{"id":34957,"date":"2024-02-17T09:28:03","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T01:28:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=34957"},"modified":"2024-02-17T09:28:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-17T01:28:03","slug":"%e8%92%8b%e4%bb%8b%e7%9f%b3%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%8e%9f%e5%a4%a7%e6%88%98%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e6%99%8b%e7%bb%a5%e5%86%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=34957","title":{"rendered":"\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u664b\u7ee5\u519b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\u4f5c\u8005:\u674e\u5b9d\u660e<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u540e \uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6781\u529b\u524a\u5f31\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u664b\u7ee5\u519b \uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5 \uff1a\u6216\u501f\u52a9\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u4e4b\u624b \uff0c\u6216\u5206\u5316\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u9886\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u975e\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0 \uff0c\u4ece\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u96c6\u56e2\u4e5f\u6700\u7ec8\u80cc\u5f03\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u5317\u4f10\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u6d88\u9664\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u5168\u56fd\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u5728\u5927\u9646\u7ed3\u675f\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6539\u7f16\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e3a\u4f8b\u2460\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6d88\u9664\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u540e<\/strong>\u6574\u7f16\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u5931\u8d25<\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u5317\u4f10\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u63d0\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u519b\u653f\u519b\u4ee4\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u76f8\u7ee7\u4e3e\u5175\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e3a\u62c9\u62e2\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u51fa\u5175\u5173\u5185\uff0c\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7531\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u5904\u7406\u5317\u65b9\u5584\u540e\u3002\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u662f\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6df1\u77e5\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u4e0d\u79bb\u5f00\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u6574\u7f16\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6574\u7f16\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u6c42\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u8fdb\u9a7b\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u79bb\u5f00\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u6574\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u81f4\u7535\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u62d2\u7edd\u6539\u7f16\u548c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u62d2\u7edd\u51fa\u56fd\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u5c71\u897f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u5f15\u8bf1\u77f3\u53cb\u4e09\u8fdb\u653b\u5c71\u897f[1](p.207)\u3002\u5728\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u5a01\u903c\u4e0b\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u907f\u8d70\u5927\u8fde\uff0c\u848b\u4ecd\u5411\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e58\u6b64\u664b\u519b\u60f6\u60d1\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u901f\u6d3e\u5f97\u529b\u519b\u961f\u5584\u5c06\uff0c\u9886\u5148\u5360\u9886\u592a\u539f\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u5584\u540e\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b64\u5c24\u4e3a\u4e0a\u7b56\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[1](p.124\uff5e125)\u7531\u4e8e\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u51fa\u5175\u5c71\u897f[1](p.163)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
1930\u5e745\u6708\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e8e\u51fa\u5175\u524d\u8a93\u5e08<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6b32\u5f7b\u5e95\u5272\u65ad\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u540c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u547d\u4e0e\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u751a\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5c06\u9886\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u5584\u540e\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u5584\u540e\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u95ee\u9898\u81f4\u7535\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\uff1a\u201c\u51af\u3001\u960e\u65e2\u79bb\u664b\uff0c\u5e94\u4e58\u673a\u4ece\u901f\u89e3\u51b3\u664b\u7ee5\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u591c\u957f\u68a6\u591a\uff0c\u6050\u751f\u4ed6\u53d8\u3002\u5f1f\u987b\u8bf7\u5144\u4ece\u901f\u9074\u4fdd\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5168\u6743\u529e\u7406\u519b\u653f\u5584\u540e\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e3a\u960e\u6240\u5229\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u960e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u8d77\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u3002\u201d[2](p.124\uff5e125)\u4e2d\u539f\u6218\u4e8b\u521a\u521a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u848b\u4e0e\u5f20\u521d\u6b65\u5546\u5b9a\u6682\u7531\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7684\u5e55\u50da\u8d75\u6234\u6587\u8d1f\u8d23\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5584\u540e\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u4eba\u9009\u662f\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u3002\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e8e1927\u5e74\u7387\u90e8\u5728\u6dbf\u5dde\u4e0e\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5bf9\u5cd9\uff0c\u575a\u5b883\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u6307\u6325\u624d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u7559\u4e0b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u5f20\u5411\u5085\u900f\u9732\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5085\u5374\u62c5\u5fc3\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u53cd\u5bf9\u800c\u529b\u8f9e\u3002\u5f20\u53c8\u5728\u848b\u9762\u524d\u4fdd\u8350\u5546\u9707\u3002\u5546\u9707\u662f\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\uff0c1914\u5e74\u968f\u9655\u897f\u90fd\u7763\u9646\u5efa\u7ae0\u5165\u9655\uff0c1916\u5e74\u7387\u90e8\u6295\u960e\u30021926\u5e74\u5546\u9707\u51fa\u4efb\u7ee5\u8fdc\u90fd\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\u4e4b\u5fc3\u30021928\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u6cb3\u5317\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u540e\uff0c\u5546\u9707\u8d2d\u4e70\u67aa\u652f\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u57f9\u690d\u79c1\u4eba\u52bf\u529b[3](p.160