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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5173\u9451\u5b50<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u4e5f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6b64\u65f6\u6587\u8054\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u8054\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u90e8\u95e8\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u97f3\u4e50\u6307\u6325\u30021921\u5e74\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4eac\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u6821\u58f0\u4e50\u8bfe\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c1926\u5e74\u540c\u5de6\u7ffc\u8fd0\u52a8\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u5c0f\u91ce\u5bab\u5409\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6295\u8eab\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u827a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u63a5\u89e6\u5b66\u4e60\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u8457\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ece\u7a7a\u60f3\u5230\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\u7b49\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u732e\u201d[10]\u30021929\u5e74\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u8054\u76df(PM)\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u5458\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u827a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d[11](P38-41)\u3002\u4f46\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5230\u53f3\u7ffc\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5f39\u538b\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\u88ab\u8feb\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u5730\u6de1\u51fa\u4e86\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u81f3\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u624d\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u6295\u8eab\u5230\u4e86\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f53\u4e2d\u30021946\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c17\u5c4a\u4e2d\u592e\u52b3\u52a8\u8282\u2469\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ea7\u522b\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u5de6\u7ffc\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b56\u5212\u4e86\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5bab\u57ce(\u5373\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u7687\u7684\u4f4f\u6240)\u524d\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u53ec\u5f00\u9762\u5411\u5de5\u519c\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u53d7\u5728\u65e5\u5171\u8d1f\u8d23\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u85cf\u539f\u60df\u4eba\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u300a\u8d64\u65d7\u6b4c\u300b\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6b4c\u300b\u4e24\u9996\u5408\u5531\u66f2\u76ee\u7684\u6307\u6325\u3002\u56e0\u7f18\u9645\u4f1a\uff0c\u5173\u9451\u5b50\u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\u540c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000(\u4e8c)\u65e5\u5171\u3001\u9752\u5171\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u81ea1922\u5e747\u670815\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5de6\u7ffc\u653f\u515a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u66fe\u53d8\u66f4\u515a\u540d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u900f\u89c6\u65e5\u5171\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53f2\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u6355\u6349\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u65e5\u5171\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u5c06\u201c\u6b4c\u58f0\u201d\u540c\u201c\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5171\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u673a\u6784\u3001\u66fe\u4e8e\u6218\u65f6\u88ab\u8feb\u89e3\u6563\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5171\u4ea7\u9752\u5e74\u540c\u76df(\u5171\u9752)\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5e74\u5171\u4ea7\u540c\u76df(\u9752\u5171)\u30021946\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5171\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5982\u7ec4\u5efa\u5408\u5531\u961f\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u52df\u96c6\u5177\u6709\u97f3\u4e50\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9752\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

1947\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u961f\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff1b1948\u5e742\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u961f\u51fa\u6f14\u9752\u5171\u6210\u7acb2\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\uff1b\u540c\u5e747\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9752\u5171\u5e72\u90e8\u5b66\u6821\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6108\u53d1\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5927\u962a\u3001\u4eac\u90fd\u3001\u795e\u6237\u3001\u5948\u826f\u3001\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u7b49\u5173\u897f\u4e2d\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u6f14\u3002\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u8fd8\u5411\u5404\u5730\u6d3e\u9063\u4e86\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e13\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u8bbe\u7acb\u4eac\u90fd\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u3001\u5173\u897f\u5408\u5531\u56e2(\u5927\u962a)\u3001\u795e\u6237\u9752\u5e74\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u3001\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u9752\u5e74\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u5206\u56e2\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u8f90\u5c04[12]\u3002<\/p>\n

1949\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u9752\u5171\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u9752\u5e74\u56e2(\u6c11\u9752)\uff0c\u9752\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u7684\u56e2\u540d\u4e5f\u53d8\u66f4\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6307\u4ee4\u8981\u6c42\u66b4\u529b\u9547\u538b\u65e5\u5171\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4e3a\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e8e1951\u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u8131\u79bb\u6c11\u9752\u5b9e\u73b0\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4e0e\u65e5\u5171\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5374\u672a\u66fe\u5207\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u76df\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u64a4\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u5171\u518d\u5ea6\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4e5f\u59cb\u7ec8\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u65e5\u5171\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u5728\u5404\u5730\u516c\u6f14\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4f53\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u5728\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u5404\u5730\u6d3e\u9063\u56e2\u5458\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u4eba\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4e2d\u592e\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u540c\u65e5\u5171\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u56e0\u7f18\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u540c\u5404\u5927\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u3001\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6b4c\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6d41\u4f20\u5f00\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u5404\u5927\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u5531\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u51dd\u5fc3\u805a\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u65af\u5927\u6797\u548c\u5e73\u5956<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

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