\u4f5c\u8005:\u738b\u8fde\u82b1<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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1934\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f18\u5f85\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u51e1\u5c5e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6216\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u53bb\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u8015\u79cd\u548c\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f18\u5f85\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u8015\u7530\u961f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8015\u7530\u961f\u62c5\u4efb\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\uff0c\u519c\u5fd9\u65f6\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e61\u4ee5\u533a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5b9e\u884c\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u8c03\u52a8\u201d[1]P197\u3002\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u6b64\u53f7\u53ec\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5e26\u5934\u53c2\u52a0\u4f18\u5f85\u7ea2\u519b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u636e\u300a\u7ea2\u8272\u4e2d\u534e\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c1934\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5e2e\u52a9\u745e\u91d1\u4e0b\u8096\u533a\u53ca\u4e5d\u5821\u533a\u5404\u4e61\u7684\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u505a\u4e49\u52a1\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5148\u950b\u6a21\u8303\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4f18\u5f85\u7ea2\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\uff0c\u65e2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u7ebf\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8425\u9020\u4e86\u53c2\u519b\u5149\u8363\u3001\u519b\u5c5e\u5149\u8363\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6c1b\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u5242\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u666e\u904d\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n (\u4e8c)<\/p>\n \u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u5b9e\u7269\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u8d27\u5e01\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u82cf\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u9000\u5f79\u53d1\u7ed9\u8865\u52a9\u30021932\u5e741\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ea2\u8272\u4e2d\u534e\u300b\u6240\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u519c\u7ea2\u519b\u4f18\u5f85\u6761\u4f8b\u51b3\u8bae\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\u670d\u52a1\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e74\u9f84\u6ee1\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5c81\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u9000\u804c\u4f11\u517b\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8865\u52a9\u5176\u7ec8\u8eab\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff1b[1]P189\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u4f24\u6b8b\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u53d1\u7ed9\u629a\u6064\u91d1\u3002\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbe\u7acb\u6b8b\u5e9f\u9662\uff0c\u51e1\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u6216\u5728\u7ea2\u519b\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u800c\u6b8b\u5e9f\u8005\uff0c\u5165\u9662\u4f11\u517b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u5c45\u6b8b\u5e9f\u9662\u8005\uff0c\u6309\u5e74\u7ed9\u7ec8\u8eab\u629a\u6064\u8d39\uff0c\u7531\u5404\u53bf\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u6309\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u5f62\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u4e94\u5341\u5143\u5927\u6d0b\u3002\u201d[1]P189\u51e1\u7ea2\u519b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u6b8b\u5e9f\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u5b50\u5973\u5f1f\u59b9\u5e7c\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbe\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5b66\u6821\u4e13\u95e8\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u59bb\u5b50\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ef4\u6301\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u6d25\u8d34\u201d[1]P190\u3002<\/p>\n \u4ee5\u5b9e\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u8865\u507f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u7269\u8865\u507f\u4e0e\u8d27\u5e01\u8865\u507f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u8865\u507f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5176\u66f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u5b9e\u7269\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u6253\u571f\u8c6a\u65f6\uff0c\u519b\u5c5e\u4eab\u6709\u201c\u5206\u6d6e\u8d22\u201d\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u571f\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f7\u8bad\u4ee4\u300a\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u571f\u5730\u6597\u4e89\u5f7b\u5e95\u6ca1\u6536\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u8d22\u4ea7\u300b\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u6536\u6765\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u2026\u2026\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u6563\u53d1\u7ed9\u8d2b\u82e6\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u201d[1]P335\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u5b9e\u7269\u8865\u507f\u662f\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u53ca\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u8865\u507f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e2\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u519b\u5c5e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u9000\u3001\u4f24\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u987f\uff0c\u514d\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\u3002<\/p>\n (\u4e09)<\/p>\n \u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4eba\u529b\u52a8\u5458\u8865\u507f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u533a\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u5b9e\u65bd\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7a0e\u6536\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u901a\u4fe1\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u548c\u4f18\u5f85\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u95f4\u63a5\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5728\u7a0e\u6536\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1932\u5e741\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ea2\u8272\u4e2d\u534e\u300b\u6240\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u519c\u7ea2\u519b\u4f18\u5f85\u6761\u4f8b\u51b3\u8bae\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5bb6\u5c5e\u514d\u7eb3\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u5207\u6350\u7a0e\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6240\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e4b\u56fd\u5bb6\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u514d\u7eb3\u79df\u91d1\u3002\u201d[1]P189\u5728\u8d2d\u7269\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5f97\u4eab\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u5e97\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e94\u51cf\u4ef7\u7684\u4f18\u5f85\uff0c\u5f53\u5fc5\u987b\u54c1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e4b\u6743\u201d[1]P189\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u7ea2\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u4e58\u5750\u8f6e\u8239\u706b\u8f66\uff0c\u5176\u8d39\u7528\u6982\u7531\u516c\u5bb6\u53d1\u7ed9\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u4e0e\u5bb6\u5c5e\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6709\u76f4\u5c5e\u673a\u5173\u76d6\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d34\u90ae\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u5bc4\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5bc4\u4fe1\u5230\u7ea2\u519b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u76d6\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8d34\u90ae\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u5bc4\u5230\u7ea2\u519b\u673a\u5173\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u201d[1]P189\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u7ea2\u519b\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5b50\u5f1f\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u514d\u7eb3\u4e00\u5207\u7528\u8d39\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5a31\u4e50\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u620f\u573a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u514d\u8d39\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u7ea2\u519b\u770b\u620f\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u7968\u4ef7\u51cf\u534a\u3002\u201d[1]P189\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u6027\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u548c\u57f9\u80b2\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u53c2\u52a0\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u611f\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e8c\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u82cf\u533a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8d22\u529b\u52a8\u5458\u53ca\u5176\u8865\u507f<\/strong><\/p>\n 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(\u4e00)<\/p>\n 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(\u4e8c)<\/p>\n 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(\u4e09)<\/p>\n 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