\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u9c8d\u59c6<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8bb8\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u7d22\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4e1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668(machine-wrecking)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ecd\u5f88\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e13\u4e1a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u672c1950\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u5c06\u5362\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8(Luddism)\u5355\u5355\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u624e\u514b\u96f7\u8d77\u4e49(Jacquerie)\u201d;\u800c\u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6743\u5a01\u5219\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u66b4\u52a8\u7565\u8fc7\u4e0d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u6697\u793a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6fc0\u52a8\u548c\u4ea2\u594b\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u5ff5\u8981\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u673a\u5668\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd;\u53e6\u5916\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u97e6\u4f2f\u592b\u5987(the Webbs)\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e(Fabian)\u7684\u540c\u50da\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u53f2\u89c2\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u533a\u5206\u89c2\u70b9(views)\u548c\u5047\u8bbe(assumptions)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e7\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u8005\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u771f\u7406\u8d1f\u9685\u987d\u6297\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u6b64\u771f\u7406\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u60a6;\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5219\u662f\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u534f\u5546\u6765\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u3002\u800c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5047\u8bbe\u5219\u662f\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u60b2\u60e8\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u3001\u6478\u7d22\u5730\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u5934\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5bf9\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u5927\u52bf\u6240\u8d8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u60c5\u8fd9\u573a\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u671b\u53d6\u80dc\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u53d7\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u4f53\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u81f4\u8d77\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u7684\u6f2b\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u632b\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9690\u542b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u524d\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\u5de5\u4eba\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6d4f\u89c8\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u5b64\u6ce8\u4e00\u63b7\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u53ca\u9000\u8d25\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u4e8e1815\u81f31848\u5e74\u95f4\u5c61\u89c1\u4e0d\u9c9c\u2014\u2014\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u6df1\u9083\u7684\u8fc7\u5f80\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5371\u9669\u3002\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u624d\u544a\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u8bba\u5c31\u77e5\u8bc6\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6b64\u5c40\u9650\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u7136\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u90fd\u88ab\u968f\u540e\u7684\u632b\u8d25\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\uff1a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u6bdb\u7eba\u4e1a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u5168\u9500\u58f0\u533f\u8ff9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u5174\u8d77\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4e00\u8e76\u4e0d\u632f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u6bdb\u7eba\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4f1a\u52bf\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u5c31\u70df\u6d88\u4e91\u6563\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u6f20\u89c6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u662f\u6f5c\u85cf\u4e8e\u7838\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u3001\u66b4\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u6bc1\u574f(\u6216\u662f\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u884c\u52a8)\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u5362\u5fb7\u5206\u5b50\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u66ff\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u5e38\u60c5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece1811\u5e74\u81f31813\u5e74\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u6218\u5f79\u7a0d\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u66f4\u52a0\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u6765\u9547\u538b\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u8c03\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e07\u4e24\u5343\u540d\u519b\u4eba\u6765\u9547\u538b\u5362\u5fb7\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5a01\u7075\u987f\u5c06\u519b(Wellington)\u4e8e1808\u5e74\u5728\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u4f5c\u6218\u6240\u7387\u9886\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5362\u5fb7\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5148\u5165\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7838\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7ea6\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0(\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u7aef\u7684\u8bdd)\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u52301830\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u54c8\u8499\u5fb7\u592b\u5987(Hammonds)\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u519c\u573a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u79f0\u4e3a1830\u5e74\u201c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u867d\u7136\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u6467\u6bc1\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u519c\u573a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u57fa\u4e8e\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u5362\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5927\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u6216\u65e9\u6216\u665a\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5362\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u632b\u8d25\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u66fe\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b66\u5668<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u601d\u8003\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6297\u8bae\u9ad8\u6602\u7269\u4ef7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u66b4\u52a8\u4e2d\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u7838\u6bc1\u884c\u4e3a