)\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53d1\u8868\u5546\u9707\u4e3a\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30021928\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5317\u4f10\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u66fe\u5ba3\u79f0\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u88c1\u53bb10\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u8005\u7f16\u4e3a12\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u672a\u7f16\u9063\u3002\u4ece1929\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u7f16\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u5171\u7f16\u6709\u6b65\u517510\u4e2a\u519b\uff0c4\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b89\u7eb5\u961f\uff0c\u9a91\u51754\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u70ae\u51757\u4e2a\u65c5[3](p.139\uff5e141)\u3002\u5927\u6218\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5168\u90e8\u9000\u5165\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u636e\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u6b65\u517510\u4e2a\u519b30\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u517190\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u70ae\u517510\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u9a91\u51755\u4e2a\u5e08\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u53ec\u89c1\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u961f\u6574\u7f16\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f20\u62df\u5c06\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6574\u7f16\u4e3a\u6b65\u51754\u4e2a\u519b\uff0c\u6bcf\u519b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e08\u4e24\u65c5\u56db\u56e2\u5236\uff0c\u517132\u4e2a\u56e2\uff1b\u9a91\u51751\u4e2a\u65c5\u51713\u4e2a\u56e2\uff1b\u70ae\u5175\u540c\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u848b\u7684\u8d5e\u540c[2](p.130\uff5e131)\u3002\u4f46\u5f20\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e86\u53d8\u901a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u6dfb\u8bbe\u62a4\u8def\u519b\u53ca\u664b\u5317\u3001\u592a\u539f3\u4e2a\u8b66\u5907\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e81\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6848\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8868\u793a\u540c\u610f[4](p.544\uff5e545)\u30021931\u5e746\u6708\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5411\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u9881\u53d1\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u756a\u53f7\uff1a\u7b2c32\u519b\u519b\u957f\u5546\u9707\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c66\u300167\u5e08\uff1b\u7b2c33\u519b\u519b\u957f\u5f90\u6c38\u660c\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c68\u300169\u5e08\uff1b\u7b2c34\u519b\u519b\u957f\u6768\u7231\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c70\u300171\u5e08\uff1b\u7b2c35\u519b\u519b\u957f\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c72\u300173\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u519b\u957f\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6768\u7231\u6e90\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7edd\u5bf9\u4eb2\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8fd8\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d1\u653e\u7f16\u9063\u7ecf\u8d39\u6311\u8d77\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5bf9\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u5927\u6218\u521a\u521a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u848b\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u82e5\u4e0b\u91ce\u51fa\u56fd\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u7f16\u9063\u7ecf\u8d39\u53ef\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u8d1f\u62c5[4](p.503)\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u848b\u53c8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u62ee\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u8d1f\u62c5\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u7f16\u9063\u8d39\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u81ea\u7b79\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u62e8\u7ed9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b80\u4e07\u5143\u4ee5\u5907\u6574\u7f16\u3002\u4f46\u848b\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u636e\u62a5\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u9664\u6c47\u5f80\u5916\u6d0b\u786e\u6570\u5728\u4e00\u4e07\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u664b\u8d22\u4ea7\u5c1a\u591a\u3002\u524d\u5e74\u960e\u9006\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u53bb\u7f16\u9063\u8d39\u8db3\u5343\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u5c06\u960e\u4e4b\u8d22\u4ea7\u53d8\u4ef7\u5145\u516c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5145\u7f16\u9063\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u53ea\u80fd\u8865\u52a9\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53e6\u7b79\u664b\u519b\u7f16\u9063\u8d39\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u590d\u7535\u848b\uff1a\u201c(\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u8d22\u4ea7)\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ef7\u503c\u5341\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\u2026\u2026\u4e3a\u6570\u751a\u5fae\uff0c\u65e0\u751a\u8865\u6d4e\uff0c\u6211\u65b9\u7a7a\u62c5\u6ca1\u6536\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6ca1\u6536\u4e4b\u5b9e\uff0c\u94a7\u5ea7\u5bf9\u6b64\u610f\u65e8\u5982\u4f55?\u201d\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5f1f\u610f\u960e\u9006\u5728\u664b\u8d22\u4ea7\u867d\u53ea\u503c\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u67e5\u6284\uff0c\u65b9\u8db3\u8868\u793a\u664b\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u5bf9\u960e\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[2](p.137\u3001143)<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8d39\u5c3d\u5fc3\u673a\uff0c\u6574\u7f16\u540e\u7684\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u8fd8\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff1a\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6309\u7167\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u7684\u7f16\u5236\u6539\u7f16\uff0c\u6bcf\u8fde\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u51e0\u4e4e\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff1b\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u8fd8\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5e08\u989d\u5916\u6dfb\u8bbe\u526f\u5e08\u957f\u3001\u526f\u65c5\u957f\u7b49\uff0c\u5171\u5bb9800\u591a\u540d\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u519b\u5b98\u5219\u5206\u9001\u519b\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5546\u9707\u51fa\u4efb\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\u540e\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5ae1\u7cfb\u5c06\u9886\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u4e8e1931\u5e747\u6708\u7387\u7b2c32\u519b\u7b2c67\u5e08\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65c5\u79bb\u5f00\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u8131\u79bb\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5728\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u540e