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<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u624b\u4e0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u5230500\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u8d77\u70b9\u4ee5\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u8d77\u98de\u6ee1\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u71c3\u6cb9\u548c\u70b8\u5f39\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u98de\u673a\u603b\u91cd\u7ea614.1\u5428\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e14\u65e0\u98ce\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ee1\u8f7d\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u9700\u8981\u6ed1\u8dd13300\u82f1\u5c3a\u624d\u80fd\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u98de\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u4e0a\u8d77\u98de\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u6ed1\u8dd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u7ea6\u4e3a450\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0c\u5373\u822a\u6bcd\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u7684\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u7684\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u505c\u6ee1\u7b49\u5f85\u8d77\u98de\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe4.\u505c\u653e\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u505c\u673a\u576a\u4e0a\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6765\u81ea\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u5f6d\u8428\u79d1\u62c9\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u7ad9\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2\uff08Henry L. Miller\uff09\u4e2d\u5c09\u4e5f\u6765\u5230\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7684\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u5c55\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u4e2d\u5c09\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u9a7e\u9a76\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7684\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u7740\u9646\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u65e9\u4e0a7\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u665a\u4e0a10\u70b9\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u4e3b\u673a\u573a\u7684\u505c\u673a\u576a\u4e0a\u68c0\u67e5\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u98de\u884c\u5458\u548c\u9886\u822a\u5458\u5206\u522b\u542c\u53d6\u60c5\u51b5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u98de\u884c\u5458\u544a\u77e5\u9886\u822a\u5458\u5f53\u5929\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b89\u6392\uff1a\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u3001\u8f70\u70b8\u6216\u5c04\u51fb\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u4e0a\u7a7a\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u822a\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u7684\u8dd1\u9053\u4e0a\u753b\u4e0a\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\u822a\u6bcd\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u7684\u767d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728250\u82f1\u5c3a\u5904\u505a\u4e86\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5728400~700\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u6bcf\u969450\u82f1\u5c3a\u63d2\u4e0a\u4e86\u65d7\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5224\u65ad\u8d77\u98de\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u98de\u884c\u5458\u4eec\u4ece\u603b\u91cd\u7ea612.2\u5428\u7684\u8f7b\u8f7dB-25\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u98de\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5239\u8f66\u3001\u895f\u7ffc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u6cb9\u95e8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5728350\u82f1\u5c3a\u5185\u6b63\u5e38\u8d77\u98de\u4e14\u4e0d\u5931\u901f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u662f\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u673a\u573a<\/p>\n

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\n\u56fe6.\u4ece\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4fef\u77b01\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u673a\u573a\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ee5\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d77\u98de\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u76ae\u5c14\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u53734\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57281942\u5e743\u6708\u62cd\u6444\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f1944\u5e74\u9ea6\u7279\u7f57\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u6e29\u00b7\u9ea6\u8036\u516c\u53f8\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u4e1c\u4eac\u4e0a\u7a7a\u4e09\u5341\u79d2\u300b\u7684\u5267\u7167\u3002\u300a\u9646\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u961f\u8bd5\u9a8c\u573a\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u53f2\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u76ae\u5c14\u673a\u573a\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u62cd\u6444\u57304\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u662f\u57289\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u673a\u573a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d6b\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u673a\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u524d\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b98\u65b9\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5bf9\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e5f\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5927\u961f\u957f\u7c73\u52d2\u9000\u5f79\u540e\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u5728\u201c\u6c34\u8fb9\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u673a\u573a\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u8fb9\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5723\u7f57\u838e\u6e7e\uff0c\u5c31\u57289\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u5357\u9762\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ee5\u8bb9\u4f20\u8bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a1942\u5e743\u6708\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u67099\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe7.