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<\/p>\n
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11\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u4ece\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u767b\u9646\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bdf\u89c9\u65e5\u7f8e\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u5916\u4ea4\u30023\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u76f8\u7ee7\u53bb\u4e16\u300211\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u62b5\u8fbe\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u5929\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u65e5\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u7f57\u8131-\u9ad8\u5e73\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u5e1d\u540e\u901d\u4e16\u5b88\u56fd\u4e27\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5243\u53d1\u5243\u987b\u7684\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\uff0c\u88ab\u8fce\u5934\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u95f7\u68cd\uff0c\u8d8a\u53d1\u5730\u5f62\u5bb9\u67af\u69c1\u3002<\/p>\n 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American\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e0e\u6444\u653f\u738b\u8f7d\u6ca3\u7684\u7167\u7247\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5bfc\u8bfb\u4e2d\u7528\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u9eef\u7136\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u6750\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u5176\u6b21\u5973\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u5c14(Isabel)\u4e0e\u65b0\u4efb\u9a7b\u7f8e\u516c\u4f7f\u5f20\u836b\u6853\u4e4b\u5b50\u4ea8\u5229\uff08Henry\uff09\u7684\u5a5a\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5927\u62a5\u4e89\u5148\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5a5a\u793c\uff0c\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u5510\u7ecd\u4eea\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\uff1a\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5149\u5f69\u593a\u76ee\u7684\u8054\u59fb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n 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Dennett)\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u5728\u5176\u4efb\u5185\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57281863~1865\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e00\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u5728\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u3001\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u3001\u4fc4\u56db\u5f3a\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u5949\u884c\u4e86\u201c\u534f\u5546\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u5e03\u9c81\u65af\uff08Frederick Bruce\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u67cf\u5fb7\u5c14\u5bc6\uff08Jules Berthemy\uff09\u3001\u4fc4\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u5df4\u7559\u6377\u514b\uff08General L. de Balluseck\uff09\uff0c\u8fde\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u59d3\u6c0f\u5f00\u5934\u5b57\u6bcd\u5747\u4e3aB\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u534f\u5546\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u56dbB\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4efb\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7ed9\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u7c73\u5937\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6cbf\u7528\u65e5\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u79f0\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u201c\u7c73\u56fd\u201d\uff09\u5f62\u8c61\u30021866\u5e748\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u8258\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b66\u88c5\u5546\u8239\u820d\u95e8\u5c06\u519b\u53f7(General Sherman)\u5230\u671d\u9c9c\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u906d\u671d\u9c9c\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bf9\u5cd9\u5341\u591a\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u519b\u961f\u53d1\u8d77\u706b\u653b\uff0c\u820d\u95e8\u5c06\u519b\u53f7\u88ab\u711a\u6bc1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\u957f\u3001\u5927\u526f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6c34\u624b\u4eec\u5168\u4f53\u88ab\u6740\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u4e00\u770b\u4e8b\u6001\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u671d\u9c9c\u867d\u662f\u5c5e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6b64\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u6d32\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\u6d3e\u519b\u8230\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6025\u7535\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8981\u6c42\u963b\u6b62\u519b\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u8db3\u9762\u5b50\u548c\u540e\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u7f8e\u548c\u671d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u4e0a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u820d\u95e8\u5c06\u519b\u53f7\u4e8b\u4ef6(General Sherman Accident)\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u91d1\u65e5\u6210\u7684\u7956\u4e0a\u5c31\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6297\u7f8e\u6597\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n \u66f4\u5177\u6df1\u8fdc\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\uff08William Alexander Parsons Martin\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Elements of International Law\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u7269\u9001\u7ed9\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5927\u559c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b98\u65b9\u540d\u4e49\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5e76\u8fc5\u901f\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5904\u7f6e\u4e86\u591a\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u4e00\u4f4d\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u6124\u6012\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u8c01\u5c45\u7136\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6d1e\u6089\u6211\u4eec\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\uff1f\u6740\u6b7b\u4ed6\uff0c\u9664\u6389\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u5c3d\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n \u65e9\u57281848\u5e74\uff0c\u798f\u5efa\u5de1\u629a\u5f90\u7ee7\u756c\u5728\u5176\u300a\u701b\u73af\u5fd7\u7565\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a8\u5d07\u5907\u81f3\uff1a\u201c\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u56fd\uff0c\u5e45\u5458\u4e07\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bbe\u738b\u4faf\u4e4b\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5faa\u4e16\u53ca\u4e4b\u89c4\uff0c\u516c\u5668\u4ed8\u4e4b\u516c\u8bba\uff0c\u521b\u53e4\u4eca\u672a\u6709\u4e4b\u5c40\uff0c\u4e00\u4f55\u5947\u4e5f\uff01\u201d\u800c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u201c\u534f\u5546\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc5\u901f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u6d0b\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u7565\u8c03\u6574\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u6b64\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u5916\u4ea4\u98ce\u6ce2\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u9009\u7684\u8c03\u505c\u4eba\u3002\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u82f1\u6cd5\u7f8e\u4e09\u56fd\u4ee5\u8d22\u529b\u96c4\u89c6\u897f\u6d0b, \u52bf\u5404\u76f8\u7b49, \u5176\u4e2d\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u5b89\u9759, \u6027\u4ea6\u5e73\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u4e5f\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7c73\u5937\u8d28\u6027\u6df3\u539a, \u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u65f6\u601d\u6548\u987a\u201d\uff0c\u859b\u798f\u6210\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u65b9\u4eca\u6709\u7ea6\u4e4b\u56fd, \u4ee5\u82f1\u6cd5\u4fc4\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e94\u56fd\u4e3a\u5f3a\u2026\u2026\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e00\u6d32, \u98ce\u6c14\u6d51\u6734, \u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e0\u5acc\u9699\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n 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1867\u5e74\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u76846\u5e74\u4efb\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u56de\u56fd\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u201c\u5145\u529e\u5404\u56fd\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u4e0e\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5217\u5f3a\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u8bdd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u4e3e\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e16\u754c\u60ca\u53f9\u3002<\/p>\n \u5927\u6e05\u7279\u4f7f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u51fa\u8bbf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ad9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Andrew Johnson\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u201c\u6218\u7565\u5bf9\u8bdd\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u7eed\u589e\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u4efd\u88ab\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6700\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u5e73\u7b49\u4e4b\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u6e05\u671d\u91ce\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u7ef4\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u4e86\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u6761\u7ea6\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\uff1b\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5730\u8d38\u6613\uff1b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5546\u57e0\u8bbe\u7acb\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\uff1b\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u5c45\u4f4f\u548c\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u76f8\u4e92\u51c6\u8bb8\u5bf9\u65b9\u5b66\u751f\u5165\u5b66\uff1b\u4e0d\u5e72\u9884\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u57286\u67085\u65e5\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u5185\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e0a\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4e0d\u518d\u7ed5\u5708\u5b50\u3001\u6253\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u5954\u4e3b\u9898\uff1a\u5e0c\u671b\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u5236\u6b62\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u5360\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c5e\u56fd\u7409\u7403\u30023\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\uff081879\u5e743\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5728\u65b0\u7586\u519b\u4e8b\u5bf9\u5cd9\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e0\u6687\u4e1c\u987e\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u9645\u5360\u9886\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u85e9\u5c5e\u56fd\u7409\u7403\u201c\u64a4\u8543\u7f6e\u53bf\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u541e\u5e76\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u5e0c\u671b\u683c\u5170\u7279\u603b\u7edf\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u8bf4\u670d\u65e5\u672c\u653e\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf7\u683c\u5170\u7279\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5929\u6d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5546\u8c08\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u4e0e\u683c\u5170\u7279\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u95ed\u95e8\u78cb\u5546\u3002\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u5411\u683c\u5170\u7279\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7409\u7403\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u56e0\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u66f4\u4e3a\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u642c\u51fa\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u6761\u7ea6\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u56fd\u201c\u6709\u4e0d\u516c\u6216\u8f7b\u85d0\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u77e5\u7167\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u52a9\u201d\u3002\u683c\u5170\u7279\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6768\u683c\uff08J. R. Young\uff09\u5c06\u519b\u544a\u8bc9\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7409\u7403\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u786e\u201c\u8f7b\u85d0\u201d\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9053\u4e49\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6761\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u7279\u7684\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u5916\u4ea4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0a\u5347\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5916\u4ea4\u4e49\u52a1\u4e86\u3002\u4e24\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5c31\u548c\u683c\u5170\u7279\u6210\u4e86\u60fa\u60fa\u76f8\u60dc\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n \u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8c03\u505c\u6700\u540e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u683c\u5170\u7279\u603b\u7edf\u81f4\u4fe1\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u81ea\u5f3a\u3002\u683c\u5170\u7279\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u6768\u683c\u66f4\u662f\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0d\u8bb3\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u82e5\u4e0d\u81ea\u5f3a\uff0c\u5916\u4eba\u5fc5\u6613\u751f\u5fc3\u6b3a\u4fae\u2026\u2026\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u5f31\u4e4b\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u5fc3\u751a\u656c\u7231\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u76fc\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7528\u597d\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u5f0a\u5174\u5229\uff0c\u52c9\u529b\u81ea\u5f3a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u8c01\u80fd\u4fae\u4e4b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n \u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8bbf\u7f8e\u6380\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u70ed\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6539\u90a3\u8ddf\u5728\u201c\u72ee\u5b50\u201d\u540e\u9762\u62e3\u9aa8\u5934\u5403\u7684\u201c\u8c7a\u72fc\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ae\u8230\u653f\u7b56\u8dfb\u8eab\u201c\u72ee\u5b50\u201d\u884c\u5217\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n 1896\u5e74 \u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u72ee\u5b50\u738b<\/strong><\/p>\n 1896\u5e748\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u4f7f\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u62b5\u8fbe\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5f0f\u53cb\u597d\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e07\u4eba\u7a7a\u5df7\uff0c\u4e89\u76f8\u76ee\u7779\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u526f\u738b\u201d\u7684\u82f1\u59ff\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u754c\u5230\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u70ed\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u8e0f\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6025\u5207\u5730\u95ee\u524d\u6765\u8fce\u63a5\u7684\u7f8e\u65b9\u5b98\u5458\uff1a\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\u603b\u7edf\uff08Stephen Grover Cleveland\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff1f\u4f55\u65f6\u80fd\u89c1\u9762\uff1f<\/p>\n \u4e09\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4e13\u7a0b\u4ece\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8d76\u5230\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8fce\u63a5\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u7684\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u9012\u4ea4\u7684\u56fd\u4e66\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\u603b\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u76db\u5927\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u5bb4\u4f1a\u3002\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u5bb4\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u8bf7\u67ec\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e13\u4e3a\u63a5\u5f85\u56fd\u5bbe\u800c\u7279\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5348\u5bb4\u5177\u6709\u6700\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u516c\u52a1\u5e94\u916c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u63a5\u5f85\u5404\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u8282\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u8282\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u987f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb4\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ea7\u522b\u6700\u9ad8\u3001\u6700\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u56fd\u4e8b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u89e5\u7b79\u4ea4\u9519\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e24\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6218\u7565\u7684\u5927\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5728\u8c03\u6574\u6b65\u4f10\u3002<\/p>\n 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