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u5148\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u5904\u7f6e\u5584\u540e\uff1b\u82e5\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee5\u201c\u527f\u5171\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5316<\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u30021931\u5e748\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u56de\u5230\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u848b\u5f97\u77e5\u540e\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u50ac\u4fc3\u960e\u79bb\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4e5d\u00b7\u4e00\u516b\u201d\u4e8b\u53d8\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u63e1\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u519b\u4e8b\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eb2\u4fe1\u5c06\u9886\u6768\u7231\u6e90\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u5458\u30021932\u5e742\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u592a\u539f\u7ee5\u9756\u516c\u7f72\uff0c\u4efb\u960e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u8282\u5236\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u638c\u63e1\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u540e\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5c06\u7b2c32\u519b\u7b2c66\u5e08\u7f16\u5165\u7b2c34\u519b\u30021933\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6bcf\u5e08\u4e24\u4e2a\u65c5\u6269\u7f16\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u65c5\u30021934\u5e74\u53c8\u5c06\u5b59\u695a\u7684\u62a4\u8def\u519b\u756a\u53f7\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u6539\u79f0\u7b2c101\u5e08\u30021936\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c1\u30012\u5e08\u3002\u6b66\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5206\u5316\u5176\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u7740\uff0c\u5206\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u6613\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9e\u65bd\u53c8\u8981\u5f00\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
1933\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u5728\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84\u5411\u960e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c06\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e00\u90e8\u62e8\u5f52\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5317\u5e73\u519b\u5206\u4f1a\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u4ee5\u62c5\u4efb\u5bdf\u54c8\u5c14\u7701\u7684\u9632\u52a1\u30023\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u960e\u4ee5\u201c\u56e0\u6307\u6325\u5bdf\u7ee5\u519b\u4e8b\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bdf\u54c8\u5c14\u9632\u52a1\u4ecd\u7531\u5317\u5e73\u519b\u5206\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6301\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7b54\u975e\u6240\u95ee\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e88\u4ee5\u56de\u7edd[5](p.289)\u30021934\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6d3e\u5175\u5230\u6c5f\u897f\u534f\u52a9\u56f4\u527f\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u51b3\u5b9a\u6d3e\u51fa\u7b2c72\u5e08\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u6240\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u72ec\u7acb\u7b2c2\u65c5\u5468\u539f\u5065\u6240\u90e8\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u610f\u7b56\u5212\u6536\u4e70\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u3002\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u6d3e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u5019\u8865\u59d4\u5458\u82d7\u57f9\u6210(\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u7684\u540c\u4e61)\u8054\u7edc\u674e\u30021931\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u4e09\u5c4a\u4e94\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u5019\u8865\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u848b\u4e88\u4ee5\u4e13\u95e8\u53ec\u89c1\u30021934\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u674e\u5949\u8c03\u5e90\u5c71\u519b\u5b98\u8bad\u7ec3\u56e2\u53d7\u8bad\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u8c03\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u7acb\u5373\u5347\u4efb\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u4e3a\u7b2c19\u519b\u519b\u957f\u4ecd\u517c\u7b2c72\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u62c9\u62e2\u3002\u674e\u7387\u519b\u5230\u6c5f\u897f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u6388\u610f\u718a\u5f0f\u8f89\u3001\u987e\u795d\u540c\u3001\u9648\u8bda\u7b49\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b9a\u519b\u6821\u6821\u53cb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5bf9\u674e\u591a\u65b9\u62c9\u62e2\u3002\u6c5f\u897f\u7ea2\u519b\u957f\u5f81\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4efb\u547d\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u4e3a\u5f90(\u5dde)\u6d77(\u5dde)\u8b66\u5907\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u4f7f\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u6c38\u8fdc\u79bb\u5f00\u5c71\u897f\u30021935\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u848b\u8981\u6c42\u960e\u6d3e\u5175\u5230\u9655\u5317\u56f4\u527f\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u5316\u3002\u960e\u7b54\u5e94\u51fa\u5175\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u90e8\u8c03\u56de\u5c71\u897f\u3002\u848b\u4e8e\u662f\u6539\u4efb\u674e\u4e3a\u9655\u5317\u527f\u532a\u603b\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u7387\u7b2c19\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u9655\u5317\u3002\u7136\u960e\u5bf9\u848b\u7684\u5206\u5316\u5df2\u6709\u63d0\u9632\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u90e8\u5f00\u56de\u5c71\u897f\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u6539\u6d3e\u5b59\u695a\u7387\u90e8\u8fdb\u5165\u9655\u5317\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u65b9\u5404\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u82e5\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u5730\u76d8\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u6574\u7f16\u7684\u30021936\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u8fdb\u5165\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u62b5\u6321\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5411\u848b\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5175\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u5c71\u897f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5148\u662f\u6d3e10\u591a\u4e07\u90e8\u961f\u5f00\u5165\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6d3e\u5176\u7231\u5c06\u9648\u8bda\u5230\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u527f\u532a\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u56de\u5e08\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4e0b\u4ee4\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u9009\u6d3e10\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u548c\u9a91\u5175\u3001\u70ae\u5175\u5404\u4e00\u90e8\u8fdb\u5165\u9655\u5317\u56f4\u527f\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u4e3a\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u527f\u532a\u603b\u6307\u6325[6](p.683\uff5e684)\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