{"id":37624,"date":"2024-06-18T08:43:32","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T00:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=37624"},"modified":"2024-06-18T08:43:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T00:43:32","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%98%e6%96%af%e5%8d%a1%e5%88%a9%e4%ba%9a%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%8d%e6%ad%a2%e6%98%af%e5%bc%82%e8%ae%ae%e8%80%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=37624","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u5f02\u8bae\u8005"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5bfc\u8bed\uff1a<\/strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6587\u91c7\u6590\u7136\u53c8\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u8d85\u8d8a\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\u5730\u8df5\u884c\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd125\u5e74\u6765\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u662f\u57281986\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u4f2f\u683c(Warren Burger)\u5ba3\u5e03\u5373\u5c06\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u6b63\u4e3a\u6572\u5b9a\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u5435\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f00\u4ea4\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u75311\u540d\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98+8\u540d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u7edf\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u91cc\u6839(Ronald Reagan)\u63d0\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4f26\u594e\u65af\u7279(William Rehnquist)\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e00\u804c\uff0c\u53c8\u63d0\u540d\u5b89\u4e1c\u5b81\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a(Antonin Scalia)\u8865\u9f50\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u7b80\u5355\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u6548\uff0c1986\u5e74\u7684\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u7531\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7c4d\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u7a0d\u5360\u591a\u6570(53-47)\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7c4d\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u628a\u706b\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u4e86\u4f26\u594e\u65af\u7279\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u627e\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f9\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8698-0\u7684\u5168\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6700\u540e\u4f26\u594e\u65af\u7279\u4ee565-33\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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30\u5e74\u524d\u6295\u4e0b\u8d5e\u6210\u7968\u7684\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5e94\u8be5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u79bb\u4e16\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u600e\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u79f0\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de8\u4eba\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u60b2\u75db\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u7231\u56fd\u8005\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff1b\u300a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6708\u520a\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6c38\u4e45\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u90fd\u5f97\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u884c\u4e8b\uff1b\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4eba\u300b\u5219\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u9020\u6210\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f71\u54cd\u8981\u6bd405\u5e74\u4f26\u594e\u65af\u7279\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u8010\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u653e\u4e0b\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7248\u7684\u7f05\u6000\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff1f\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e38\u5e38\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u7684\u201c\u6d3b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u5341\u5206\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u597d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u662f\u6b7b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4ece1986\u5e74\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c83\u4f26\u00b7\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd8\u6709\u5404\u5927\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u6d3b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d(living Constitution)\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e94\u8be5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ff1\u8fdb\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5341\u5206\u75db\u6068\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u9075\u4ece\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49(originalism)\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u6839\u636e\u6587\u672c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u716718\u4e16\u7eaa\u5236\u5baa\u5148\u8d24\u8d4b\u4e88\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6309\u7167\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5708\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u628a\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1988\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u83ab\u65af\u68ee\u8bc9\u5965\u5c14\u68ee\u201d\u6848(Morrison v. Olson)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ee57-1\u7684\u7968\u6570\u88c1\u5b9a1978\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u4f26\u7406\u6cd5\u300b\u5408\u5baa\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u884c\u653f\u5206\u652f\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u540d\u72ec\u7acb\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\uff0c\u5230\u53f8\u6cd5\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8d77\u8bc9\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5b98\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u64b0\u5199\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u4f26\u7406\u6cd5\u300b\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u5206\u652f\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u884c\u653f\u5206\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5211\u4e8b\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u90a3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u5206\u652f\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u884c\u653f\u5206\u652f\u53d8\u5f97\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u4e09\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u628a\u72ec\u7acb\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u6bd4\u4f5c\u201c\u62ab\u7740\u7f8a\u76ae\u7684\u72fc\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5370\u8bc1\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u5206\u652f\u4e0d\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u30021996\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc9\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u201d\u6848(United States