\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u57fa\u5730\u768440-2291\u53f7B-25B\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1942\u5e743\u6708<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u961f\u5458\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u4f4e\u7a7a\u6c34\u4e0a\u98de\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u65e0\u76ee\u89c6\u53c2\u7167\u7269\u6216\u5730\u6807\uff0c\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5bfc\u822a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u8ddd\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u7a7a\u88ad\u7f16\u961f\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u98de\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u6d88\u8017\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8def\u7ebf\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4efb\u52a1\u60c5\u51b5\u9884\u4f30\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u98de\u5f80\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7684\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\u5821\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u98de\u5f80\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u57c3\u7075\u987f\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u4f11\u606f\u548c\u52a0\u6cb9\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u7075\u987f\u673a\u573a\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u4e8b\u6545\u2014\u20143\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\uff08Richard O. Joyce\uff09\u4e2d\u5c09\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u98de\u673a\u5728\u7740\u9646\u65f6\u524d\u8d77\u843d\u67b6\u6298\u65ad\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u8fd8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f4e\u7a7a\u8f70\u70b8\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u57fa\u5730\u8f70\u70b8\u9776\u573a\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u4e0a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u57281500\u30015000\u548c10500\u82f1\u5c3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6295\u63b7100\u78c5\u91cd\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u5f39\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6a21\u62df\u8f70\u70b8\u4e86\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u6d77\u6e7e\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5411\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8499\u8fea\uff08George W. Mundy\uff09\u5c11\u6821\u6295\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4f4e\u7a7a\u8f70\u70b8\u8bad\u7ec3\u8868\u660e\uff0cB-25\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6295\u5f39\u7784\u51c6\u5668\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8bfa\u987f\u201d\u6295\u5f39\u7784\u51c6\u5668\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6295\u5f39\u7784\u51c6\u5668\u6709\u843d\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u62c6\u9664\u3002\u7b2c11\u53f7\u673a\u7684\u519b\u68b0\u5e08\u517c\u98de\u884c\u5458\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u5b81\uff08Charles R. Greening\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u548c\u7b2c14\u53f7\u673a\u7684\u70ae\u624b\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29\u00b7\u8d1d\u6069\uff08Edwin V. Bain\uff09\u4e2d\u58eb\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u8f66\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7528\u4e24\u5757\u94dd\u7247\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ef0\u53f7\u201c20\u7f8e\u5206\u201d\u7684\u6295\u5f39\u7784\u51c6\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5410\u6e29\u201d\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7a7a\u88ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5410\u6e29\u201d\u6295\u5f39\u7784\u51c6\u5668\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe8.\u4e00\u5f20\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e\u5176\u6539\u88c5\u6545\u969c\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u8179\u70ae\u5854\u4e4b\u524d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u70ae\u624b\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u5f00\u8fc7\u706b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u8fd8\u5b89\u6392\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5c04\u51fb\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u70ae\u624b\u4eec\u5728\u5730\u9762\u548c\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e86\u752812.7\u6beb\u7c73\u70ae\u5854\u673a\u67aa\u548c7.62\u6beb\u7c73\u673a\u5934\u673a\u67aa\u5c04\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u5904\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u9762\u5c04\u51fb\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6d77\u6e7e\u91cc\u7684\u6d77\u9762\u6d6e\u6cb9\u8fdb\u884c\u98de\u884c\u626b\u5c04\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u7531\u4e8e12.7\u6beb\u7c73\u673a\u67aa\u5f39\u836f\u77ed\u7f3a\u548c\u70ae\u5854\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u70ae\u624b\u4eec\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u4e8e3\u670825\u65e5\u79bb\u5f00\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u822a\u7a7a\u673a\u67aa\u7684\u4fdd\u517b\u60c5\u51b5\u5747\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u70ae\u5854\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u98de\u673a\u7684\u6539\u88c5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u91cd\uff0c\u65e9\u57282\u6708\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u5c31\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4e24\u540d\u673a\u68b0\u5e08\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u9a7b\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u540e\u5728\u6bcf\