u5316\u30025\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u674e\u751f\u8fbe\u5728\u79bb\u77f3\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u5bb3\u3002\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u4efb\u547d\u9648\u8bda\u4e3a\u664b\u9655\u7ee5\u5b81\u56db\u7701\u8fb9\u533a\u527f\u532a\u603b\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u4e8e\u592a\u539f\u8bbe\u6307\u6325\u90e8\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u548c\u9655\u5317\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\uff0c\u6446\u51fa\u4e86\u4e45\u9a7b\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u67b6\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\u4e24\u5e7f\u4e8b\u53d8\u3001\u7ee5\u8fdc\u6297\u6218\u548c\u897f\u5b89\u4e8b\u53d8\u76f8\u7ee7\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u4e00\u90e8\u5f00\u9a7b\u7ee5\u8fdc\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u64a4\u51fa\u5c71\u897f\u3002\u6297\u6218\u524d\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5206\u5316\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u672a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u591a\u4e8e\u652f\u6301<\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
1937\u5e747\u6708\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5f88\u5feb\u5931\u53bb\u5c71\u897f\u5927\u90e8\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5176\u519b\u9977\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u591a\u4f9d\u8d56\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62e8\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u4eba\u4e8b\u3001\u6307\u6325\u3001\u8c03\u52a8\u6743\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7262\u7262\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6297\u6218\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5374\u8bbe\u7f6e\u79cd\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e58\u673a\u58ee\u5927\u3002\u4e3a\u9f13\u52b1\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6297\u65e5\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u5bdf\u4e09\u7701\u88ab\u5212\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\uff0c\u960e\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u3002\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u9664\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7b2c19\u300133\u300134\u300135\u519b\u5916\uff0c\u53c8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c61\u519b\u548c\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c1\u519b\u3002\u5728\u5ffb\u53e3\u4f1a\u6218\u548c\u592a\u539f\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u635f\u5931\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u636e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u9ec4\u7ecd\u7ad1\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u6b21\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8ba1\u664b\u7ee5\u519b60\u4f59\u56e2\uff0c\u73b0\u5408\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e8c\u4e07\u4e94\u5343\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u960e\u4e5f\u7535\u544a\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff1a\u201c\u4f24\u4ea1\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u5404\u90e8\u5c1a\u6709\u5175\u529b\u2026\u2026\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u516d\u4e00\u519b\u5171\u7ea6\u4e24\u56e2\u3002\u201d[7](p.552\uff5e553)\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6574\u8865\u201c\u664b\u7ee5\u6b65\u5175\u539f\u4e3a68\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u6574\u7f16\u4e3a58\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u73b0\u53c8\u65b0\u6210\u7acb10\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u5171134398\u4eba\u3002\u9a91\u5175\u539f\u4e3a6\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u73b0\u4ecd\u4e3a6\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u51716584\u4eba\u3002\u70ae\u5175\u539f\u4e3a9\u4e2a\u56e2\u53ca1\u4e2a\u70ae\u5792\u5927\u961f\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u6574\u7f16\u4e3a6\u4e2a\u56e2\uff0c\u73b0\u53c8\u65b0\u6210\u7acb3\u4e2a\u56e21\u4e2a\u70ae\u5792\u5927\u961f\uff0c\u517115383\u4eba\u201d[8](p.2076)\u3002\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u5176\u6297\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u66fe\u6307\u793a\u5bf9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u8981\u201c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u53d1\u6b66\u5668\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u5c55\u5f00\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u6d88\u8017\u654c\u4eba\u4e4b\u4efb\u52a1\u201d[9]\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c1939\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c83\u519b\u548c\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c1\u519b\uff0c1940\u5e743\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c23\u519b\u548c\u7b2c43\u519b\u3002\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5148\u540e\u62e5\u670910\u4e2a\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301940\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u7f16\u67098\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u2461\uff1b1941\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u9010\u6b65\u5c06\u6b65\u5175\u65c5\u6539\u7f16\u4e3a\u6682\u7f16\u5e08\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u4e8614\u4e2a\u6682\u7f16\u5e08\uff0c\u756a\u53f7\u4ece\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c37\u5e08\u81f3\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c50\u5e08\uff0c\u53e6\u6210\u7acb\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c4\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u867d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7684\u6307\u6325\u6743\u9650\u3001\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u5730\u57df\u53ca\u540e\u52e4\u8865\u7ed9\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u505a\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u7684\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u6240\u80fd\u6307\u6325\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u3002\u6297\u6218\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u848b\u63d0\u51fa\u6d3e10\u4e07\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5165\u664b\u534f\u52a9\u9632\u5b88\uff0c\u88ab\u960e\u62d2\u7edd\u30021937\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u6cbf\u5e73\u7ee5\u8def\u897f\u8fdb\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u62db\u67b6\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u848b\u6d3e\u5175\u589e\u63f4\uff0c\u536b\u7acb\u714c\u90e8\u7b49\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u5c71\u897f\u3002\u90e8\u961f\u5f00\u8fdb\u5c71\u897f\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u519b\u961f\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5411\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7edf\u4e00\u519b\u961f\u6307\u6325\u6743\uff1a\u201c\u636e\u536b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u6587\u9149\u7535\u8282\u79f0\u2026\u2026\u664b\u5317\u5404\u519b\u5355\u4f4d\u867d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e0e\u654c\u51b3\u6218\u5728\u5373\uff0c\u6545\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ebf\u5404