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\u5728\u5929\u6d25\uff0c\u8be5\u5e02\u5df2\u505c\u4ea7\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u7ea6\u4e3a90%\u3002[13]<\/p>\n
\u6297\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u65e9\u5df2\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u8d22\u653f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u5916\u8d38\u3001\u5de5\u77ff\u4e1a\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u7b49\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6c11\u8425\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u91cd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[14]<\/p>\n
\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u201c\u654c\u4ea7\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u653e\u8086\u5730\u5c06\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u8425\u5382\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\u8fc5\u901f\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u81f31947\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u672c\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u768464%\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ea7\u503c\u53ea\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u768442%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7535\u529b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u5bb9\u91cf\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u768474%\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u7535\u91cf\u53ea\u536061%\u3002[15]<\/p>\n
\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u7684\u654c\u4f2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63f4\u52a9\u800c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u762b\u75ea\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6c14\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u5374\u662f\u5b71\u5f31\u7684\u3002\u201d[16]<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6491\u5185\u6218\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9762\u4e34\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a98\u8feb\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u516c\u5f00\u8981\u6c42\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u5185\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
1946\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u5728\u884c\u653f\u9662\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb0\u8005\u62db\u5f85\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u8bb0\u8005\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7a76\u7adf\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u201d\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\uff1f\u201d\u5b8b\u5b50\u6587\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u529e\u6cd5\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u201d[17]<\/p>\n
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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5374\u81ea\u4fe1\u6ee1\u6ee1\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u519b\u529b\u91cf\u975e\u6bd4\u6c5f\u897f\u527f\u5171\u548c\u6297\u6218\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7a7a\u519b\u3001\u6709\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u91cd\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u7279\u79cd\u5175\uff0c\u201d\u201c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u914d\u5408\u5f97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u901f\u6218\u901f\u51b3\uff0c\u628a\u5978\u532a\u6d88\u706d\u3002\u201d[19]<\/p>\n
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\u4e8c\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u867d\u7136\u65e9\u57281941\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79df\u501f\u6cd5\u6848\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u624d\u731b\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u73e0\u5149\u5b9d\u6c14\u7684\u5bcc\u7fc1\u3002\u5bf9\u534e\u79df\u501f\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u52301947\u5e74\u624d\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u636e\u300a\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\u7edf\u8ba1,\u4ece1941\u5e745\u6708\u81f3\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f,\u7f8e\u56fd\u63f4\u534e\u7684\u79df\u501f\u7269\u8d44\u53ca\u52b3\u52a1\u603b\u8ba1\u7ea6\u4e3a8.46\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143,\u5176\u4e2d\u67aa\u70ae\u5f39\u836f\u3001\u98de\u673a\u3001\u5766\u514b\u3001\u8f66\u8f86\u3001\u8239\u8230\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u519b\u7528\u88c5\u5907\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a5.17\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143,\u5176\u4f59\u57fa\u672c\u4e3a\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u5404\u7c7b\u52b3\u52a1\u5f00\u652f\u3002[21]<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u8d44\u662f\u57281945\u5e74\u521d\u53f2\u8fea\u5a01\u516c\u8def\u901a\u8f66\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u8fd0\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u6297\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u81f31947\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u9646\u7eed\u4ece\u79df\u501f\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f976.947\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002[22]<\/p>\n
\u636e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5f0f\u88c5\u5907\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u90e8\u961f\u4e3a39\u4e2a\u5e08\u3002[23]<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u636e\u5927\u9646\u5b66\u8005\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u79df\u501f\u7269\u8d44\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u81f3\u5c11\u5e94\u670944\u4e2a\u5e08\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\u5236\u8ba2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5374\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\u3002[24]<\/p>\n
