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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861268217hfqMmt.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A47%3A49Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F6fa4f08a44303999cb5c7cde73455dc4738ccf49737de59091a57b5bd573c291\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Rebecca L. Spang<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861309820TJDUU4.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A48%3A31Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Faa32a69ff7b6b3e645053f5b54fa68fb3ca68d72ed89cc3efb0c785514f4831c\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Suzanne Desan<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u9886\u8854\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u5c5e\u8482\u83ab\u897f\u00b7\u5854\u514b\u7279\uff0c\u57281996\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6210\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u601d\u60f3\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6e90\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u201c\u91ca\u8bfb\u201d\uff08read\uff09\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u5bf9\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u68c0\u89c6\u3002[7]\u4ed6\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u4e24\u6d3e\u89c2\u70b9\u5747\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bba\u636e\uff1a\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u90fd\u672a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4fe1\u5949\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u6761\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u201d\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u975e\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u8005\u73b0\u5b9e\u53ef\u611f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\uff1b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002[8]\u5728\u5854\u514b\u7279\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6279\u5173\u6ce8\u9769\u547d\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u884c\uff1a2000\u5e74\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9634\u8c0b\u7656\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u5bfc\u5411\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002[9]\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5f53\u56fd\u738b\u9003\u8dd1\u4e4b\u65f6\u300b\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53f2\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c06\u89c6\u7ebf\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u74e6\u4f26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002[10]1791\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u8fb9\u9672\u5c0f\u9547\u74e6\u4f26\u88ab\u4eba\u622a\u83b7\u5e76\u6263\u62bc\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u3002\u5854\u514b\u7279\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5230\u8981\u5e9f\u9664\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u738b\u51fa\u9003\u7684\u4e11\u95fb\u8ba9\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u7fa4\u60c5\u6fc0\u594b\u4e0b\u56fd\u738b\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u795e\u5723\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u672c\u4e0d\u660e\u6717\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5c40\u52bf\u6025\u8f6c\u76f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5904\u6b7b\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7b49\u540e\u7eed\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u56e0\u7ed9\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u51b2\u51fb\u4f53\u9a8c\u800c\u4f7f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u504f\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861341801o5bWp1.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A49%3A03Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F63b0872aa0679983dad51fcbb535818832bef9deb5da28a102416227a0a47a50\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Timothy Tackett<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5165\u624b\u8003\u5bdf\u9769\u547d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fe5\u5f02\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002[11]\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u96f7\u8fea\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5c24\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u60c5\u611f\u89c6\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002[12]\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ffd\u95ee\uff1a\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u51f8\u663e\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff1f\u4ee5\u82f1\u7f8e\u5b66\u754c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861368421NhUOhM.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A49%3A29Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F848bc0956b1291d55f8d8b52fae7da33ee6f96576623334ff87f2a46457b9efd\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Willliam M.Reddy<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d220\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e13\u520a\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd1\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u5217\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1989\u5e74\u540e\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u5b66\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u201c\u505c\u6b62\u4e89\u8bae\u9769\u547d\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51b3\u5fc3\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7bc7\u7ae0\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u3002[13]\u6797\u00b7\u4ea8\u7279\u548c\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5219\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u5747\u53cd\u601d\u4e86\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91cd\u5ba1\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u611f\u53d7\u201d\u4e3a\u843d\u811a\u70b9\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea8\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u6551\u9677\u5165\u505c\u987f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5168\u7403\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u65e2\u5f80\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6697\u542b\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u50f5\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5979\u53cd\u601d\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5979\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5171\u60c5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u4e2a\u4eba\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u9769\u547d\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u5904\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u4e00\u5957\u653f\u6cbb\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5f20\u7531\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u7ec7\u6210\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u7f51\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u5177\u8c61\u5316\u6216\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u201d[14]\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u5c06\u4eba\u7f6e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8c0b\u5212\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u629b\u5f03\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u56e0\u679c\u8bba\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5904\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u559c\u6012\u54c0\u4e50\uff0c\u6050\u60e7\u6216\u81ea\u8c6a\u3001\u70ed\u60c5\u6216\u538c\u6076\u2014\u2014\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u3002[15]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861405959FLXhVF.