\u519b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u9002\u673a\u8fd0\u7528\u51b3\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u6536\u6b7c\u654c\u4e4b\u6548\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\u5c71\u897f\u9762\u4e34\u5b58\u4ea1\u5173\u5934\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u519b\u961f\u53c8\u591a\u4e8e\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\uff0c\u960e\u53ea\u5f97\u5c06\u6307\u6325\u6743\u62f1\u624b\u76f8\u8ba9\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u6b21\u664b\u5317\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u867d\u533a\u5206\u4e2d\u3001\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u3001\u4e24\u603b\u9884\u5907\u519b\u5404\u56db\u519b\uff0c\u9664\u5341\u516b\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u5916\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5219\u5747\u5f52\u536b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ee5\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u90e8\u961f\u5747\u5f52\u536b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\u3002\u201d\u5728\u592a\u539f\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u4e2d\u95f4\u53c8\u81f4\u7535\u848b\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u2026\u59d4\u536b\u7acb\u714c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u524d\u654c\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u9664\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u53ca\u7b2c\u516d\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u5916\uff0c\u5747\u5f52\u5176\u6307\u6325\u3002\u201d[7](p.490\u3001547)\u592a\u539f\u5931\u5b88\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u9000\u5230\u664b\u5357\u7684\u4e2d\u6761\u5c71\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u536b\u7acb\u714c\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6218\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u517c\u4efb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u6325\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u5185\u9664\u4e2d\u5171\u519b\u961f\u548c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u519b\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\u960e\u9521\u5c71<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u9664\u5bf9\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7684\u6307\u6325\u6743\u9650\u505a\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u5916\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u533a\u57df\u30021938\u5e7411\u6708\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6218\u533a\u91cd\u65b0\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5c06\u7ee5\u8fdc\u7701\u5212\u5f52\u7b2c\u516b\u6218\u533a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u6539\u8f96\u5c71\u897f\u5168\u7701\u548c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u30021938\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u8981\u6c42\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u541e\u5e76\u7531\u5c71\u897f\u201c\u727a\u7272\u6551\u56fd\u540c\u76df\u4f1a\u201d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u9752\u5e74\u6297\u654c\u51b3\u6b7b\u961f\u201d\u30021939\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u5bf9\u201c\u51b3\u6b7b\u961f\u201d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u201c\u51b3\u6b7b\u961f\u201d\u987d\u5f3a\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u4e8e1940\u5e742\u6708\u547d\u4ee4\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u6d3e\u51fa\u7b2c90\u519b\u6e21\u8fc7\u9ec4\u6cb3\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u664b\u897f[10]\uff1b\u539f\u9a7b\u624e\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u4e5f\u8d81\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u5931\u5229\u4e4b\u9645\u8fdb\u9a7b\u664b\u4e1c\u5357\u3002\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6218\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u9000\u5230\u664b\u897f\u548c\u664b\u5357\u5730\u533a\u30021941\u5e745\u6708\u4e2d\u6761\u5c71\u4f1a\u6218\u5931\u8d25\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u519b\u961f\u9646\u7eed\u64a4\u51fa\u664b\u5357\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u8737\u7f29\u4e8e\u664b\u897f\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u65e5\u519b\u6295\u964d\u30021943\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u7684\u9655\u897f\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u4e5f\u88ab\u5212\u5f52\u7b2c\u516b\u6218\u533a\u3002\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u9664\u4f5c\u6218\u5730\u57df\u72ed\u5c0f\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u88c5\u5907\u3001\u5175\u5458\u548c\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e0a\u5747\u4e0d\u5145\u8db3\uff0c1940\u5e743\u6708\u636e\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u9886\u5230\u7684\u519b\u9977\u4e0d\u8db3\u6807\u51c6\u76841\/4[11]\u3002\u4e2d\u6761\u5c71\u6218\u5f79\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u7275\u5236\u664b\u897f\u5357\u7684\u65e5\u519b\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u6e21\u8fc7\u9ec4\u6cb3\u3001\u8fdb\u72af\u897f\u5317\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u6218\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4ee5\u5927\u90e8\u5175\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u664b\u897f\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u53bf\u5185\uff0c\u5b9e\u5c5e\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u90e8\u4ece\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e2d\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u6297\u6218\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5c06\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u90e8\u4ece\u7ee5\u8fdc\u8c03\u5165\u5c71\u897f\u5883\u5185\u4f5c\u6218\u30021939\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u4efb\u547d\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e3a\u7b2c\u516b\u6218\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u5e76\u8bbe\u7acb\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u90e8\uff0c\u7387\u9886\u7b2c35\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u7ee5\u897f\u6cb3\u5957\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u540c\u65f6\u547d\u4ee4\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u7b2c61\u519b\u8ddf\u968f\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5165\u7ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u62d2\u7edd[6](p.544)\u3002\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4ece\u6b64\u8131\u79bb\u960e\u9521\u5c71\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u4e00\u6d3e\u3002\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u521d\u8fdb\u7ee5\u8fdc\uff0c\u6240\u90e8\u7b2c35\u519b\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c101\u5e08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e08\u7684\u756a\u53f7\u30027\u6708\uff0c\u6269\u7f16\u4e86\u65b0\u7f16\u7b2c31\u3001\u65b0\u7f16\u7b2c32\u5e08\u30021940\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5085\u90e8\u6536\u590d\u4e34\u6cb3\u3001\u4e94\u539f\u7b49\u6574\u4e2a\u6cb3\u5957\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5609\u5956\u6b64\u6b21\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e3a\u5085\u90e8\u589e\