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1811\u5e74\u5728\u5170\u5f00\u590f\u90e1(Lancashire)\u4ee5\u53ca1826\u5e74\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1(Wiltshire)\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bc1\u635f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6068\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7838\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5916\u5305\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba(putters-out)\u65bd\u538b\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u521a\u521a\u6240\u63d0\u9192\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\u90e1(Nottinghamshire)\u3001\u83b1\u65af\u7279\u90e1(Leicestershire)\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6bd4\u90e1(Derbyshire)\uff0c\u5362\u5fb7\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u4e0d\u8bba\u65b0\u65e7\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u903c\u8feb\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u6237\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5382\u4e0e\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7838\u6bc1\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e0e\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6363\u6bc1\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u9488\u5bf9\u539f\u6599\u3001\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u89c6\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u635f\u5bb3\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u6765\u8bf4\u6700\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u3007\u4e8c\u5e74\u6270\u6518\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\u7684\u526a\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5de5\u4eba\u711a\u6bc1\u4e86\u5e72\u8349\u5806\u3001\u8c37\u4ed3\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5e03\u5546\u7684\u517b\u72d7\u573a\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6811\u6728\u780d\u5012\u800c\u4e14\u6bc1\u574f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e03\u5339\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u501f\u7531\u66b4\u52a8\u6765\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u201d\u7684\u76db\u884c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u4ee5\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u5462\u6599\u5546\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u4e00\u516b\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u95f4\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u7740\u8981\u62c6\u6bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u623f\u820d\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u711a\u6bc1\u5236\u6210\u54c1\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b54\u5e94\u7ec7\u5de5\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u516d\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e03\u5e74\u5728\u8428\u9ed8\u585e\u7279\u90e1(Somerset)\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\u3001\u683c\u6d1b\u65af\u7279\u90e1(Gloucestershire)\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1(Devon)\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec7\u5de5\u201c\u95ef\u5165\u2018\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u7834\u574f\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7684\u2019\u623f\u820d\uff0c\u6bc1\u574f\u6bdb\u6599\uff0c\u5c06\u7eba\u7ec7\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u5e03\u6599\u526a\u65ad\u540c\u65f6\u6bc1\u635f\u751f\u4ea7\u7528\u5177\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u50cf\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u573a\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e09\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6885\u5c14\u514b\u820d\u6bcd(Melksham)\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u578b\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u5f00\u5934\u662f\u7531\u5de5\u4eba\u201c\u5c06\u5c5e\u4e8e\u79d1\u5c14\u7279\u8d6b\u65af\u7279(Coulthurst)\u7684\u7eba\u7ec7\u673a\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u7eb1\u526a\u65ad\u2026\u2026\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ed6\u524a\u51cf\u516c\u8ba2\u4ef7\u683c\u201d\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e0a\u4e66\u4f26\u6566\u5f53\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c7\u4e3b\u62d2\u7edd\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u96c7\u7528\u5916\u5730\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u62c5\u5fc3\u4ece\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bdb\u6599\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u5728\u591a\u6709\uff0c\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7164\u77ff\u5de5\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u8fbe\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u91c7\u53d6\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u7684\u624b\u6bb5(\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6297\u8bae\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u98df\u7269\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u725f\u53d6\u66b4\u5229\u7684\u5978\u5546\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e8b\u8d1f\u8d23)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bfa\u6851\u4f2f\u5170(Northumberland)\u7684\u7164\u77ff\u533a\uff0c\u711a\u6bc1\u77ff\u5751\u5165\u53e3\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5927\u578b\u66b4\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u8ba9\u77ff\u5de5\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u8c03\u6da8\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u51e0\u6b21\u66b4\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u7838\u70c2\uff0c\u7164\u88ab\u653e\u706b\u711a\u6bc1\uff0c\u77ff\u5de5\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6297\u4e89\u4e2d\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5e74\u5ea6\u5951\u7ea6\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5c61\u5c61\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u711a\u6bc1\u91c7\u77ff\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ecd\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1d\u5fb7\u6797\u987f[Bedlington,\u8fbe\u52d2\u59c6\u90e1(Durham)]\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u6363\u6bc1\u4e86\u77ff\u5751\u5751\u9876\u7ede\u5347\u88c5\u7f6e(Windinz-gear)\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u7591\uff0c\u7838\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u57281778\u5e74\u8457\u540d\u7684\u66b4\u52a8(\u5362\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u8eab)\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u62b5\u6297\u524a\u51cf\u5de5\u8d44\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u654c\u89c6\u673a\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5(\u5c31\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u6363\u6bc1\u884c\u52a8\u5e26\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e5f\u65e0\u788d\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u6210\u7acb)\u3002\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u65bd\u4ee5\u95f4\u6b47\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5176\u7ef4\u6301\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff1a\u5f53\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u50cf\u77ff\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5458\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u5951\u7ea6\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u5c31\u6bd4