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u5c3e\u90e8\u88c5\u4e86\u4e24\u6839\u7528\u8f66\u5e8a\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7684\u7c97\u87ba\u7eb9\u94a2\uff0c\u5e76\u6d82\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u673a\u5c3e\u673a\u67aa\u3002\u4ece\u683c\u6797\u5b81\u4e0a\u5c09\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u540e\u62a5\u544a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u529f\u9a97\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u67b6\u5728\u7a7a\u88ad\u671f\u95f4\u8ffd\u51fb\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u6218\u6597\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u71c3\u6cb9\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u989d\u5916\u52a0\u88c5\u4e86\u6cb9\u7bb1\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb9\u7bb1\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u673a\u8179\u70ae\u5854\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5f39\u8231\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u722c\u884c\u901a\u9053\u91cc\u52a0\u88c5\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb9\u7bb1\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u6279B-25\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8fbe\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u7ad9\u88ab\u540a\u88c5\u4e0a\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u603b\u5171\u53ef\u52a0\u6ce8\u7ea64320\u5347\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe9.\u7b49\u5f85\u6539\u88c5\u7684B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1942\u5e741~2\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u660e\u5c3c\u963f\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\u7684\u90a3\u6b21<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5e08\u548c\u672c\u8fea\u514b\u65af\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u6539\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5316\u6cb9\u5668\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u98de\u673a\u539f\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5316\u6cb9\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06B-25\u4f4e\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u8017\u6cb9\u7387\u964d\u5230\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u822a\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u88ad\u98de\u673a\u5728\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u8428\u514b\u62c9\u95e8\u6258\u7ef4\u4fee\u7ad9\uff08\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u4f26\u673a\u573a\uff09\u505c\u7559\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u673a\u68b0\u5e08\u8bef\u5c06\u7ea6\u514b\u4e0a\u5c09\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u90a3\u67b6\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u672c\u8fea\u514b\u65af\u5316\u6cb9\u5668\u201d\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5316\u6cb9\u5668\u30024\u670818\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u7ea6\u514b\u4e0a\u5c09\u4ece\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u8d77\u98de\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u89c9\u4ed6\u7684\u98de\u673a\u6b63\u5728\u9ad8\u901f\u70e7\u6cb9\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u70b8\u5b8c\u4e1c\u4eac\u540e\u6539\u9053\u98de\u5f80\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7b26\u62c9\u8fea\u6c83\u65af\u6258\u514b\u964d\u843d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u5c1a\u672a\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u6263\u62bc\u4e86\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5e76\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u98de\u673a\u3002\u7ea6\u514b\u4e0a\u5c09\u53ca\u5176\u673a\u7ec4\u4e58\u5458\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u6263\u62bc\u4e8613\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6570\u6b21\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\u5230\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f0a\u6717\u8fb9\u588320\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u4e0a\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u6cd5\u8d8a\u5883\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u4f0a\u6717\u5317\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5bf9\u98de\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u673a\u7ffc\u524d\u7f18\u52a0\u88c5\u4e86\u9664\u51b0\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6240\u6709\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u7167\u76f8\u67aa\uff0c\u4ee5\u62cd\u6444\u5b9e\u9645\u8f70\u70b8\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u76f8\u67aa\u5728\u7a7a\u88ad\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u5e78\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe10.\u65e5\u672c\u6a2a\u987b\u8d3a\u6d77\u519b\u8239\u6e20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u662f\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u51e0\u5f20\u7a7a\u88ad\u671f\u95f4\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u98de\u673a\u5760\u6bc1\u540e\u6b8b\u9ab8\u4e2d\u7684\u7167\u76f8\u67aa\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u53f7\u673a\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7279\u5fb7\u00b7\u52b3\u68ee\uff08Ted W. Lawson\uff09\u4e2d\u5c09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u6234\u7740\u8033\u673a\u3001\u62c4\u7740\u4ea4\u53c9\u62d0\u6756\u7684\u5510\u8001\u9e2d\u6f2b\u753b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8bb8\u591a\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u753b\u4e86\u673a\u5934\u753b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9646\u519b\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5728\u6d77\u519b\u519b\u8230\u4e0a\u5f85\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7c73\u52d2\u4e2d\u5c09\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u6388\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d77\u519b\u7528\u8bed\u3001\u793c\u8c8c\u548c\u793c\u8282\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e0a\u8230\u548c\u4e0b\u8230\u65f6\u8981\u5411\u8230\u8249\u7684\u56fd\u65d7\u656c\u793c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u88ad\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u4eb2\u81ea\u9a7e\u9a76B-25\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u8fd8\u60f3\u4eb2\u81ea\u5e26\u961f\u5b8c\u6210\u672c\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5f53\u5f17\u519c\u00b7\u65af\u6c40\u5179\uff08Vernon