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff1a\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c3\u519b(\u8f96\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c11\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c17\u3001\u65b0\u7f16\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c3\u5e08)\u548c\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c4\u519b(\u8f96\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c10\u3001\u65b0\u7f16\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c4\u5e08)\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5175\u5458\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u519b\u7f3a\u7f16\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c4\u519b(1942\u5e7410\u6708\u7531\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c4\u519b\u6539\u79f0)\u53ca\u65b0\u7f16\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c3\u5e08\u88c1\u64a4\uff0c\u4fdd\u75592\u4e2a\u519b7\u4e2a\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u51e0\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u960e\u8c03\u79bb\u5c71\u897f\u30021938\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u63d0\u51fa\u8ba9\u960e\u51fa\u4efb\u897f\u5317\u884c\u8425\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u79fb\u9a7b\u5357\u90d1\u6216\u5929\u6c34[8](p.2112)\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6797\u68ee\u75c5\u6545\uff0c\u848b\u8bf7\u960e\u5230\u91cd\u5e86\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30021943\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u960e\u51fa\u4efb\u897f\u5317\u884c\u8425\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u79fb\u9a7b\u5170\u5dde\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u534e\u5317\u6297\u6218\u90e8\u961f[6](p.638)\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5efa\u8bae\u5747\u88ab\u960e\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5728\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\u4e2d\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u9664\u4fe1\u4efb\u6768\u7231\u6e90\u3001\u738b\u9756\u56fd\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u5c06\u9886\u90fd\u591a\u6709\u7275\u5236\u548c\u63d0\u9632\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u90e8\u4e0b\u63e1\u6709\u91cd\u5175\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u914d\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u4e2d\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u5efa\u5236\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ecd\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u6276\u690d\u4e0e\u8986\u706d<\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u53d1\u52a8\u5185\u6218\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u8282\u8d25\u9000\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5bf9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u4f2a\u519b\u7f16\u6210\u4e865\u4e2a\u7701\u9632\u519b\u30021945\u5e74\u5e95\u52301946\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5168\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u88c1\u51cf\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u88ab\u8feb\u53d6\u6d88\u7701\u9632\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u5b98\u5175\u8865\u5145\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u961f\uff1b\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e5f\u7f29\u51cf\u52305\u4e2a\u519b\u517115\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u7b2c23\u300183\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c1\u519b\u7684\u756a\u53f7\u64a4\u9500\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u73ed\u4eba\u9a6c\u6539\u79f0\u7b2c33\u519b[6](p.573)\u3002\u53d6\u6d88\u4e863\u4e2a\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u548c6\u4e2a\u6682\u7f16\u5e08\u7684\u756a\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c1\u30012\u30014\u5e08\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c41\u300142\u300143\u300147\u300148\u300150\u5e08(\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c1\u519b\u4e8e1940\u5e74\u5e95\u88ab\u88c1\u64a4) \u2462\u3002\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c31\u4ece\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u5357\u5317\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff1a\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6218\u533a\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u62a2\u5360\u519b\u4e8b\u8981\u5730\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u51fa\u5175\u664b\u897f\u5357\uff1b1946\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5411\u664b\u5317\u548c\u664b\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u52a8\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u6b64\u65f6\u521a\u521a\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u8bad\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5357\u5317\u517c\u987e\uff0c\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u6d3e\u5175\u5f1b\u63f4\u664b\u897f\u5357\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e34\u6c7e\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u664b\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u5c31\u88ab\u5212\u5f52\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6218\u533a\uff1b8\u6708\uff0c\u664b\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u5927\u540c\u5730\u533a\u5212\u7ed9\u4e86\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u300212\u6708\uff0c\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u532a\u201d\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8fd8\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c06\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u5212\u5f52\u5176\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u30021947\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u4e0b\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u540c\u84b2\u94c1\u8def\u6cbf\u7ebf\u548c\u664b\u4e2d\u76c6\u5730\u30021948\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u90e8\u4e3a\u9632\u5b88\u5173\u4e2d\u800c\u4ece\u664b\u897f\u5357\u64a4\u519b\uff0c6\u6708\u664b\u4e2d\u6218\u5f79\u5931\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u4e3b\u529b\u9000\u5b88\u592a\u539f\u30027\u6708\uff0c\u960e\u5411\u848b\u6c42\u63f4\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5404\u5730\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0e\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u8054\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u848b\u4eb2\u98de\u592a\u539f\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u7a7a\u8fd0\u897f\u5b89\u7684\u6574\u7f16\u7b2c30\u5e08\u548c\u6986\u6797\u7684\u6574\u7f16\u7b2c83\u65c5\u5230\u592a\u539f\u652f\u63f4\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u676f\u6c34\u8f66\u85aa\uff0c\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u30021949\u5e744\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5927\u90e8\u5728\u592a\u539f\u88ab\u6b7c\uff0c29\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5728\u5927\u540c\u6295\u8bda\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u4e3a\u62a2\u5360\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u6218\u533a\u526f\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u90e8\u6539\u79f0\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u90e8\uff