v. Virginia)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96627-1\u88c1\u5b9a\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5355\u6027\u522b\u6559\u80b2\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u8be5\u5b66\u9662\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u62db\u6536\u7537\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u521b\u529e\u53ea\u62db\u5973\u751f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u9662\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u67aa\u5339\u9a6c\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u91cc\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u5728\u75db\u9648\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8f88\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u50f5\u5316\u2026\u2026\u5148\u8f88\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u80fd\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff08\u53ea\u62db\u6536\u7537\u6027\uff09\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u88ab\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u201d\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u672c\u6848\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u628a\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u201c\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u4e0d\u53d7\u675f\u7f1a\u5730\u5199\u5165\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u631a\u53cb\u91d1\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\u6597\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u6210\u6548\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5f88\u5c11\u7f9e\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4f1a\u5192\u72af\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u758f\u8fdc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u674e\u8bc9\u7ef4\u65af\u66fc\u201d\u6848(Lee v. Weisman)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625-4\u88c1\u5b9a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5178\u793c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u662f\u8fdd\u5baa\u7684\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f02\u8bae\u65b9\uff0c\u76f4\u65a5\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u3001\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u7684\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u7ec3\u4e60\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8bed\u65e0\u4f26\u6b21\u201d\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u963f\u7279\u91d1\u65af\u8bc9\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u201d\u6848(Atkins v. Virginia)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96626-3\u5ba3\u5e03\u5904\u51b3\u5f31\u667a\u8005\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u201c\u7981\u6b62\u6b8b\u5fcd\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6cd5\u9662\u610f\u89c1\u50cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5f53\u7136\u559c\u6b22\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u57281996\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u95e8(Harry Blackmun)\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u5df2\u8fc7\u53bb\u76849\u4e2a\u5f00\u5ead\u671f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u672c\u5f00\u5ead\u671f\u7684\u672b\u6bb5\u662f\u6211\u9887\u4e3a\u6c14\u9981\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n


\n1998\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96629\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u96c6\u4f53\u7167<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u9075\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u4eab\u53d7\u64b0\u5199\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u4e0b\u7559\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u6709\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u52305\u7968\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u631a\u53cb\u3001\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u91d1\u65af\u4f2f\u683c(Ruth Ginsburg)\u6709\u65f6\u529d\u8bf4\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6de1\u5316\u5176\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9017\u7b11\u6700\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u597d\u6597\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u6210\u6548\u201d\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u91d1\u65af\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u529d\u8bf4\u201c\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6295\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u5815\u80ce\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u548c\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u548c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u770b\u5230\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6295\u51fa\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u5815\u80ce\u7684\u7968\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u54ac\u7259\u5207\u9f7f\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5165\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7acb\u573a\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u8bef\u8bfb\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u79c1\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u4e13\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u8fdc\u8fdc\u7f6e\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

2003\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u8bc9\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u201d\u6848(Lawrence v. Texas)\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96626-3\u88c1\u5b9a\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u53cd\u9e21\u5978\u6cd5\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u6124\u6012\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u201c\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u5dde\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u2018\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5236\u91cd\u5a5a\u3001\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e71\u4f26\u3001\u5356\u6deb\u3001\u624b\u6deb\u3001\u901a\u5978\u3001\u517d\u4ea4\u3001\u7325\u4eb5\u2026\u2026\u7684\u5404\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u800c\u9762\u4e34\u8d28\u7591\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u5730\u57282015\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5965\u8d1d\u683c\u8d39\u5c14\u8bc9\u970d\u5947\u65af\u201d\u6848(Obergefell v. Hodges)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625-4\u88c1\u5b9a\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6b22\u547c\u96c0\u8dc3\uff0c\u5954\u8d70\u76f8\u544a\u3002\u4f46\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\u6012\u543c\u9053\uff0c\u201c1868\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u90fd\u5c06\u5a5a\u59fb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u7537\u4e00\u5973\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\u2026\u2026\u7ec4\u6210\u591a\u6570\u7684\u4e94\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u8138\u4e0d\u7ea2\u5fc3\u4e0d\u8df3\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6839\u636e\uff081868\u5e74\uff09\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u548c2003\u5e74\u9a6c\u585e\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u51c6\u8bb8\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u90fd\u5728135\u5e74\u5185\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u4e94\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7adf\u7136\u4ece\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u2018\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u2019\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u6beb\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u201d\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u4ed6\u76f4\u65a5\u8fd9\u9879\u5224\u51b3\u662f\u53f8\u6cd5\u5206\u652f\u5bf9\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u5730\u593a\u53d6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u4e0d\u62c5\u5fe7\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u76849\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u8fdb\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u81e3\u670d\u4e8e9\u4f4d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u914d\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u6211\u63cf\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u5815\u80ce\u6216\u8005\u968f\u4fbf\u53cd\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c2015\u5e74\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u2018\u8c01\u8be5\u51b3\u5b9a\u2019\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u89c1\uff1a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8be5\u7559\u7ed9\u4eba\u6c11\uff08\u4e5f\u5373\u6c11\u9009\u56fd\u4f1a\uff09\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u53bb\u5c65\u884c\u804c\u8d23\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf91971\u5e74\u6d89\u53ca\u5815\u80ce\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u201c\u7f57\u4f0a\u8bc9\u97e6\u5fb7\u201d\u6848(Roe