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\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u7684\u8e7f\u5347\uff0c\u5e76\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5404\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6743\u67c4\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4f17\u591a\u56e0\u6539\u7ec4\u800c\u500d\u611f\u5931\u843d\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8001\u515a\u5458\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002\u4e2d\u51715\u6708\u6269\u5927\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u9762\u8868\u793a\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5374\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6240\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u4fc4\u89e3\u51b3\u60ac\u6848\u5927\u7eb2\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u66f4\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u6293\u4f4f\u53e3\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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1924\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u51af\u7389\u7965\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u52a8\u5317\u4eac\u5175\u53d8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u76f4\u7cfb\u638c\u63a7\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7535\u9080\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u4eac\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u548c\u89e3\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b23\u7136\u5e94\u5141\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u5317\u4f10\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u52a8\u8eab\u5317\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u884c\u81f3\u5929\u6d25\u5373\u56e0\u809d\u75c5\u53d1\u4f5c\u800c\u81f4\u75c5\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u6b64\u756a\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u548c\u5bf9\u4eca\u540e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4f9d\u8d56\u82cf\u8054\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u663e\u9732\u65e0\u9057\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9057\u5631\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f59\u81f4\u529b\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u51e1\u56db\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u79ef\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6df1\u77e5\u6b32\u8fbe\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5524\u8d77\u6c11\u4f17\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u5f85\u6211\u4e4b\u6c11\u65cf\u5171\u540c\u594b\u6597\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u81f4\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9057\u4e66\uff0c\u5185\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u8eab\u60a3\u4e0d\u6cbb\u4e4b\u75c7\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8f6c\u5411\u4e8e\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4e8e\u6211\u515a\u53ca\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u8054\u5408\u4e4b\u9996\u9886\u3002\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5927\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u5217\u5b81\u9057\u4ea7\u4e0e\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u771f\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u201d\u201c\u6211\u9057\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u89e3\u653e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u4fb5\u7565\u56fd\u4e4b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f60\u4eec\u5408\u529b\u5171\u4f5c\u3002\u547d\u8fd0\u4f7f\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u4e0b\u6211\u672a\u7adf\u4e4b\u4e1a\uff0c\u79fb\u4ea4\u4e8e\u5f7c\u8c28\u5b88\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6211\u771f\u6b63\u540c\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u6545\u6211\u5df2\u5631\u5490\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8fdb\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ffe\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u514d\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u52a0\u8bf8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u534a\u6b96\u6c11\u72b6\u51b5\u4e4b\u7f81\u7f1a\u3002\u4e3a\u8fbe\u6b64\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u547d\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u957f\u6b64\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0e\u4f60\u4eec\u63d0\u643a\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\uff1a\u4f60\u4eec\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u6b64\u4e88\u6211\u56fd\u4e4b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u201d[19]<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5e72\u6d89\u4e0e\u4e09\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8b\u53d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1925\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u5171\u5317\u65b9\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u674e\u5927\u948a\u7b49\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u9a7b\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u519b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u519b\u519b\u957f\u80e1\u666f\u7ffc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u80e1\u540c\u610f\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u6d3e\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u519b\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u65994\u670810\u65e5\u80e1\u666f\u7ffc\u7a81\u7136\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u8ba1\u5212\u544a\u5439\u3002[20]\u597d\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u4e5f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4e0e\u51af\u7389\u7965\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u51af\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u643a\u624b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u6df1\u53d7\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u4ed6\u57284\u670828\u65e5\u5411\u51c6\u5907\u6d3e\u5f80\u51af\u7389\u7965\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\u8bf4\u660e\u5bf9\u51af\u7b56\u7565\u65f6\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u80af\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u51af\u519b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u65b9\u56fd\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u67f1\u77f3\uff0c\u5e94\u9020\u6210\u51af\u519b\u4e4b\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5f3a\u56fa\u6301\u4e45\u201d\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5f97\u6b64\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5373\u62e8\u51fa\u6b65\u67aa18000\u652f\uff0c\u673a\u67aa90\u633a\uff0c\u5927\u70ae24\u95e8\u53ca\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5f39\u836f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u98de\u673a10\u67b6\u7b49\uff0c\u7ecf\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e4b\u5e93\u4f26\u8fc5\u901f\u8fd0\u9001\u7ed9\u9a7b\u5f20\u5bb6\u53e3\u7684\u51af\u519b\u3002\u800c\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u4e2d\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u66f4\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5411\u51af\u7389\u7965\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u519b\u63d0\u4f9b2000\u591a\u4e07\u5362\u5e03\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u63f4\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[21]\u5176\u63f4\u52a9\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u529b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u5df2\u660e\u663e\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u76d6\u5949\u5f20\u4e4b\u80dc\u5229\u5373\u5b88\u65e7\u6d3e\u4e4b\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5c24\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u6700\uff09\u4e4b\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u6df1\u8db3\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u4e4b\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u5373\u4e0d\u5c06\u5949\u5f20\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5b9c\u524a\u5f31\u4e4b\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5949\u5f20\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u654c\u4eba\u5373\u7cfb\u51af\u7389\u7965\u3002\u201d[22]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u51af\u7389\u7965<\/p>\n