0c\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u5085\u4e3a\u53f8\u4ee4\u957f\u5b98\u30021946\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u90e8\u5949\u4ee4\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u534e\u5317\u548c\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u6218\u7565\u8981\u5730\u5f20\u5bb6\u53e3\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u848b\u4efb\u547d\u5085\u4e3a\u5bdf\u54c8\u5c14\u7701\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u6539\u4e3a\u5f20\u57a3\u7ee5\u9756\u516c\u7f72\u3002\u5176\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u534e\u5317\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b9a\u548c\u5317\u5e73\u7684\u9632\u5b88\u5175\u529b\u6349\u895f\u89c1\u8098\uff0c\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u56fa\u5b88\u534e\u5317\uff0c\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u848b\u628a\u5f20\u57a3\u7ee5\u9756\u516c\u7f72\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b9a\u7ee5\u9756\u516c\u7f72\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u532a\u201d\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e3a\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u30021948\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u848b\u53c8\u7ed9\u4e86\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u756a\u53f7\u4ee5\u6269\u5145\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c111\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c4\u519b\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u4fdd\u5b9a\u7ee5\u7f72\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u65b0\u7f16\u7b2c2\u519b\u6539\u79f0\u7b2c101\u519b\uff0c\u5b89\u63d2\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u539f\u67097\u4e2a\u5e08\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u6539\u7f16\u548c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8614\u4e2a\u5e08\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b2c7\u3001210\u3001267\u3001269\u3001271\u3001272\u3001273\u3001309\u3001310\u3001311\u3001319\u3001320\u3001326\u3001333\u5e08\u7b49\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u9a91\u5175\u65c5\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u79cd\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u603b\u5175\u529b\u8fbe30\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90e8\u961f\u5916\uff0c\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u8fd8\u4ee5\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u532a\u201d\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6307\u6325\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u7ea630\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u8bbe\u7acb\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u532a\u201d\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u53ea\u8d4b\u4e88\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u6307\u6325\u5176\u5ae1\u7cfb\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6307\u6325\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4eba\u4e8b\u3001\u540e\u52e4\u3001\u8865\u7ed9\u7b49\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u5176\u4eb2\u4fe1\u9648\u7ee7\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u532a\u201d\u526f\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u517c\u5317\u5e73\u8b66\u5907\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7275\u5236\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5c1a\u80fd\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u848b\uff0c1947\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u9075\u4ee4\u6d3e\u9063\u7b2c35\u519b\u5230\u4fdd\u5b9a\u652f\u63f4\u5b59\u8fde\u4ef2\u90e8\uff0c\u79cb\u5b63\u53c8\u8c03\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c3\u519b\u7b49\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u652f\u63f4\u9648\u8bda\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e8b\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4e0d\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5df2\u4e0d\u5927\u542c\u4ece\u848b\u7684\u8c03\u9063\uff0c1948\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u848b\u5230\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u8981\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7387\u4e3b\u529b\u90e8\u961f\u589e\u63f4\u9526\u5dde\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u300211\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u848b\u8981\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u653e\u5f03\u5e73\u6d25\uff0c\u6d77\u8fd0\u9752\u5c9b\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u5f90\u5dde\u527f\u532a\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff1b\u5982\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e0d\u5411\u5357\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5219\u987b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u8e1e\u5b88\u5929\u6d25\u7b49\u6d77\u53e3\u3002\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7b54\u5e94\u653e\u5f03\u70ed\u5bdf\u7ee5\uff0c\u848b\u6388\u6743\u5085\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u515a\u653f\u519b\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u6743(\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u6743)\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u6e24\u6d77\u8230\u961f[12](p.84)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5f00\u59cb\u540c\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u78cb\u5546\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6d3e\u5f90\u6c38\u660c\u5230\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u5c06\u519b\u961f\u5357\u64a4\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u672c\u4eba\u80fd\u5357\u4e0b\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u76f8\u7ee7\u6d3e\u5176\u6b21\u5b50\u848b\u7eac\u56fd\u3001\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u6b21\u957f\u90d1\u4ecb\u6c11\u7b49\u5230\u5317\u5e73\u529d\u8bf4\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bfa\u5085\uff1a\u51fa\u4efb\u4e1c\u5357\u519b\u653f\u957f\u5b98[13](p.261)\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u529d\u8bf4\u906d\u5230\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u6295\u5411\u89e3\u653e\u519b\uff0c1949\u5e741\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u51b3\u5fc3\u5c06\u5728\u534e\u5317\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u633d\u56de\u5c40\u9762\uff1a\u201c(\u7532)\u4e2d\u592e\u5404\u519b\uff0c\u5206\u9014\u7a81\u56f4\u2026\u2026(\u4e59)\u5982\u7532\u9879\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u5085\u8d1f\u8d23\u7167\u539f\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u56fd\u519b\u7a7a\u8fd0\u5357\u64a4\u3002(\u4e19)\u5982\u4e59\u9879\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5404\u7ea7\u5b98\u957f\u7a7a\u8fd0\u5357\u64a4\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u58eb\u5175\u4e0e\u6b66\u5668\u4ea4\u5085\u7f16\u914d\u3002\u201d[14](p.215\uff5e216)\u5f53\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c06\u534e\u5317\u519b\u961f\u653e\u624b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u57ae\u53f0\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5bf9\u4ed8\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\uff1a\u6216\u5229\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3e\u7cfb\u4e88\u4ee5\u7275\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u5206\u5316\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u9886\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u53d6\u820d\u5747\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u968f\u7740\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\uff1b\u81f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff1a\u5230\u5934\u6765\u662f\u57f9\u690d\u4e86\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u79c1\u5fc3\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7edf\u4e00\u5168\u56fd\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u519b\u961f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u5f02\u5df1\uff0c\u58ee\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u519b\u961f\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5bf9\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u519b\u4e8b\u96c6\u56e2\u4e5f\u6982\u83ab\u80fd\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/section>\n