v. Wade)\u4e00\u76f4\u803f\u803f\u4e8e\u6000\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u8be5\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7531\u9009\u6c11\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5baa\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6d89\u53ca\u5815\u80ce\uff0c\u90a3\u6709\u5173\u5815\u80ce\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea4\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\uff09\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ecb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u743c\u00b7\u6bd4\u65af\u4e18\u76ae\u514b(Joan Biskupic)\u66fe\u5728\u4e66\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u81ea\u8ff0\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002\u6211\u505a\u5b8c\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8d70\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u524d\u5e76\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u2018\u6211\u60f3\u5bf9\u4f60\u8bf4\u58f0\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u6295\u7968\u652f\u6301\u751f\u547d\u4f18\u5148\u539f\u5219\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u5815\u80ce\uff09\u3002\u2019\u8fd9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u7167\u505a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u548c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5f25\u6492\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u6c11\u4f17\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8ba9\u6211\u5f88\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d5e\u7f8e\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb850\u5e74\u540e\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u8428\u745f\u5170\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u4e2a\u8001\u987d\u56fa\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u4e00\u65b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u3002<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u53ea\u662f\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u624d\u534e\u6a2a\u6ea2\u7684\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5e74\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\u5730\u606a\u5b88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f8\u6cd5\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5047\u501f\u89e3\u91ca\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u72c2\u70ed\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u5904\u4e8e\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u4eec\u90fd\u5f97\u91c7\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9010\u5b57\u9010\u53e5\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u65f6\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c2008\u5e74\u201c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7279\u533a\u8bc9\u8d6b\u52d2\u201d\u6848(District of Columbia v. Heller)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625-4\u88c1\u5b9a\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7279\u533a\u5bf9\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u64b0\u5199\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6301\u67aa\u6743\u4e0d\u6b62\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c11\u5175\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u4e5f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u51fa\u6124\u6012\u7684\u6297\u8bae\uff0c2005\u5e74\u201c\u7f57\u73c0\u8bc9\u897f\u8499\u65af\u201d\u6848(Roper v. Simmons)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625-4\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7981\u6b62\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\u672a\u6ee118\u5c81\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u5904\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u5f02\u8bae\u4e2d\u66b4\u8df3\u5982\u96f7\uff0c\u79f0\u591a\u6570\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5224\u4f8b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u501f\u6b64\u6539\u9020\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b2008\u5e74\u201c\u5e03\u8fc8\u4e01\u8bc9\u5e03\u4ec0\u201d\u6848(Boumediene v. Bush)\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96625-4\u88c1\u5b9a\u53e4\u5df4\u5173\u5854\u90a3\u6469\u5173\u62bc\u7684\u6050\u6016\u5206\u5b50\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u5bfb\u6c42\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u70ae\u8f70\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff1b\u800c\u57282015\u5e74\u91d1\u8bc9\u4f2f\u7ef4\u5c14\u6848(King v. Burwell)\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96626-3\u88c1\u5b9a\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u4fdd\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u533b\u4fdd\u8865\u8d34\u4e0d\u8fdd\u5baa\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u201c\u7a0e\u6536\u8865\u8d34\u201d\u6765\u7f34\u7eb3\u533b\u4fdd\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u53d1\u8868\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e25\u5389\u5730\u5f02\u8bae\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u79f0\u8be5\u6cd5\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u591a\u5c11\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50cf\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea(Anthony Kennedy)\u6216\u8005\u6851\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u6234\u00b7\u5965\u5eb7\u7eb3(Sandra Day O”Connor)\u90a3\u6837\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u7968\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u88c1\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\uff0c50\u5e74\u540e\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u621020\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b-21\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u8428\u745f\u5170\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u5931\u8d25\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u987d\u56fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u8001\u53e4\u677f\u201d\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a2013\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u7b11\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u751f\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u57281986\u5e74\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u63d0\u540d\u88ab\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u665a\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u987f(John Bolton)\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5e86\u795d\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e8698-0\u7684\u5168\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u6208\u5fb7\u534e\u7279(Barry Goldwater) \u548c\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u52a0\u6069(Jake Garn)\u56e0\u8eab\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u6ca1\u53c2\u52a0\u6295\u7968\uff09\u3002\u7535\u8bdd\u90a3\u5934\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9635\u6c89\u9ed8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u5361\u5229\u4e9a\u5e73\u9759\u5730\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6295\u7968\u7684\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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