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A50%3A07Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F0937f9b7f47f462df0b7f1b0931bb5bbfbd9302049d2c04424256720d7c7c916\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Lynn Hunt<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17758614388322J7S5P.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A50%3A40Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fa9da18199fae2b8ed7c9ccab6f4a83114058153dedf467a43a7e2dce6b8fc03d\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sophia Rosenfeld<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea8\u7279\u548c\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e86\u5854\u514b\u7279\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u8df5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5bbd\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u771f\u5207\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5728\u5979\u4eec\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u7167\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u9010\u6e10\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0e\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u7531\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u52bf\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u201d\u4e5f\u5185\u542b\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u5f80\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u5e74\u4ee3\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u5b58\u5728\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\uff1b\u89e3\u91ca\u89c6\u89d2\u4ece\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u8f6c\u5411\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u62d2\u65a5\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u5171\u60c5\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5386\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u6761\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5728\u6307\u5f15\u7740\u9769\u547d\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u63a2\u8ba8\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u5207\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u8981\u7ea0\u6b63\u4ee5\u5f80\u4ee5\u8bba\u4ee3\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u503e\u5411\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u89c6\u89d2\u8ffd\u95ee\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65f6\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1b\u60c5\u611f\u53f2\u4ecb\u5165\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5219\u7740\u529b\u4e8e\u5728\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u7406\u4e2d\u6df1\u5316\u4eba\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a\u63a2\u5bfb\u65f6\u4eba\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u611f\u77e5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6b63\u6d3e\u4e3a\u4e86\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u7834\u9664\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u601d\u8def\u7684\u786e\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5927\u52a0\u97ad\u631e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd1\u6765\u9769\u547d\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u89c6\u89d2\u8f6c\u6362\u81f3\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8eab\u5904\u5730\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8eab\u5904\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9769\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u5230\u60c5\u52bf\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u3001\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u57282006\u5e74\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u83f2\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u5386\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u7740\u624b\u63ed\u793a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u601d\u8003\u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u7f57\u5927\u4f17\u800c\u8a00\u5230\u5e95\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4ed6\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u4e61\u6751\u548c\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4e2a\u6848\u548c\u5730\u533a\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ee5\u5f80\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u653f\u575b\u5f15\u9886\u7740\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5916\u7701\u6751\u9547\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u624d\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u9769\u547d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u98a0\u8986\u4f53\u5236\u6216\u542f\u8499\u7406\u60f3\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e4e\u751f\u8ba1\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u611f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u7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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861483466X6fkfC.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A51%3A25Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F31d6fba3833be3a2f7385d8820547b87cbd9f0cef95818895815bd5c98f3e804\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Living the French Revolution, 1787-99<\/p>\n<p>Peter Mcphee<\/p>\n<p>Palgrave Macmillan\uff0c2006<\/p>\n<p>\u57282009\u5e74\u7cfb\u7edf\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c2013\u5e74\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u5217\u65af\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u4f53\u9a8c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u547c\u5e94\u7740\u6797\u00b7\u4ea8\u7279\u65e9\u5148\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u201c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d[17]\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e86\u9009\u9898\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u57fa\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4e0d\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u601d\u8003\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u523b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u611f\u6027\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fc0\u60c5\u6f8e\u6e43\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u8d5e\u8a89\u8fd8\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62a8\u51fb\uff0c\u82e5\u57fa\u4e8e\u540e\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u76d6\u68fa\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u5931\u4e4b\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861517389j_2Hnn.