L. Stinzi\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u56e0\u6e83\u75a1\u75c5\u75c5\u5012\u65f6\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7acb\u5373\u4e0e\u65af\u6c40\u5179\u7684\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u8d77\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u77ed\u8ddd\u8d77\u98de\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u98de\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u6307\u6325\u8fd9\u6b21\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u52a0\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5730\u52e4\u4eba\u5458\u6700\u521d\u4f4f\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u8425\u623f\u91cc\u3002\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u5a5a\u519b\u5b98\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6700\u521d\u4f4f\u572812\u82f1\u91cc\u5916\u6c83\u5c14\u987f\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u65c5\u9986\u91cc\u3002\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f4f\u8fdb\u4e86\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u6b63\u95e8\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u74e6\u5c14\u5e15\u83b1\u7d22\u65c5\u9986\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u5efa\u4e8e1924\u5e74\u7684\u65c5\u9986\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fef\u77b0\u4e54\u514b\u5854\u74e6\u6d77\u6e7e\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u98de\u884c\u5458\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u673a\u573a\u7684\u9014\u4e2d\u98de\u8fc7\u74e6\u5c14\u5e15\u83b1\u7d22\u65c5\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe11.\u673a\u9996\u4e00\u4fa7\u7ed8\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u5510\u8001\u9e2d\u56fe\u6848\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u7b2c7\u53f7\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u3001\u5355\u8eab\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u4f4f\u5728\u57fa\u5730\u5bbf\u820d\u3002\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u95f2\u6687\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u4e2d\u5c09\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u4f4f\u5bbf\u6761\u4ef6\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bbf\u820d\u201c\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u5355\u5c31\u751f\u6d3b\u533a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8499\u8fea\u5c11\u6821\u5bf9\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u8fdd\u53cd\u98de\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u793a\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86B-25\u73a9\u4f4e\u7a7a\u8f70\u70b8\u3001\u5728\u6865\u4e0b\u98de\u884c\u3001\u5728\u6d77\u6ee9\u548c\u53bf\u57ce\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u51fa\u566a\u58f0\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u5e26\u8499\u8fea\u5c11\u6821\u9a7e\u673a\u98de\u8d8a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6e7e\u548c\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u6d77\u6e7e\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5e76\u6765\u6765\u56de\u56de\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f4e\u7a7a\u98de\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8bc9\u548c\u8fdd\u53cd\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u629b\u5230\u4e86\u8111\u540e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u80fd\u5e26\u7740\u4ed6\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u98de\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u5ba4\u961f\u5458\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u8bbe\u6cd5\u79bb\u5f00\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5982\u6c83\u5c14\u987f\u5821\u7684\u6728\u5170\u6811\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u57c3\u65af\u7279\u9547\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6c83\u5c14\u987f\u5821\u4ee5\u897f\u6570\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\uff0c\u6cbf98\u53f7\u516c\u8def\u800c\u5efa\u7684\u5c0f\u9547\uff09\u7684\u6d77\u8fb9\u57f9\u6839\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u5927\u95e8\u5916\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde20\u53f7\u516c\u8def\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u94f6\u8272\u9152\u5427\u548c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe12.\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u5bbf\u820d\u91cc\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u65f6\u5149\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u5de6\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u906d\u9047\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u4e54\u4f0a\u65af\u4e2d\u5c09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u5728\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u6821\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9093\u80af\uff08Donald