u57d4\u7684\u5c71\u533a\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u719f\u6089\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u4e00\u5c71\u4e00\u6c34\uff0c\u5ba2\u5bb6\u7684\u56f4\u9f99\u5c4b\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eb2\u5207\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u68a6\u4e2d\u90fd\u60f3\u8d77\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u677e\u6797\u3001\u7af9\u6797\u3001\u5c0f\u6eaa\u3001\u6c60\u5858\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u521b\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u54fa\u80b2\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u4ed6\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u7ed9\u7c73\u5e97\u8001\u677f\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u625b\u7c73\u3001\u642c\u8fd0\uff0c\u8d77\u65e9\u6478\u9ed1\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f02\u5e38\u8f9b\u82e6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u5fd9\u91cc\u5fd9\u5916\u3001\u6ca1\u65e5\u6ca1\u591c\u4e3a\u8001\u677f\u5356\u547d\uff0c\u6df1\u5f97\u8001\u677f\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5230\u6e29\u59d3\u8001\u677f\u7684\u7eb8\u884c\u5e2e\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52e4\u52b3\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8001\u677f\u5343\u91d1\u6e29\u5c0f\u59d0\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u5f97\u6e29\u8001\u677f\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6e29\u8001\u677f\u628a\u4ed6\u5347\u4e3a\u5e10\u623f\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u6e29\u5c0f\u59d0\u8bb8\u914d\u7ed9\u4ed6\u505a\u504f\u623f\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8001\u5bb6\u7684\u7cdf\u7ce0\u4e4b\u59bb\u4ecd\u7136\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u65f6\uff0c\u963f\u7238\u3001\u963f\u5988\u90fd\u662f\u8015\u7530\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c71\u591a\u5730\u5c11\uff0c\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e00\u8d2b\u5982\u6d17\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6328\u51bb\u53d7\u997f\uff0c\u7238\u5988\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ed6\u65e5\u540e\u8ba8\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u517b\u4e86\u4e2a\u7ae5\u517b\u5ab3\u9648\u6c0f\u3002\u9648\u6c0f\u6e29\u826f\u8d24\u6dd1\uff0c\u5c0a\u8001\u7231\u5e7c\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4e61\u4eba\u597d\u8bc4\u3002\u9648\u6c0f\u4efb\u52b3\u4efb\u6028\uff0c\u5728\u4e61\u4e0b\u79cd\u7530\u79cd\u83dc\uff0c\u780d\u67f4\u5272\u8349\uff0c\u64cd\u6301\u5bb6\u52a1\uff0c\u4f3a\u5019\u516c\u5a46\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f3c\u58eb\u8fc7\u756a\u6253\u5de5\u8f9b\u82e6\uff0c\u963f\u7238\u3001\u963f\u5988\u4e5f\u5f88\u8f9b\u82e6\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u4f7f\u4ed6\u653e\u5fc3\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u8f9b\u82e6\u70b9\u4e0d\u7b97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u5e73\u5b89\u5c31\u662f\u798f\u6c14\u3002\u201d\u9648\u6c0f\u7684\u52e4\u52b3\u8d24\u6dd1\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6751\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u8d5e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u505a\u4f19\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bc4\u4eba\u7bf1\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u94b1\u56de\u5bb6\u770b\u671b\u963f\u7238\u963f\u5988\u548c\u9648\u6c0f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u95e8\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u751f\u610f\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4e1c\u5954\u897f\u8d70\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u7e41\u5fd9\uff0c\u65e0\u6687\u987e\u53ca\u8001\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65f6\u6258\u6c34\u5ba2\u5e26\u4e9b\u725b\u6cb9\u3001\u9762\u7c89\u751a\u81f3\u780d\u67f4\u7528\u7684\u94a2\u952f\u548c\u6311\u6c34\u7528\u7684\u94dd\u5236\u6c34\u6876\uff0c\u90fd\u6258\u6c34\u5ba2\u5e26\u56de\u6765\u3002\u6751\u4eba\u90fd\u8bf4\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u957f\u5927\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u7528\u201d\uff08\u5ba2\u5bb6\u4eba\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u51fa\u606f\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9648\u6c0f\u518d\u82e6\u518d\u7d2f\u4e5f\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u613f\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9648\u6c0f\u5fc3\u5b58\u611f\u6fc0\uff0c\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5e74\u6625\u8282\uff0c\u518d\u5fd9\u90fd\u8981\u56de\u5bb6\u8ddf\u5bb6\u4eba\u5171\u5ea6\u65b0\u6625\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u56de\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u5929\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u62bd\u8eab\u56de\u6765\u62dc\u5019\u7238\u5988\u548c\u8ddf\u9648\u6c0f\u6073\u8c08\u3002\u9648\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e08\u592b\u4e5f\u662f\u4f3a\u5019\u5468\u5168\uff0c\u4eb2\u70ed\u6709\u52a0\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