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\u4f0d\u56fd\u83b9\u662f\u7cbe\u660e\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8425\u5143\u987a\u884c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u906d\u9047\u8ddf\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u7ca4\u6d77\u5173\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u633a\u72fc\u72c8\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f0d\u56fd\u83b9\u6709\u70b9\u65e0\u5fc3\u604b\u6218\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f88\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u628a\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u4f0d\u79c9\u94a7\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f1792\u5e74\u3002\u4f0d\u79c9\u94a7\u975e\u5e38\u80fd\u5e72\uff0c\u4f0d\u79c9\u94a7\u63a5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u52a1\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u6021\u548c\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u6021\u201d\u5b57\u53d6\u5f97\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u7684\u4f0d\u7ae0\u8302\uff08\u5b57\u6021\u4f1f\uff09\u7684\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u7cbe\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u606a\u5b88\u8bda\u4fe1<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\u8bb2\u8d77\u6765\u6574\u4e2a\u8d38\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7ecf\u624b\u4eba\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5c71\u533a\uff0c\u79cd\u8336\u7684\u8336\u56ed\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e0b\u6765\u6574\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u9ec4\u57d4\u6e2f\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u8239\u628a\u8336\u53f6\u8fd0\u8d70\uff0c\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u8336\u53f6\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d53\u7f29\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8336\u533a\u7684\u8336\u519c\u8981\u628a\u8336\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8336\u533a\u7684\u8336\u5546\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8336\u533a\u7684\u8336\u5546\u518d\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u8336\u884c\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u7684\u8336\u884c\u518d\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u518d\u5356\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u5e7f\u5dde\u5341\u4e09\u884c\uff0c1850\u5e74<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u8c6a\u534e\u5e9c\u90b8<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u5168\u7403\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u610f\u8bc6<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001\u5bcc\u53ef\u654c\u56fd\uff0c\u4e07\u4f17\u8ffd\u6367<\/p>\n

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<\/figure>\n

\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u5546\u4e0e\u6d0b\u5546<\/p>\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u9e26\u7247\u70df\u8d29\u5b50\uff0c\u67e5\u987f\u548c\u9a6c\u5730\u81e3\u52fe\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d0b\u884c\u3002\u67e5\u987f\u9a6c\u5730\u81e3\u6d0b\u884c\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u53ebJardine\uff0c\u3000Matheson\u3000and\u3000Company\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u53eb\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u8bf4\u6021\u548c\u5c31\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7684\u6021\u548c\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u67e5\u987f\u548c\u9a6c\u5730\u81e3\u7684\u6021\u548c\u6d0b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u4e0e\u5b98\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u843d\u82b1\u6d41\u6c34<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4f0d\u79c9\u9274\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u7a7f\u5b98\u670d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u753b\u50cf\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u7a7f\u5b98\u670d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5546\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e48\u559c\u6b22\u7a7f\u5b98\u670d\uff1f\u5c31\u5341\u4e09\u884c\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

1\uff0e\u58eb\u519c\u5de5\u5546<\/p>\n

2\uff0e\u5b98\u8d35\u6c11\u8d31<\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u85d0\u89c6\u4ea7\u6743<\/p>\n

4\uff0e\u4fdd\u5546\u5236\u5ea6<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n

\u5927\u6e05\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u6d77\u5173<\/p>\n

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\u5356\u70ad\u7fc1\u5356\u7684\u70ad\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u780d\u67f4\u70e7\u70ad\uff0c\u70ad\u7684\u4ea7\u6743\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5356\u70ad\u7fc1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u628a\u70ad\u62ff\u5230\u8857\u5e02\u4e0a\u5356\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u95f4\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u7fe9\u7fe9\u4e24\u9a91\u6765\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u9ec4\u8863\u4f7f\u8005\u767d\u886b\u513f\u3002\u7687\u5bab\u91cc\u7684\u592a\u76d1\u548c\u722a\u7259\u6765\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u7531\u5206\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u8f66\u70ad\u62c9\u8d77\u5c31\u8d70\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u62ff\u7740\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u6587\u4e66\u5c31\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\uff0c\u62ff\u8d70\u5c31\u62ff\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u70b9\u5948\u4f55\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

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