\u5927\u6279\u7684\u7f8e\u68b0\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6536\u7f34\u65e5\u519b\u7684\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u98de\u8dc3\u5f0f\u5730\u8dc3\u4e0a\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n
1945\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u8d6b\u5c14\u5229\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7b49\u5230\u5bf9\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u90a3\u4e9b\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\u7684\u5e08\u56e2\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u6218\u80dc\u5171\u519b\u4e86\u3002\u201d[25]<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u7c73\u52a0\u6b65\u67aa\u7684\u56fd\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9aa4\u7136\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u56fd\u519b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5b9e\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u624d\u6562\u4e0d\u60dc\u8fdd\u80cc\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u8d38\u7136\u4e0b\u624b\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u521d\u6b65\u4f30\u8ba18\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u6700\u591a10\u4e2a\u6708\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u5168\u6218\u80dc\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u3002\u5176\u4eb2\u4fe1\u9648\u8bda\u66f4\u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u4f30\u8ba13\u52305\u6708\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002[26]<\/p>\n
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1946\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u6d4e\u6df1\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u517b\u56fd\u519b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u68b0\u5e08\u7684\u5f00\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ef4\u630139\u6240\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u517b200\u4e2a\u5e08\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ec5\u519b\u9977\u5c31\u898128800\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u67aa\u68b0\u5f39\u836f\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u88c5\u5907\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u3002[33]<\/p>\n
\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7b80\u8baf\u66fe\u5f15\u7528\u77e5\u60c5\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u62ab\u9732\uff1a\u201c\u5355\u957f\u6625\u5f39\u4e38\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u519b\u653f\u8d39\u7528\u5373\u8fbe7\u4ebf\u5143\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u201d[34]<\/p>\n
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1947\u5e74\u4e0e1948\u5e74\u7684\u519b\u8d39\u652f\u51fa\u4e0e\u8d22\u653f\u603b\u652f\u51fa\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6bd41946\u5e74\u8fd8\u9ad8\u3002[37]<\/p>\n
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\u636e\u53f2\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5185\u6218\u521a\u5f00\u59cb1\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u5185\u6218\u524d\u76845\u500d\u3002\u5185\u6218\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u76846\u500d\u3002[42]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6076\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
1947\u5e741\u6708\u7684\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\u662f1946\u5e74\u7684\u8fd13\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81f31947\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\u5df2\u9ad8\u8fbe\u5e74\u521d\u76845\u500d\u3002[43]<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u7ee7\u7eed\u66b4\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7136\u800c\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u6253\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u731b\u589e\uff0c\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5b8b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u53d8\u5356\u654c\u4f2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u629b\u552e\u9ec4\u91d1\u5916\u6c47\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5438\u6536\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6cdb\u6ee5\u6210\u707e\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u7136\u901a\u80c0\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u5185\u6218\u9020\u6210\u7684\u519b\u8d39\u5f00\u652f\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5df2\u6210\u51b3\u5824\u4e4b\u52bf\u7684\u7a9f\u7abf\u51b3\u975e\u629b\u552e\u653f\u5e9c\u624b\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u70b9\u9ec4\u91d1\u3001\u5916\u6c47\u6240\u80fd\u5835\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65f6\u4eba\u5c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u201c\u663e\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u9ec4\u91d1\u7684\u731b\u629b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ca\u901a\u8d27\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u4e3a\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u201d[44]<\/p>\n
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\u4ed6\uff08\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\uff09\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5c06\u9677\u5165\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u5e03\u7684\u5730\u5e26\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\uff08\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bbe\u6cd5\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c9\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e94\u5c3d\u529b\u907f\u514d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6b64\u65f6\u65e9\u5df2\u88ab\u81ea\u5df2\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u6b66\u5668\u5f04\u5f97\u5229\u4ee4\u667a\u660f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8a00\u9053\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u6d88\u706d\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u5df2\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u527f\u5171\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u786e\u4fe1\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\u5230\u5341\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u3002[45]<\/p>\n