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\u5c31\u5728\u52a0\u62c9\u7f55\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u65bd\u5c55\u795e\u901a\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8054\u5408\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53cd\u5949\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u8fd9\u8fb9\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u4e5f\u65bd\u5c55\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7fa4\u9f99\u65e0\u9996\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u52bf\u529b\u523a\u6740\u4e86\u5de6\u7ffc\u9886\u8896\u5ed6\u4ef2\u607a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u5177\u6709\u53f3\u503e\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5b9e\u6743\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u8bb8\u5d07\u667a\u548c\u80e1\u6c49\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u548c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u63a8\u4e0a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u8896\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002\u968f\u5373\uff0c\u57281926\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c6a\u3001\u848b\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u524d\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fd1\u534a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u59d4\u548c\u76d1\u59d4\u9f50\u96c6\u5317\u4eac\u897f\u5c71\u78a7\u4e91\u5bfa\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u7075\u524d\u53ec\u5f00\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e00\u5c4a\u56db\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u9664\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u52a0\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e4b\u515a\u5458\u515a\u7c4d\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u987e\u95ee\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4ee3\u8868\u7ef4\u7ecf\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u628a\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u4e2d\u59d4\u548c\u76d1\u59d4\u4e0d\u5012\u5411\u201c\u897f\u5c71\u4f1a\u8bae\u6d3e\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8c\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u7684\u5b9e\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5927\u5927\u5730\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u76d1\u59d4\u91cc\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u90e8\u76848\u4e2a\u90e81\u4e2a\u5904\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\u5219\u5360\u636e\u4e8677%\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u800c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u5df2\u8fbe\u767e\u4eba\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u3001\u516d\u519b\u5404\u519b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u519b\u4e2d3\u4e2a\u5e08\u7684\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u548c9\u4e2a\u56e2\u91cc7\u4e2a\u56e2\u7684\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\u90fd\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u8fd9\u65f6\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u519b\u4e8b\u90e8\u95e8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u5e7f\u4e1c\u8fd8\u638c\u63e1\u4e862000\u5de5\u4eba\u6b66\u88c5\u7ea0\u5bdf\u961f\u548c6000\u519c\u6c11\u81ea\u536b\u519b\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u7740\u5927\u7ea610\u4e07\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u548c60\u4e07\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u519c\u4f1a\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4ecd\u65e7\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u62c5\u5fc3\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u672a\u6765\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u5b9e\u6743\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u548c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u6c6a\u5bf9\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u8a00\u542c\u8ba1\u4ece\uff0c\u848b\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\u7684\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5e7f\u5dde\u6700\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u3002[24]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\uff0c\u7406\u5f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5374\u4e0d\u6599\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8c\u5927\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u663e\u6392\u65a5\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u4e8c\u3007\u4e8b\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1927\u5e74,\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u548c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n

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3\u670820\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7a81\u7136\u6307\u6325\u519b\u961f\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u5168\u57ce\u5b9e\u884c\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u674e\u4e4b\u9f99\u53ca\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u7b2c\u4e00\u519b\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u5458\u7ea650\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u7701\u6e2f\u7f62\u5de5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4e1c\u5c71\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u5bd3\u6240\uff0c\u6536\u7f34\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7ea0\u5bdf\u961f\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u536b\u961f\u7684\u67aa\u68b0\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u4e2d\u5c71\u8230\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u8981\u6c42\u53ec\u5f00\u653f\u6cbb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u51b3\u8bae\u4ee4\u5b63\u5c71\u5609\u7b49\u4eba\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u64a4\u6362\u7b2c\u4e00\u519b\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002[27]\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u7387\u9886\u82cf\u8054\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u6765\u5e7f\u5dde\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u517c\u7ea2\u519b\u653f\u6cbb\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u5e03\u52c3\u8bfa\u592b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u5305\u529e\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u660e\u786e\u4e3b\u5f20\u7b54\u5e94\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u64a4\u6362\u5b63\u5c71\u5609\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u53e3\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u4ee5\u751f\u75c5\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u9690\u533f\u4e0d\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e5f\u66f4\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8c\u5c4a\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7531\u4ed6\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u300a\u6574\u7406\u515a\u52a1\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u9664\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u59d4\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e4b\u515a\u5458\u540d\u5355\u4ea4\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff1b\u975e\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u515a\u90e8\u4e4b\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0d\u5f97\u522b\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u4e0d\u5f97\u5145\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u5173\u4e4b\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6279\u8bc4\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u53ca\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5458\u672a\u53d7\u51c6\u8131\u515a\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u5f97\u52a0\u5165\u4e2d\u5171\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002[28]<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u987e\u95ee\u4e0e\u5317\u4f10\u6218\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u884c\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u5317\u4f10\u519b<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001 \u201c\u4e94\u6708\u6307\u793a\u201d\u4e0e\u56fd\u5171\u5206\u5bb6<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5317\u4f10\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u8ba9\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5f88\u5feb\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5927\u5531\u8d5e\u6b4c\u3002\u300a\u771f\u7406\u62a5\u300b\u63a5\u8fde\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u79f0\u8d5e\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u201c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c9\u609f\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u9600\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u201c\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u3001\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u4eab\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u5a01\u671b\u7684\u201d\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u961f\u201d\u3002[33]\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e5f\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u548c\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5c06\u9760\u519b\u961f\u53d6\u80dc\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u548c\u65e7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u519b\u961f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u548c\u4f18\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d[34]<\/p>\n

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\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u8fd9\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u4e0d\u53ef\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u591a\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u4fbf\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u94c1\u5f8b\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u201c\u505a\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u519c\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u72ec\u88c1\u5236\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u822a\u4e1a\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u3001\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5173\u652f\u914d\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u201d[38]\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u65cf\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u5230\u7a33\u56fa\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5df2\u5230\u593a\u53d6\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u786e\u6709\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u786e\u53ef\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c5\u8d1f\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u201c\u4e00\u6c14\u5475\u6210\u201d\u3002[39]<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u8dc3\u8dc3\u6b32\u8bd5\u5730\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u201c\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u727a\u7272\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u65b0\u53f3\u6d3e\u4e89\u593a\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u603b\u662f\u6162\u534a\u62cd\u7684\u8054\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u4e8e3\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u63a5\u8fde\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u70ed\u60c5\u5927\u6cfc\u51b7\u6c34\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u8fde\u81f4\u7535\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u51b2\u5165\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u53d1\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c49\u53e3\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u79df\u754c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8054\u5408\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6ce8\u610f\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5de6\u53f3\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ed3\u4fc3\u51fa\u9762\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u9690\u853d\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5e94\u5b9e\u9645\u51c6\u5907\u6b66\u88c5\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u6b66\u5668\u4ea4\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u5229\u65f6\u5c06\u6b66\u5668\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u3002[40]<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u5230\u4e2d\u5171\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7b49\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8e4\u670812\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\u627e\u501f\u53e3\u7f34\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7ea0\u5bdf\u961f\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u300218\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u848b\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u516c\u5f00\u53e6\u7acb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u65f6\u5728\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8fd8\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u8840\u8165\u7684\u201c\u6e05\u515a\u201d\u63aa\u65bd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u4e00\u4e8c\u4e8b\u53d8\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u548c\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u519b\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u7684\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5f00\u5f52\u9644\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u897f\u5357\u8bf8\u7701\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u90fd\u7ad9\u5230\u4e86\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u6731\u57f9\u5fb7\u5219\u5939\u5728\u5b81\u6c49\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u6447\u6446\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e86\u6e56\u5317\u548c\u6e56\u5357\u4e24\u7701\u533a\u3002\u4e24\u7701\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u56e0\u5de5\u519c\u8fd0\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u822a\u8fd0\u53ca\u9646\u8def\u5747\u906d\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u7edf\u6218\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u519b\u961f\u548c\u5de5\u519c\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6108\u53d1\u7d27\u5f20\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6e56\u5317\u590f\u6597\u5bc5\u90e8\u548c\u6e56\u5357\u957f\u6c99\u8bb8\u514b\u7965\u90e8\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f7f\u6b66\u6c49\u653f\u5e9c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u6e56\u5317\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6e56\u5357\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u6b66\u6c49\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6355\u6740\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u674e\u5927\u948a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u67e5\u6284\u548c\u5f88\u5feb\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u5927\u6279\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u82cf\u8054\u5927\u529b\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u548c\u51af\u7389\u7965\u56fd\u6c11\u519b\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u548c\u51af\u7389\u7965\u90fd\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u3002\u6b66\u6c49\u653f\u5e9c\u751a\u81f3\u89e3\u9664\u4e86\u9c8d\u7f57\u5ef7\u7684\u987e\u95ee\u804c\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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