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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5174\u767b\u5821\u5143\u5e05\u9762\u524d\u975e\u5e38\u8c26\u865a\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u6218\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u201cvon\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d35\u65cf\u4e16\u5bb6\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u5c0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u7740\u54c1\u7ea7\u548c\u5934\u8854\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u4e00\u63d0\u53ca\u201cvon\u201d\uff0c\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u603b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7a7f\u7740\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7b14\u633a\u519b\u88c5\u5236\u670d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u519b\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u5708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4fc4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u201d\u524d\u7f00\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u800c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u8d35\u65cf\u540d\u5b57\u91cc\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u975e\u5f97\u52a0\u201cvon\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u4e4b\uff0c\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u5e72\u8106\u5f7b\u5e95\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\u548c\u201c\u51af\u201d\u7b49\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdd\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u5904\u4ee52\u4e07\u514b\u6717\u7f5a\u6b3e\u6216\u81f3\u591a6\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u8036\u514b\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u53eb\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u54c8\u8036\u514b\uff08Friedrich August von Hayek\uff09\uff0c\u4ece1919\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u53eb\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u4e86\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p3.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/1411f7fb5f89412787ad4376ba6d9705.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\u5965\u5730\u5229\u201c\u8d35\u65cf\u201d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53c8\u5f00\u59cb\u5e26von\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd9\u4f4d\u548c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u8054\u59fb\u201c\u7684\u5965\u6797\u5339\u4e9a\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7956\u00b7\u963f\u79d1\u00b7\u6d25\u7eb3\u4f2f\u683c\u5973\u7235<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u201cde\u201d\u53c8\u8ba9\u6570\u6b21\u8f70\u8f70\u70c8\u70c8\u7684\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7ed9\u9707\u6151\u7684\u4e0d\u6562\u518d\u9020\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u53ea\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201cvon\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u90a3\u79cd\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8ddf\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5f53\u5c5e\u6e90\u81ea\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u5bb9\u514b\u8d35\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ddf\u82f1\u6cd5\u7b49\u8001\u724c\u8d35\u65cf\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u60a0\u95f2\u7530\u56ed\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d35\u65cf\u201cvon\u201d\u4eec\u653e\u98de\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u573a\u6240\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u7eaa\u5f8b\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\/\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u5934\u8854\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u517b\u5c0a\u5904\u4f18\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u519b\u529f\uff0c\u7530\u4ea7\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u4e5f\u5c31\u6eda\u6eda\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u4fe1\u6761\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u641e\u201c\u519b\u4e8b\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u624d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e16\u4ee3\u4f20\u627f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b66\u5fb7\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u5bb9\u514b\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e16\u4ee3\u5e26\u5175\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u653b\u57ce\u63a0\u5730\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u5f02\u4e4e\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u7231\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u6df1\u6df1\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u5176\u5bb6\u65cf\u8840\u6db2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6253\u4ed7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff5e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8d35\u65cf\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u6709\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u6fc0\u60c5\u51b2\u950b\u9677\u9635\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p5.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/7161fe218b9f4ce081a39c76d36cef22.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u6218\u4e2d\u738b\u724c\u98de\u884c\u5458\uff0c\u66fc\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u91cc\u5e0c\u7279\u970d\u82ac\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u8d27\u771f\u4ef7\u5b9e\u7684\u4e1c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7537\u7235\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u7ef0\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u7ea2\u7537\u7235\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p4.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/a29bb99895934be3b5786241f53acb42.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7ea2\u7537\u7235\u201d\u6218\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9887\u5177\u9a91\u58eb\u98ce\u5ea6\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u98de\u884c\u5458\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u9686\u91cd\u7684\u846c\u793c<\/p>\n<p>\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5fb7\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u90fd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7684\u5bb9\u514b\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u5357\u5fb7\u5730\u533a\u7684\u201c\u51af\u201d\u4eec\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e61\u6751\u8d35\u65cf\u6216\u8005\u5bab\u5ef7\u8d35\u65cf\uff09\uff0c\u7167\u6837\u4e5f\u8d21\u732e\u8fc7\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u523a\u6740\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u9676\u82ac\u8d1d\u683c\u4e0a\u6821\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8eab\u6b8b\u5fd7\u575a\u7684\u4e0a\u6821\u5148\u751f\u62e5\u6709\u4f2f\u7235\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u5df4\u767b-\u7b26\u817e\u5821\u5dde\u7684\u65af\u56fe\u52a0\u7279\uff08\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5954\u9a70\u3001\u4fdd\u65f6\u6377\u3001\u535a\u4e16\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p0.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/68b9c010482346fe99bac58b3f89aa07.jpeg\" 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src=\"https:\/\/p7.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/3660ee083f3947c9985e13388b0f9898.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u82cf\u519b\u5c31\u51e0\u4e4e\u9a71\u9010\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fc1\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u53ca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u519b\u6c11\u5230\u6b64\u5730\u5b9a\u5c45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u91cc\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u5dde\u201d\uff0c\u54e5\u5c3c\u65af\u5821\u4e5f\u88ab\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u52a0\u91cc\u5b81\u683c\u52d2\u5e02\uff5e\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f2018\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u676f\u4e3e\u529e\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p6.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/3bc4b1e29bb841c7bd9389cc69a04826.jpeg\" 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src=\"https:\/\/p1.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/e3d9f930c3a4496681511808095e5617.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u8d35\u65cf\u201c\u51af\u201d\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u4eec\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5954\u8d74\u6ce2\u5170\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53bb\u201c\u6545\u571f\u201d\u5bfb\u6839\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u91cd\u91d1\u4e70\u56de\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5e84\u56ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u60bb\u60bb\u800c\u5f52\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u60c5\u6b64\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8001\u5bb6\u548c\u7956\u4ea7\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u522b\u56fd\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u51af\u201d\uff08von\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u53eb\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u52b2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/p0.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20211219\/f3920a33da7046eab19407663582d637.jpeg\" 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