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1946\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u6d77\u798f\u9f99\u56e0\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u7387\u90e8\u4e3e\u884c\u8499\u8fb9\u8d77\u4e49\u3002[61]<\/p>\n
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\u9a7b\u5c71\u897f\u6587\u6c34\u53bf\u7684\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u90e8\u7b2c49\u5e08\u300172\u5e08\uff0c\u81ea\u5168\u9762\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u81f31946\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u534a\u5e74\u5185\u5373\u9003\u4ea12000\u4f59\u4eba\u3002[65]<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u653e\u6218\u4e89\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\u8005\u5373\u8fbe20\u4e07\u4eba\u3002[66]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u521a\u5f00\u6253\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5c31\u5df2\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u540e\u65b9\u6c11\u5fc3\u591a\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u60c5\u7eea\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u4f20\u67d3\u5230\u4e86\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u90e8\u961f\u58eb\u6c14\u5927\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
1947\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u56fd\u5171\u5854\u6728\u6218\u5f79\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u5728\u63a9\u57cb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5b98\u5175\u5c38\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5c01\u540e\u65b9\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7ed9\u524d\u65b9\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u5bb6\u4e66\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u201c\u5927\u964d\u9965\u8352\uff0c\u516d\u7cae\u4e0d\u6536\uff0c\u53c8\u52a0\u516c\u6b3e\uff0c\u65e5\u65e5\u7763\u50ac\uff0c\u53e3\u65e0\u6240\u98df\uff0c\u624b\u65e0\u4f59\u94b1\uff0c\u65e0\u5948\u5730\u5356\u4e5d\u4ea9\uff0c\u5668\u5177\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u82e6\u96be\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e00\u8a00\u96be\u5c3d\uff0c\u201d\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u201c\u4e5e\u6c42\u4e0a\u5b98\uff0c\u51c6\u5047\u8fd4\u4e61\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef6\u662f\u540e\u65b9\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5411\u5b98\u5175\u62b1\u6028\u7269\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u539f\u6709\u79ef\u84c4\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\u7b49\u7b49\u3002[67]<\/p>\n
\u9648\u8bda\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u62a2\u8d2d\u6f6e\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u5404\u5730\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u62a2\u8d2d\uff0c\u5546\u8d3e\u907f\u5356\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e71\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd\u58eb\u6c14\u4eba\u5fc3\u592a\u5927\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u5931\u6389\u4e86\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6221\u4e71\u519b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u597d\uff1f\u201d[68]<\/p>\n
\u867d\u71361946\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8fdb\u653b\u53d7\u5230\u62b5\u5236\uff0c1947\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u70b9\u8fdb\u653b\u6218\u679c\u7a00\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u7cbe\u9510\u5c1a\u5b58\u3001\u5b9e\u529b\u672a\u6709\u592a\u5927\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u7136\u6b64\u65f6\u519b\u5fc3\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u6218\u6597\u610f\u5fd7\u65e5\u8d8b\u6d88\u6c89\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u5f90\u6c38\u660c\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c1947\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u519b\u4ee4\u90e8\u9ad8\u5c42\u805a\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u5c06\u9886\u6101\u7709\u82e6\u8138\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6253\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002[69]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5f90\u6c38\u660c\u5c31\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u6218\u4e8b\u773c\u524d\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7d0a\u4e71\uff0c\u51e0\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u519b\u653f\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u8d2a\u6c61\uff0c\u5176\u5371\u9669\u4e14\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u6240\u80fd\u8865\u6551\u3002\u51b5\u519b\u961f\u6218\u6597\u529b\u591a\u8d8b\u8870\u5f31\u8036\uff01\u201d[70]<\/p>\n
\u57281947\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6839\u636e\u5404\u5927\u6218\u573a\u4e4b\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5175\u529b\u65e5\u51cf\uff0c\u58eb\u6c14\u65e5\u4ee5\u840e\u9761\u4e0d\u632f\u3002\u201d[71]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u521a\u516c\u5f00\u62a8\u51fb\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5374\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\u201c\u54b1\u7a76\u7adf\u4e3a\u8c01\u6253\u4ed7\uff1f\u201d\u5e76\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u6b64\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u527f\u5171\u771f\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u5e74\u624d\u80fd\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u201d[72]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u767d\u5d07\u79a7\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u6218\u7ee9\u867d\u4f18\u4e8e\u5171\u519b\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u58eb\u6c14\u751a\u4f4e\u3002\u201d[73]<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u540e\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u3001\u524d\u65b9\u519b\u5fc3\u52a8\u6447\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u5c06\u58eb\u6d88\u6781\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