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u65ad\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6765\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u88ab\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c0f\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u5230\u5bb6\u6237\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u65f6\u671f\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7565\u5177\u96cf\u5f62\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u96c7\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u51fa\u5356\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e88\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u6bd4\u8f83\u539f\u59cb\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u548c\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7ea0\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u66b4\u52a8\u6216\u662f\u6363\u6bc1\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6bd4\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6765\u5f97\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u6709\u201c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u9769\u547d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u76fe\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7eba\u7ec7\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u8f83\u4e3a\u65e7\u5f0f\u7684\u6b27\u9646\u5730\u533a\u90a3\u4e9b\u804c\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7(journeymen association)\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5de5\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u6297\u4e89\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u611f(solidarity)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\u7684\u4e61\u9547\u804c\u5458\u5728\u4ed6\u4e00\u516b\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8d34\u5207\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u9488\u7ec7\u5de5\u6b63\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u96f7\u6c0f(J.and George Ray)\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u5927\u591a\u96c7\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u7eba\u7ec7\u673a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9488\u7ec7\u5de5\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u79df\u501f\u7eba\u7ec7\u673a\u7ed9\u9488\u7ec7\u5de5\uff0c\u201c\u4e14\u501f\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5de5\u4eba\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e00\u81f4\u6765\u4f7f\u96c7\u4e3b\u5c31\u8303\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u4ee5\u6363\u6bc1\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6765\u5411\u96c7\u4e3b\u5ba3\u6218\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u6237\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u548c\u519c\u820d\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u51fa\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u505c\u5de5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u6297\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u4ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u96c7\u4e3b\uff0c\u635f\u6bc1\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8981\u631f\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u539f\u6599\u4e0e\u5236\u6210\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u5e03\u4e1a\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4e0e\u5e03\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u6363\u6bc1\u7eba\u7ec7\u673a\u6765\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u534a\u4e61\u6751\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u70e7\u6bc1\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u5e72\u8349\u5806\u3001\u8c37\u4ed3\u4e0e\u623f\u820d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u6536\u652f\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4f4d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u8bc1\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b69\u63d0\u65f6\u4ee3\u8d77\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6bdb\u7eba\u4e1a\u4ece\u5bb6\u6237\u751f\u4ea7\u5236\u5230\u5de5\u5382\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u201c\u8981\u5207\u8bb0\uff0c\u201d\u6797\u90a3\u5c14\u591a\u00b7\u91cc\u6208\u62c9(Rinaldo Rigola)\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6563\u4f17\u3002\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e95\u7136\u3001\u5206\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u53ea\u4f1a\u7528\u793a\u5a01\u3001\u55a7\u54d7\u3001\u6b22\u547c\u3001\u53d1\u51fa\u5618\u58f0\u3001\u606b\u5413\u4e0e\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5362\u5fb7\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u7834\u574f\u751f\u4ea7\u5c1a\u672a\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u6597\u4e89\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u7edd\u975e\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8206\u8bba\u6240\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5728\u5185\u3002\u5148\u9a71\u5de5\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u8005\u4e00\u9762\u5012\u5730\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u8bfa\u4e01\u6c49\u90e1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u96c7\u4e3b\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c01\u662f\u7834\u574f\u7ec7\u889c\u673a\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u8be6\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5362\u5fb7\u5206\u5b50\u906d\u5230\u8c34\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\uff0c\u5462\u6599\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u548c\u5c0f\u96c7\u4e3b\u540c\u60c5\u526a\u7f8a\u6bdb\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u57281802\u5e74\u771f\u6b63\u5236\u9020\u4e8b\u7aef\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u67e5\u4e2a\u6c34\u843d\u77f3\u51fa\u3002\u7f57\u68ee\u6234\u5c14(Rossendale)\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u4e0e\u5462\u6599\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a8\u529b\u7ec7\u5e03\u673a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7838\u6bc1\u52a8\u529b\u7ec7\u5e03\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\u3002\u57281830\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u8d77\u4e49\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u7279\u90e1\u8f9b\u767b\u9547(Hindon)\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u533a\u6267\u4e8b\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u66b4\u6c11\u8fd8\u672a\u5c06\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7834\u574f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u519c\u573a\u4e3b\u5df2\u7ecf\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u906d\u7834\u574f\u4e4b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u6885\u5c14\u672c\u52cb\u7235(Lord Melburne)\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e00\u4efd\u63aa\u8f9e\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u516c\u544a\uff0c\u544a\u8beb\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u5efa\u8bae\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u5668\u4e8e\u6253\u8c37\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\u201d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u884c\u653f\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u201c\u673a\u5668\u5c31\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6363\u6bc1\u673a\u5668\u6709\u6548\u5417?<\/p>\n
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