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A51%3A58Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F01d176905dd3eb88708b3dd9a3d83f2fa6a7780b87f60afcd3e1d246e4f893bc\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Experiencing the French Revolution<\/p>\n<p>David Andress eds.<\/p>\n<p>Voltaire Foundation, 2013<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u534e\u5c14\u987f\u529b\u56fe\u7ea0\u6b63\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f2f\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u7231\u56fd\u6350\u732e\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4f2f\u514b\u6781\u5ea6\u6392\u65a5\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u201c\u6709\u5bb3\u800c\u65e0\u6548\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u534e\u5c14\u987f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u53f7\u53ec\u65f6\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6295\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u5f00\u5177\u4f53\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u6ca1\u6709\u7834\u89e3\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5c40\u5c31\u5426\u5b9a\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\u56db\u4f0f\u7684\u6050\u614c\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7231\u56fd\u5949\u732e\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u6050\u6016\u4e86\u3002[18]\u9ea6\u514b\u83f2\u548c\u8fc8\u7279\u00b7\u54c8\u5fb7\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u7f57\u4f2f\u65af\u5e87\u5c14\u548c\u70ed\u6708\u515a\u4eba\u5854\u91cc\u5b89\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u540e\u4eba\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bef\u89e3\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u613f\u671b\u7684\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u83f2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u65af\u5e87\u5c14\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6307\u8ba4\u5929\u6027\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8840\u8165\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u80cc\u4e0a\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5176\u9769\u547d\u7ecf\u5386\u30021789\u5e74\u65f6\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a24\u5c81\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u800c\u6fc0\u52a8\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u76ee\u7779\u5c60\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u60c5\u52bf\u7684\u6025\u8f6c\u76f4\u4e0b\u548c\u5bf9\u5171\u548c\u7406\u5ff5\u6e05\u6559\u5f0f\u7684\u575a\u6301\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u4ed6\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u4f50\u8bc1\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bf9\u6740\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002[19]\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5854\u91cc\u5b89\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5927\u9769\u547d\u95f4\u7075\u6d3b\u6e38\u8d70\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u53f2\u5bb6\u8bbd\u523a\u4ed6\u662f\u6295\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u738b\u515a\u4e0e\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5468\u65cb\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8c03\u7528\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u8109\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f53\u673a\u7acb\u65ad\u5212\u6e05\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u81ea\u4fdd\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u80cc\u8d1f\u4e86\u4f2a\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u58f0\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5fb7\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u82db\u8d23\uff0c\u5854\u91cc\u5b89\u4e0e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u6c34\u706b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\u5e76\u975e\u7ec8\u8eab\u594b\u6597\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7ade\u9010\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002[20]\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u82db\u8d23\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u52bf\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861547873wpKG4M.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A52%3A29Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F1963bccffc1f24db80b9d2becfdcba7c841958e260f5cf3e4baf215890a007bd\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Maximilien Fran\u00e7ois Marie Isidore de Robespierre<\/p>\n<p>\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8d39\u5c14\u6cd5\u514b\u65af-\u4e54\u59c6\u5229\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u65f6\u671f\u5370\u5237\u6587\u672c\uff08\u5982\u8fa9\u62a4\u8bcd\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u6297\u8861\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u8109\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u8fa9\u62a4\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5411\u4f53\u5236\u7533\u8bc9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u538b\u5236\u529b\u7684\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5f02\u89c1\u4e0e\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e5f\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u529b\u3002[21]\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5219\u9488\u5bf9\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8282\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u83ab\u5a1c\u00b7\u5965\u7956\u592b\u548c\u4f0f\u7ef4\u5c14\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8282\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u540e\u8005\u5c06\u751f\u9020\u7684\u7406\u6027\u795e\u7947\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8282\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\u5916\u7701\u4e0e\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u60c5\u51b5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5207\u8eab\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u4f17\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u5df4\u9ece\u5bc4\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5199\u4f5c\u6b4c\u9882\u8282\u65e5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u6c11\u4f17\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8282\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u786e\u4f7f\