1947\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u6c88\u9633\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u6708\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u5df2\u52a0\u901f\u9893\u5e9f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u51b7\u6de1\u3001\u6028\u6124\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u6b63\u5728\u56fd\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6295\u964d\u4e0e\u9003\u4ea1\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u201d[74]<\/p>\n
\u4e25\u91cd\u6076\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u56fd\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u548c\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5927\u4e3a\u7f29\u6c34\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u9500\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5c06\u58eb\u4e4b\u85aa\u6c34\u589e\u52a0\u751a\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u4ef7\u5374\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u519b\u961f\u6218\u6597\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d77\u519b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u6842\u6c38\u6e05\u57281947\u5e747\u6708\u62a5\u544a\u6d77\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u5f85\u9047\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0a\u6821\u8230\u957f\u6708\u85aa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u6708\u5165\u516d\u4e03\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e70\u4e0d\u6765\u3002[75]<\/p>\n
\u636e\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u91d1\u5706\u5238\u6539\u9769\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u91d1\u5706\u5238\u7684\u5e01\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c1949\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u85aa\u9977\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e0b\u7b49\u5175300\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u7b49\u5175338\u5143\uff0c\u4e0a\u7b49\u5175450\u5143\uff0c\u4e0b\u58eb600\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u58eb750\u5143\uff0c\u4e0a\u58eb1050\u5143\uff0c\u51c6\u5c094560\u5143\uff0c\u5c11\u5c095190\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c096150\u5143\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c097800\u5143\uff0c\u5c11\u68219600\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u682112450\u5143\uff0c\u4e0a\u682114100\u5143\uff0c\u5c11\u5c0615600\u5143\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c0617100\u5143\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c0619000\u5143\u3002\u6309\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\uff0c\u4e0b\u7b49\u5175\u6bcf\u6708300\u5143\u85aa\u9977\uff0c\u53ea\u591f\u4e7015\u4e2a\u70e7\u997c\u3002\u4e0a\u5c0619000\u5143\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u591f\u4e70\u4e00\u62c5\u591a\u7c73\u3002\u526f\u98df\u8d39\uff08\u83dc\u91d1\uff09\u5b98\u5175\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u6708\u4e00\u5f8b1200\u5143\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u53ea\u540840\u5143\u3002[76]<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u56fd\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u5229\u7528\u804c\u6743\u8d2a\u6c61\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u3002\u519b\u5b98\u591a\u5229\u7528\u624b\u4e2d\u4e4b\u804c\u6743\u5403\u7a7a\u9977\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u544a\u8bc9\u5f90\u6c38\u660c\uff0c\u4ed6\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u67d0\u65c5\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u5403\u4e86800\u4e2a\u7a7a\u989d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u519b\u5b98\u5c06\u519b\u9700\u53d8\u5356\uff0c\u8d34\u8865\u5bb6\u7528\u3002[77]<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u767e\u59d3\u201c\u6a2a\u5f81\u66b4\u655b\u201d\u4e4b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6218\u65f6\u8f83\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u3002\u5371\u673a\u4e25\u91cd\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u56fd\u519b\u7684\u8d2a\u8150\uff0c\u800c\u8150\u8d25\u66f4\u52a0\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u519b\u6c11\u548c\u5b98\u5175\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5728\u540e\u65b9\u591a\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u519b\u961f\u7cae\u98df\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5b98\u5175\u5bb6\u5c5e\u4e5f\u8dd1\u5230\u519b\u65c5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u519b\u961f\u5e38\u5728\u884c\u519b\u548c\u6253\u4ed7\u65f6\u643a\u5bb6\u5e26\u53e3\uff0c[78]\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5b98\u5175\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u867d\u5c61\u6b21\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u7981\u4ee4\u65e0\u6cd5\u65bd\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u5728\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u56fd\u519b\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d44\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n
1946\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u5317\u4e0e\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8089\u3001\u76d0\u548c\u6cb9\u9171\u4ece\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u6708\u4f19\u98df\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u716e\u719f\u7684\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u98df\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u70b9\u5473\u9053\u548c\u8425\u517b\u201d\u3002[79]<\/p>\n