B. Duncan\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u8230\u961f\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u5207\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5c3c\u7c73\u5179\u4e0a\u5c06\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u53f7\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u7279\u6df7\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u7279\u6df7\u8230\u961f\u30023\u6708\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5468\u672b\uff0c\u9093\u80af\u4e0a\u6821\u7ed9\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u3001\u521a\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6d77\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u90e8\u957f\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u91d1\u4e0a\u5c06\u53d1\u53bb\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u53f7\u7279\u6df7\u8230\u961f\u5373\u5c06\u7ec4\u5efa\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u544a\u8bc9\u5409\u7c73\u4e0a\u9a6c\u201d\u7684\u6697\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba9\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u624b\u4e0b\u79bb\u5f00\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8fbe\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u7ad9\u5e76\u88ab\u540a\u88c5\u4e0a\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u5230\u7535\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u968f\u5373\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u4e86\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u4e5f\u8d76\u5fd9\u901a\u77e5\u4e86\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u51cc\u66683\u70b9\uff0c\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u88ab\u53eb\u9192\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u51fa\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u632f\u58eb\u6c14<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u5520\u53e8\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5411\u961f\u5458\u4eec\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u731c\u5230\u4e86\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u6218\u53cb\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u547d\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u89c1\u6240\u95fb\u90fd\u8981\u4fdd\u5bc6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u9009\u51fa22\u4e2a\u673a\u7ec4\u9a7e\u673a\u98de\u5f80\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u4f26\u673a\u573a\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u540e\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6539\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u4f26\u673a\u573a\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e3\u670830\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8fbe\u6d77\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u7ad9\u30021942\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u642d\u8f7d\u774016\u67b6B-25\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u79bb\u5f00\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8fbe\uff0c\u524d\u53bb\u4e0e\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u53f7\u7279\u6df7\u8230\u961f\u4f1a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe13.\u5409\u7c73\u00b7\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u4e2d\u6821\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u8230\u957f\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u7c73\u5f7b\u5c14\u4e0a\u6821\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5728\u98de\u884c\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u7a7a\u88ad\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1942\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u7a7a\u88ad\u53d1\u8d77\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u786e\u5b9e\u9f13\u821e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u5fc3\u58eb\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u8230\u8f7d\u673a\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe14. \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51fa\u51fb\u5f53\u5929\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u822a\u548c\u6d77\u822a\u98de\u884c\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u548c\u8c10\u540c\u6846\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u96be\u5f97\u4e00\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1942\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u96fe\u3001\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u8fdb\u884c\u98de\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u5927\u538b\u7f29\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u8230\u8247\u548c\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5df2\u5b89\u5168\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u673a\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8230\u8247\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6548\u7387\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c1942\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u98de\u673a\u6539\u88c5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u9000\u5f79\u4e0a\u6821\u5361\u7f57\u5c14\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u65af\u5728\u300a\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u80c6\u653b\u51fb\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7a7a\u88ad\u201c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u76df\u53cb\u5934\u9876\u4e0a\u7684\u9634\u973e\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u671f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8f70\u70b8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b21\u7a7a\u88ad\u5374\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u51e0\u4e4e\u672a\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7a7a\u88ad\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u632f\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u6c11\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\uff0c\u5e76\u660e\u663e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u524d\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u4ece\u672a\u906d\u53d7\u8fc7\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u653b\u51fb\uff08\u4e0d\u7b971938\u5e745\u670820\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u961f\u5341\u56db\u4e2d\u961f\u5bf9\u957f\u5d0e\u7684\u201c\u4f20\u5355\u8f70\u70b8\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7a7a\u88ad\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e5\u519b\u4ece\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u64a4\u56de\u82e5\u5e72\u6218\u6597\u673a\u5206\u961f\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u571f\u9632\u5fa1\u3002<\/p>\n