u9648\u6c0f\u603b\u662f\u4eb2\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u9178\u828b\u5934\u548c\u9152\u7cdf\u7c95\u4e24\u9053\u5927\u57d4\u519c\u6751\u4f20\u7edf\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u54c1\u5c1d\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4f53\u8c05\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u7247\u82e6\u5fc3\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5403\u7f62\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8d5e\u4e0d\u7edd\u53e3\uff0c\u79f0\u8d5e\u9648\u6c0f\u505a\u5f97\u597d\u5403\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u5c71\u6751\u8d2b\u7a77\u56f0\u82e6\u4e4b\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u4f73\u80b4\u201d\u3002\u9178\u828b\u5934\u548c\u9152\u7cdf\u7c95\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u4f73\u80b4\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\u4e86\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u592b\u59bb\u5728\u56e2\u805a\u65f6\u523b\u54c1\u5c1d\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4eb2\u60c5\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

19<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6b63\u5fd9\u4e8e\u70df\u53f0\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7b79\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u4e3e\u529e\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd8\u5fd9\u4e8e\u7ca4\u6c49\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5954\u6ce2\u4e8e\u5357\u6d0b\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u6687\u987e\u53ca\u8001\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u9648\u6c0f\u52b3\u7d2f\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u79ef\u91cd\u96be\u8fd4\uff0c\u75c5\u5367\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u9648\u6c0f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u60f3\u5ff5\u7740\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u7279\u5730\u53ee\u5631\u516c\u5a46\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u544a\u77e5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u75c5\u51b5\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u65f6\u4ece\u5357\u6d0b\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u70df\u53f0\u3001\u5e7f\u5dde\u7b49\u5730\u95f4\u65e5\u591c\u5954\u6ce2\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4f53\u529b\u4e5f\u6e10\u611f\u4e0d\u652f\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u5bb6\u770b\u671b\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u7231\u59bb\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9648\u6c0f\u4e45\u6cbb\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u62b1\u61be\u79bb\u5f00\u4eba\u4e16\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u6b63\u5728\u5357\u6d0b\u7b79\u5efa\u51e0\u95f4\u534e\u6587\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5669\u8017\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u809d\u80a0\u5bf8\u65ad\uff0c\u60b2\u75db\u6b32\u7edd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65f6\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u62bd\u8eab\u8fd4\u4e61\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u7126\u6025\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u5f53\u65f6\u6765\u5f80\u5357\u6d0b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e58\u5750\u706b\u8f6e\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u8981\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e0a\u6f02\u4e03\u5929\u4e03\u591c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8f97\u8f6c\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u77e5\u9053\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u7779\u7ed3\u53d1\u4e4b\u59bb\u9057\u5bb9\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u6025\u7535\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u505c\u67e9\u4ee5\u5f85\u5176\u5f52\u540e\u65b9\u53ef\u5b89\u846c\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u516c\u52a1\u9699\u95f4\uff0c\u4e13\u7a0b\u56de\u5230\u5927\u57d4\u8001\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e3b\u6301\u846c\u793c\uff0c\u539a\u846c\u9648\u6c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5728\u7b79\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u8461\u8404\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5931\u53bb\u5fc3\u7231\u7684\u4f84\u5b50\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u521b\u529e\u5f20\u88d5\u917f\u9152\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u59cb\uff0c\u70df\u53f0\u90ca\u5916\u4e00\u7247\u8352\u51c9\u3002\u5176\u7231\u4f84\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u662f\u4ed6\u6295\u8d44\u521b\u4e1a\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u5f97\u529b\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u7b79\u5efa\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5458\u6df1\u53d7\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u5fc3\u534f\u529b\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u628a\u5de5\u5382\u5efa\u6210\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u60e8\u6de1\u7ecf\u8425\u768420\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u8eab\u517c\u603b\u8463\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7b49\u8981\u804c\u3002\u5728\u6280\u672f\u628a\u5173\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4efb\u52b3\u4efb\u6028\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u751a\u4e3a\u611f\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u50a8\u9152\u5730\u7a96\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e24\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u6311\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u8425\u5efa\u91cd\u4efb\uff0c\u4e45\u4e45\u653b\u5173\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ba3\u544a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u957f\u671f\u79ef\u52b3\u6210\u75be\u53ca\u5c61\u906d\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u5f20\u6210\u537f\u4ee5\u81f4\u8eab\u5fc3\u4ea4\u7601\uff0c\u5410\u8840\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u7518\u7f62\u624b\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4fee\u6539\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u867d\u5df2\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u4ecd\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u8ba9\u4eba\u7528\u624b\u63a8\u8f66\u63a8\u4e0a\u5de5\u5730\u5de1\u89c6\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7ec8\u56e0\u75c5\u4eba\u818f\u76f2\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u6781\u4e3a\u865a\u5f31\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u82e6\u82e6\u601d\u7d22\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5934\u53d1\u5168\u767d\u4e86\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u9152\u7a96\u653b\u5173\u5f97\u80dc\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u53bb\u4e16\u6e98\u7136\u53bb\u901d\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec5\u56db\u5341\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u95fb\u8baf\uff0c\u60b2\u75db\u81f3\u6781\u3002\u9664\u5c06\u7559\u4f5c\u81ea\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8d35\u68fa\u6728\u8d60\u5b50\u7231\u4f84\u6b93\u846c\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u7279\u5730\u4ece\u5357\u6d0b\u5954\u8d74\u70df\u53f0\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u9686\u91cd\u846c\u793c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

1916<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b79\u63aa\u4e2d\u7f8e\u94f6\u884c\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u5e74\u8fc8\u4f53\u5f31\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u56de\u5230\u5357\u6d0b\u56db\u5904\u63a5\u6d3d\uff0c\u79ef\u52b3\u6210\u75be\uff0c\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e749\u6708\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5df4\u57ce\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7476\u5c81\u3002\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u4e34\u7ec8\u9057\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u6b7b\u846c\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u8ba3\u6587<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u9075\u7167\u9057\u5631\uff0c\u5c06\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u7075\u67e9\u4ece\u5df4\u57ce\u8fd0\u56de\u6545\u4e61\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5927\u57d4\u53bf\u9ec4\u5802\u8f66\u8f6e\u576a\u6751\u5b89\u846c\u3002\u636e\u5f20\u6c0f\u5bb6\u85cf\u300a\u5148\u8003\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u5e9c\u541b\u751f\u5e73\u4f20\u7565\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a\u201c\u7075\u67e9\u81ea\u5df4\u57ce\u8fc7\u69df\u6994\u5c7f\uff0c\u53ca\u7531\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u81f3\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u8377\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7686\u4e0b\u534a\u65d7\u5fd7\u54c0\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u82f1\u7763\u53ca\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u5747\u4eb2\u4e34\u81f4\u796d\u3002\u201d\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u7684\u7075\u67e9\u4ece\u9999\u6e2f\u5165\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u7075\u821f\u7531\u6c55\u5934\u6eaf\u97e9\u6c5f\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd0\u56de\u5927\u57d4\u53bf\u65f6\uff0c\u97e9\u6c5f\u4e24\u5cb8\u6c11\u4f17\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6446\u8bbe\u8def\u796d\uff0c\u8bbe\u7272\u796d\u5960\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u5f97\u5669\u8017\u540e\u4e0d\u80dc\u60b2\u75db\uff0c\u7279\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u5230\u7075\u524d\u656c\u732e\u82b1\u5708\uff0c\u633d\u8054\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u9152\u8363\u83b7\u91d1\u5956\uff0c\u98d8\u9999\u4e07\u56fd\uff1b\u602a\u6770\u8d62\u5f97\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u6d41\u82b3\u5343\u53e4\u3002\u201d\u5bf9\u5f20\u5f3c\u58eb\u53ca\u5176\u91d1\u5956\u767d\u5170\u5730\u7ed9\u4e88\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

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