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u548c\u9769\u547d\u5c06\u6b62\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002[22]\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6797\u987f\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u624b\u7684\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u6781\u5ea6\u7126\u8651\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6697\u6740\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u65af\u5e87\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6570\u6b21\u6697\u6740\u3002\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7126\u8651\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6050\u60e7\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7406\u5e94\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u732e\u8eab\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65f6\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8eab\u4f53\u63cf\u5199\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5c0f\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u96be\u63a9\u7684\u7126\u8651\u611f\u3002\u5bf9\u6697\u6740\u7684\u6050\u614c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u6697\u6740\u662f\u4fdd\u738b\u515a\u4eba\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u6001\u53c8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6076\u5316\u3002[23]\u300a\u4f53\u9a8c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5ba1\u89c6\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63ed\u793a\u4eba\u6240\u8eab\u5904\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u7ea0\u6b63\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5c06\u9769\u547d\u4ece\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u6f29\u6da1\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba3\u8a93\u4eea\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5b97\u6559\u4f53\u9a8c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002[24]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u521b\u4f24\uff1a\u91cd\u6784\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u89c6\u89d2\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u611f\u53f2\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u67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regime\uff09[25]\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u3002[26]18\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u5236\u7531\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6cd5\u5219\u53ca\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u652f\u6491\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u60c5\u611f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u60c5\u7eea\u65bd\u52a0\u63a7\u5236\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u96c6\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002[27]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6c99\u9f99\u3001\u5171\u6d4e\u4f1a\u548c\u201c\u6587\u4eba\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u201d\u7b49\u793e\u4ea4\u673a\u5236\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u907f\u96be\u6240\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u6240\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7ebe\u89e3\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u80a1\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d[28]\uff08sentimentalism\uff09\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u9010\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\u3002\u5362\u68ad\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u8981\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u9762\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6700\u771f\u631a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5c31\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u793c\u4eea\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u538b\u5236\u53ea\u4f1a\u62db\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8150\u5316\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9690\u85cf\u4e14\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u884c\u4e8b\u3002[29]\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u771f\u631a\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5e76\u8868\u8fbe\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u201c\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u201c8\u67084\u65e5\u4e4b\u591c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u6177\u6168\u4e4b\u60c5\u7684\u611f\u53ec\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5c01\u5efa\u7279\u6743\u3002\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u653e\u88ab\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u538b\u6291\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u65e7\u5236\u5ea6\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u53c8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5185\u5728\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6177\u6168\u3001\u7231\u3001\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u4e49\u6124\u3001\u6cb8\u817e\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u7b49\uff0c\u5185\u5316\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u548c\u4e0d\u575a\u5b9a\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u7ef4\u6301\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u62b5\u6297\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u548c\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8d28\u7591\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7ef4\u6301\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u631a\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e00\u7ecf\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5176\u672c\u6765\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u9769\u547d\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u5411\u975e\u5584\u5373\u6076\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u611f\u60c5\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u540e\u9769\u547d\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6839\u672c\u56f0\u5883\u3002[30]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861585091pRIhJH.