\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
[1]\u5218\u5fc3\u7687\u8f91\u6ce8.\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u8fdb\u5173\u5bc6\u5f55[M].\u53f0\u5317:\u4f20\u8bb0\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1990.[2]\u8fbd\u5b81\u7701\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7f16.\u5949\u7cfb\u519b\u9600\u5bc6\u7535(\u7b2c5\u30016\u518c\u5408\u96c6)[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40,1986.<\/p>\n

[3]\u5c71\u897f\u7701\u653f\u534f\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16.\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u7edf\u6cbb\u5c71\u897f\u53f2\u5b9e[M].\u592a\u539f:\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1981.<\/p>\n

[4]\u5f20\u53cb\u5764,\u94b1\u8fdb\u7f16.\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u5e74\u8c31(\u4e0a\u5377)[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1996.<\/p>\n

[5]\u8d75\u653f\u6c11\u7f16.\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u519b\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e74\u8c31[M].\u592a\u539f:\u5c71\u897f\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1999.<\/p>\n

[6]\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u5168\u56fd\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7f16.\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u5b58\u7a3f\u9009\u7f16(\u7b2c17\u5377)[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2002.<\/p>\n

[7]\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7f16.\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u6b63\u9762\u6218\u573a(\u4e0a\u518c)[M].\u5357\u4eac:\u6c5f\u82cf\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1987.<\/p>\n

[8]\u960e\u4f2f\u5ddd\u5148\u751f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f1a.\u6c11\u56fd\u960e\u4f2f\u5ddd\u5148\u751f\u9521\u5c71\u5e74\u8c31\u957f\u7f16\u521d\u7a3f(\u4e94)[M].\u53f0\u5317:\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u80a1\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8,1988.<\/p>\n

[9]\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf.\u59d4\u5ea7\u7535\u996c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u53d1\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u5927\u4e4b\u90e8\u961f\u6b66\u5668\u7ecf\u8d39\u6848[Z].\u5168\u5b97\u53f7773,\u5377\u5b97\u53f7846.<\/p>\n

[10]\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf.\u519b\u59d4\u4f1a\u8c03\u52a8\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u90e8\u63f4\u664b\u5bf9\u4ed8\u516b\u8def\u519b\u4e0e\u5404\u6218\u533a\u7684\u6765\u5f80\u6587\u7535[Z].\u5168\u5b97\u53f7787,\u5377\u5b97\u53f73182.<\/p>\n

[11]\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf.\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6218\u533a\u4e3a\u8bf7\u8865\u5145\u7ecf\u8d39\u6b66\u5668\u53ca\u901a\u4fe1\u5668\u6750\u6848[Z].\u5168\u5b97\u53f7773,\u5377\u5b97\u53f7847.<\/p>\n

[12]\u5b8b\u6d77\u6f6e.\u5929\u6d25\u6218\u5f79\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e09\u4e09\u5e08\u88ab\u6b7c\u8bb0[A].\u5929\u6d25\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u9009\u8f91(\u7b2c31\u8f91)[C].\u5929\u6d25:\u5929\u6d25\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1985.<\/p>\n

[13]\u5f20\u65b0\u543e.\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u4e00\u751f[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u7fa4\u4f17\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1995.<\/p>\n

[14]\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd.\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u81ea\u8ff0[M].\u957f\u6c99:\u6e56\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1988.<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460\u7ecf\u664b\u7ee5\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u5546\u5b9a:\u5b59\u695a\u90e8\u7f16\u4e3a\u6b63\u592a\u62a4\u8def\u519b;\u5468\u73b3\u4e3a\u70ae\u5175\u53f8\u4ee4;\u8d75\u627f\u7ef6\u4e3a\u527f\u532a\u53f8\u4ee4,\u5c06\u664b\u7ee5\u7eee\u5175\u7f16\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u65c5,\u7531\u8d75\u627f\u7ee5\u6307\u6325\u3002<\/p>\n

\u24611939\u5e74\u66fe\u6210\u7acb\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c1\u5e08,\u4e0d\u4e45\u64a4\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462\u7b2c19\u519b\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c68\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c37\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c40\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c33\u519b\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c71\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c38\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c46\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c34\u519b\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c73\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c44\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c45\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c43\u519b\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c70\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c39\u3001\u6682\u7f16\u7b2c49\u5e08\u3002\u7b2c61\u519b\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c66\u300169\u300172\u5e08\u30021948\u5e749\u6708\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6682\u7f16\u5e08\u4f9d\u6b21\u6539\u79f0\u7b2c274\u3001277\u3001275\u3001280\u3001278\u3001279\u3001276\u548c283\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005:\u674e\u5b9d\u660e \u6458\u8981\uff1a\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u6218\u540e \uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6781\u529b\u524a\u5f31\u5e76\u63a7\u5236\u664b\u7ee5\u519b \uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u79cd\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5 \uff1a\u6216\u501f\u52a9\u4e1c\u5317\u519b\u4e4b\u624b \uff0c\u6216\u5206 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[2050,98,540],"views":409,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34957"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34957"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35030,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34957\/revisions\/35030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}