\u636e\u897f\u5317\u91ce\u6218\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c1947\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u9655\u5317\u7684\u80e1\u5b97\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u56e0\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u8865\u7ed9\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u58eb\u6c14\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u201d\u80e1\u90e8\u867d\u5df2\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5230\u9655\u5317\u5171\u519b\u4e3b\u529b\u4e4b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u5fc3\u518d\u6218\uff0c\u538c\u6218\u60c5\u7eea\u904d\u53ca\u57fa\u5c42\u5b98\u5175\u3002[80]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u957f\u6625\u3001\u6c88\u9633\u548c\u9526\u5dde\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u65e9\u5df2\u201c\u7269\u4ef7\u98de\u6da8\uff0c\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u519b\u961f\u526f\u98df\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65ad\u9001\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u65e0\u7cae\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u57ce\u5e02\u767e\u59d3\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u9003\u907f\u5230\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u6216\u5e72\u8106\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u519b\u5fc3\u65e9\u5df2\u6da3\u6563\uff0c\u9003\u8dd1\u3001\u6295\u964d\u8005\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u8fde\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n
1948\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u519b\u7cae\u548c\u71c3\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6218\u6597\u7269\u8d44\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u65ad\u7edd\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u201c\u527f\u603b\u201d\u65e0\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5f97\u53ec\u5f00\u7cae\u98df\u7d27\u6025\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u90e8\u961f\u5230\u90ca\u533a\u62a2\u7cae\uff0c\u7ed9\u90ca\u533a\u767e\u59d3\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u707e\u96be\u3002[81]<\/p>\n
1947\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5c01\u9501\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u51fa\u73b0\u7cae\u8352\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6446\u8131\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u960e\u9521\u5c71\u5148\u662f\u5b9e\u884c\u7cae\u98df\u914d\u7ed9\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u5c5e\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u758f\u6563\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7ea6\u519b\u7cae\u3002\u758f\u6563\u65f6\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u62d6\u5bb6\u5e26\u53e3\u3001\u54ed\u95f9\uff0c\u5883\u51b5\u6df7\u4e71\u51c4\u60e8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u52301948\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u8fde\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u90fd\u597d\u51e0\u5929\u5403\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e00\u987f\u996d\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5927\u91cf\u9003\u4ea1\u3002\u960e\u867d\u4e25\u4ee4\u67aa\u6bd9\u9003\u5175\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u7981\u6b62\u3002[82]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b56\u53cd\u6210\u7ee9\u5353\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ece1946\u5e746\u6708\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u52301950\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u9000\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u9646\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6218\u573a\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u519b\u8fbe\u5230\u5c06\u8fd185\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u7684\u56fd\u519b\u603b\u6570\u7684\u4e5d\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[83]<\/p>\n
\u800c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u5e74\u5934\u53731946\u5e74\u30011947\u5e74\u548c1948\u5e74\u4e2d\u53f6\u524d\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u519b\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u57281946\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u4e4b\u90e8\u961f\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6253\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5df2\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6709\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ea4\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n
\u800c\u57281947\u5e74\u548c1948\u5e74\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6797\u7acb\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u503e\u8f67\uff0c\u56e0\u77db\u76fe\u800c\u6295\u964d\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u4e2d\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c06\u90e8\u961f\u7b56\u53cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u8981\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u7a81\u7834\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53d8\u6210\u654c\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8d77\u4e49\u90e8\u961f\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6216\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u524d\u9014\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u671b\u4e4b\u519b\u5fc3\u7684\u914d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u56fd\u7edf\u533a\u540e\u65b9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u8fd8\u6709\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f7b\u6613\u5c31\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u636e\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ee5\u9756\u533a59\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u526f\u519b\u957f\u5b5f\u7ecd\u6fc2\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u65e9\u4e8e1946\u5e74\u5e95\u8054\u7cfb\u6c11\u9769\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8054\u7edc\u5458\u63a5\u4e0a\u5934\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65e0\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u524d\u9014\u5341\u5206\u5931\u671b\u3002[84]<\/p>\n