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A53%3A06Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F6df4bb093744016e832a651c1e363ae38db737c606df5d274f00ee172f9436e9\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Jean-Jacques Rousseau<\/p>\n<p>\u5854\u514b\u7279\u5219\u53e6\u8f9f\u8e4a\u5f84\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u6050\u6016\u7684\u964d\u4e34\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u201c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u56de\u5e94\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u4e0e\u4fee\u6b63\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e89\uff1a\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u56f0\u4e4b\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u7406\u7531\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5f00\u8131\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u5212\u59a5\u5f53\u3002\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e14\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u56e0\u3002[31]\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a76\u7adf\u7531\u4ec0\u4e48\u9a71\u52a8\uff1f\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4eba\u66fe\u771f\u5207\u5730\u5904\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e0e\u6050\u614c\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u60c5\u7eea\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u56e0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u8d77\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf1\u4f7f\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u5854\u514b\u7279\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u662f\u8c23\u8a00\u548c\u9634\u8c0b\u7656\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u6000\u7591\u3001\u6d3e\u7cfb\u6597\u4e89\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8bfd\u8c24\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u5c60\u6740\u4e09\u7ec4\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u74e6\u4f26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u738b\u6743\u4fe1\u8a89\u5168\u5931\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u6c11\u6000\u7591\u56fd\u738b\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u9634\u8c0b\u52fe\u7ed3\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u519b\u4e8b\u51c6\u5907\u56e0\u6b64\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u904d\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u91cd\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u6050\u614c\u3002\u6cd5\u519b\u6bcf\u906d\u5931\u5229\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u8d28\u7591\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5931\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6000\u7591\u53db\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6050\u614c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u53db\u56fd\u8005\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u5230\u5409\u4f26\u7279\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5012\u53f0\u5374\u5747\u672a\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5854\u514b\u7279\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5171\u60c5\u7684\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7406\u6027\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u5165\u60c5\u611f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\uff1a\u201c\u9769\u547d\u5e74\u4ee3\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u540c\u5f80\u5e38\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d[32]\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u611f\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861654312F2YJDg.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A54%3A15Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F7892bc7003567f27add2978a7ea7064e0ba1f3032b6b4fbaa56f8e409ea4cffa\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution<\/p>\n<p>Timothy Tackett<\/p>\n<p>Belknap Press,2015<\/p>\n<p>\u96f7\u8fea\u548c\u5854\u514b\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u60c5\u611f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6ce2\u4e3d\u5a1c\u00b7\u74e6\u62c9\u5fb7\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u60c5\u611f\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u30021790\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u529b\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5e86\u5178\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u4eea\u5f0f\u5236\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u501f\u60c5\u611f\u65e2\u8868\u8fbe\u4eba\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u521b\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u751a\u81f3\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4eba\u82e5\u4e0d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u8868\u8fbe\u6b22\u4e50\u60c5\u611f\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e00\u76f4\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u6000\u7591\u3001\u7126\u8651\u4e0e\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u5e86\u5178\u7684\u76db\u51b5\u662f\u5426\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u771f\u5207\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u611f\u3002\u74e6\u4f26\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u96c6\u4f53\u6b22\u6109\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e00\u5ea6\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u5374\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u3002[33]\u8868\u8fbe\u5feb\u4e50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u652f\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u7684\u591a\u5143\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u6050\u6016\u7684\u964d\u4e34\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u6297\u8861\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775861946509zY0RFV.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T22%3A59%3A08Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F4ea84c87007d6d740eefd4aa76b2c6d824b14a93ec1065161a6da64f761174a9\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Lucien Febvre<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5173\u6ce8\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5982\u5415\u897f\u5b89\u00b7\u8d39\u5f17\u5c14\u4e3b\u5f20\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u6068\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u6b8b\u5fcd\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u5411\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u8840\u8165\u7684\u7231\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u201d[34]\u3002\u5728\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u52d2\u8d39\u5f17\u5c14\u7684\u300a1789\u5e74\u5927\u6050\u614c\u300b\u5219\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5e2d\u5377\u6574\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u6050\u614c\u3002\u662f\u5e74\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u5728\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u6212\u5907\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e94\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u83ab\u540d\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u52d2\u8d39\u5f17\u5c14\u5c06\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u672c\u6307\u51fa\u6050\u614c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8bf1\u56e0\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002[35]\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u65b0\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u82cf\u83f2\u00b7\u74e6\u5c3c\u4ec0\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f6e\u6d41\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u8bba\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5e03\u5c40\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e5f\u662f\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u611f\u53f2\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u3002\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u70b9\u4e0e\u82f1\u7f8e\u540c\u884c\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u6709\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff1a\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e76\u4e0d\u7531\u201c\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u201d\uff08\u00e9conomie