\n\u56fe15.\u7a7a\u88ad\u524d\uff0c\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u4e2d\u6821\u5c06\u4e00\u679a\u65e5\u672c\u52cb\u7ae0\u62f4\u5728\u4e00\u9897\u70b8\u5f39\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe16. \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b21\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u51fa\u51fb\uff0c\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u5728\u6218\u540e\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b\u4f5c\uff0c\u672c\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8fd8\u539f\u4e86\u642d\u8f7d\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u673a\u7fa4\u7684\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u8702\u201d\u53f7\u548c\u4f34\u968f\u62a4\u822a\u7684\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201d\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8258\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u6709\u96be\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9f9f\u7f29\u5230\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u8ba9\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe17. \u753b\u4f5c\uff1a\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u8f70\u70b8\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u6d77\u822a\u4ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u84dd\u5e95\u767d\u4e94\u89d2\u661f\u52a0\u7ea2\u5fc3\u5708\u7684\u673a\u5fbd\uff0c\u8fde\u4ece\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u7f8e\u673a\u7fa4\u7684\u4e1c\u6761\u82f1\u673a\u90fd\u4e00\u65f6\u534a\u4f1a\u6ca1\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u662f\u654c\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe18. \u753b\u4f5c\uff1a\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u7a7a\u88ad\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8eab\u7740\u5357\u65b9\u519b\u7684\u9632\u6691\u8863\u9020\u578b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u54084\u6708\u4efd\u4e4d\u6625\u8fd8\u5bd2\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u80cc\u666f\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u9ad8\u5c04\u673a\u67aa\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5934\u6234\u5927\u6a90\u5e3d\u8d34\u8fd1\u53f2\u5b9e\u4e00\u4e9b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u65b9\u9ad8\u5c42\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u65b9\u5411\u626b\u8361\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5411\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u65b9\u5411\u62d3\u5c55\u9632\u5fa1\u5708\u3002\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u8fd8\u76f4\u63a5\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bfb\u673a\u6d88\u706d\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u8ba9\u7f8e\u519b\u57281942\u5e746\u67084~5\u65e5\u7684\u4e2d\u9014\u5c9b\u6d77\u6218\u4e2d\u5927\u83b7\u5168\u80dc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d70\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3e\u58f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

2007\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5373\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u5373\u5c06\u8fce\u676565\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u822a\u7a7a\u519b\u68b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u827e\u5fb7\u8428\u6069\uff08David W. Eidsaune\uff09\u51c6\u5c06\u4e0b\u4ee4\u4e3a\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u961f\u5458\u96d5\u523b\u4e00\u5ea7\u5386\u53f2\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u673a\u573a\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u57c3\u683c\u6797\u57fa\u5730\u5c06\u8fd9\u5ea7\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u77d7\u7acb\u5728\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u673a\u573a\uff08\u5373\u539f1\u53f7\u8f85\u52a9\u673a\u573a\uff09\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u9644\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe19.\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u6388\u52cb\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u6b63\u5c06\u4e00\u679a\u8363\u8a89\u52cb\u7ae0\u522b\u5728\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7684\u519b\u670d\u4e0a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe20. \u5728\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\uff0c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u8fd8\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f84\u4ee3\u8868\u6821\u957f\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u52cb\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u51fa\u98ce\u5934\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u6d59\u8d63\u519b\u6c11\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u961f\u5458\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u4e16\u8005\uff09\u5747\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u6388\u4e88\u56fd\u4f1a\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ea\u5269\u4e09\u540d\u961f\u5458\u5065\u5728\uff1a\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\uff08Richard E. Cole\uff09\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u7279\uff08Robert L. Hite\uff09\u548c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6492\u5207\u5c14\uff08David J. Thatcher\uff09\u30022014\u5e749\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u534f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5176\u9996\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u603b\u90e8\u5927\u697c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u5927\u697c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

2019\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u9000\u5f79\u4e2d\u6821\u3001\u201c\u675c\u7acb\u7279\u5c14\u7a7a\u88ad\u201d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u540d\u5b58\u4e16\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u201c\u8fea\u514b\u201d\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u5728\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u5723\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74103\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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