\u8fbd\u6c88\u6218\u5f79\u5728\u9526\u5dde\u4f1a\u6218\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u66fe\u8981\u6c42\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u589e\u63f4\u534e\u5317\uff0c\u5085\u6001\u5ea6\u6d88\u6781\u3002\u5176\u4eb2\u4fe1\u56fd\u519b\u534e\u5317\u201c\u527f\u603b\u201d\u4e2d\u5c06\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u674e\u4e16\u6770\u5728\u848b\u8d70\u540e\u5bf9\u5085\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u201c\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u201d\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u5230\u5904\u201c\u67aaS\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u529d\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u65e9\u4f5c\u6253\u7b97\u3002[85]<\/p>\n
1948\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u98de\u5f80\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5085\u4f5c\u4e49\u90e8\u519b\u5fc3\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u6218\u6253\u8d77\uff0c\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c\u3002\u7136\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u534e\u5317\u7b2c92\u519b\u519b\u957f\u9ec4\u7fd4\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u5c31\u60f3\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u4ef7\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u731b\u6da8\uff0c\u6324\u5151\u9ec4\u91d1\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\u4e5f\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u8feb\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u597d\u8f6c\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u3002[86]<\/p>\n
1948\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e1c\u5317\u8425\u53e3\u7684\u738b\u5bb6\u5584\u90e8\u88ab\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7b56\u53cd\u8d77\u4e49\u3002\u800c\u7b56\u53cd\u4eba\u5458\u6700\u65e9\u4e0e\u738b\u90e8\u63a5\u4e0a\u5934\u662f\u57281947\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5e08\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u738b\u90e8\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8054\u7edc\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u7ecf\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e4b\u9ed1\u6697\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u9884\u611f\u524d\u9014\u65e0\u671b\u3002\u8be5\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u738b\u5bb6\u5584\u5e08\u957f\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u7269\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6da8\u3001\u6c11\u751f\u51cb\u655d\u3001\u767e\u59d3\u548c\u5b98\u5175\u7a77\u56f0\u6f66\u5012\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\u3002[87]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6dee\u6d77\u6218\u5f79\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5f20\u514b\u4fa0\u7387\u90e8\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u7ed9\u5f90\u5dde\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u4ee5\u81f4\u547d\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u5f20\u867d\u65e9\u671f\u52a0\u5165\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u515a\u3002\u5f20\u518d\u6b21\u6062\u590d\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u57281946\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u540e\u4e24\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5f20\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e4b\u7edf\u6cbb\u8d8a\u53d1\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5317\u5e73\u9762\u7c89\u95fb\u6089\u5df2\u8fbe\u767e\u4e07\u5143\u4e00\u888b\uff0c\u5982\u8003\u8651\u672a\u6765\u6709\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4e00\u888b\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u89c9\u9a87\u7136\u77e3\uff01\u771f\u4e0d\u77e5\u4eba\u6c11\u5982\u4f55\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u8005\u5982\u4ecd\u80fd\u6021\u7136\u81ea\u5f97\uff0c\u5b89\u5750\u706b\u5c71\u6263\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u96c5\u5ea6\u8bda\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u540e\u4ed6\u53c8\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u4e4b\u8dc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5929\u707e\u53ca\u4e0d\u5df2\u7684\u4eba\u7978\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u6b86\u4e0d\u53ef\u514d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u519b\u5fc3\u3001\u6c11\u5fc3\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65e5\u76ca\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u76f4\u5448\u4e00\u9762\u5012\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u5982\u7269\u4ef7\u5c0f\u843d\u5927\u6da8\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u597d\u8f6c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c\u5f97\u6c11\u8005\u660c\uff0c\u5931\u6c11\u8005\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f7c\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b7b\u515a\uff0c\u80c1\u6301\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u5a01\u80c1\u5229\u8bf1\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u653f\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u7a0d\u609f\uff1f\u5728\u8098\u814b\u5200\u5251\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4ecd\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\uff0c\u5176\u5f81\u8c61\u65e9\u5df2\u663e\u660e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
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