narrative\uff09\uff08\u5373\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u795e\u5723\u6027\u548c\u590d\u4ec7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u673a\u5236\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u201c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u201d\uff08\u00e9conomie \u00e9motive\uff09\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u3002[36]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ee51793\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u9a6c\u62c9\u4e4b\u6b7b\u5f00\u7bc7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7f\u5df4\u9ece\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff08effroi\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u5bf9\u9a6c\u62c9\u7b49\u9769\u547d\u8005\u9057\u4f53\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u60b2\u4f24\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u53d1\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u5e76\u6fc0\u8d77\u62ef\u6551\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8d4b\u4e88\u62ef\u6551\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ee5\u795e\u5723\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u727a\u7272\u3002\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u4e3a\u62ef\u6551\u9769\u547d\u8ba1\u5212\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5904\u6b7b\u90a3\u4e9b\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u795e\u5723\u6027\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u201c\u590d\u4ec7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u60e9\u7f5a\u201d\u7684\u7531\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u74e6\u5c3c\u4ec0\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u601d\u8003\u9769\u547d\u795e\u5723\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u590d\u4ec7\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u610f\u5728\u9020\u6210\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7b49\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/9d67dfeea09a39f2\" \/><\/p>\n<p>La Grande Peur de 1789<\/p>\n<p>Georges Lefebvre<\/p>\n<p>Armand Colin, 1932<\/p>\n<p>\u9769\u547d\u8005\u663e\u7136\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u4f17\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4eba\u6c11\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5177\u5907\u7834\u574f\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7231\u56fd\u7684\u70ed\u5ff1\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8868\u8fbe\u5e76\u89c4\u8bad\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u529b\u91cf\u6b63\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6ca1\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u201c\u4e5d\u6708\u5c60\u6740\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u74e6\u5c3c\u4ec0\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u4e8e\u8bae\u4f1a\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u56de\u5e94\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u611f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u5e03\u5c40\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u5907\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u884c\u4f38\u5f20\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u201c\u4e5d\u6708\u5c60\u6740\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u4f8b\u5916\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c60\u6740\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4f53\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u601c\u60af\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u6216\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002[37]\u9769\u547d\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u590d\u4ec7\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u548c\u3001\u8c03\u505c\u4e0e\u629a\u6170\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9769\u547d\u503e\u8986\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5931\u6548\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u4eba\u6c11\u60c5\u611f\u53d8\u5f97\u8150\u5316\u800c\u55dc\u8840\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u590d\u4ec7\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u4f9d\u74e6\u5c3c\u4ec0\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\uff0c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u8eab\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u540e\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5e03\u5c40\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u7075\u9b42\u5168\u9762\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u53d8\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u618e\u6076\u201d[38]\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6240\u8c13\u795e\u5723\u6027\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2012\u5e74\u74e6\u5c3c\u4ec0\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u6bcb\u5b81\u6b7b\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u6b64\u4e66\u63a2\u8ba8\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6050\u6016\u201d\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u82e5\u9690\u82e5\u73b0\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u52bf\u529b\u4ee5\u6c42\u81ea\u6551\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u62b5\u6297\u9769\u547d\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u6d88\u901d\u3002\u6050\u614c\u3001\u538c\u6076\u4e0e\u70ed\u60c5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u6050\u6016\u7684\u540e\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e94\u7531\u96c6\u4f53\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[39]\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5747\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5728\u9769\u547d\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775862062048L3W0ws.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T23%3A01%3A03Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F164e528637773459b3b99a05e398d58444cfe7ad0e06e40005cca8bd8cac5e27\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In Defence of the Terror: Liberty or Death in the French Revolution<\/p>\n<p>Sophie Wahnich<\/p>\n<p>Verso Books,2012<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u521b\u4f24\u4e0e\u9769\u547d<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9769\u547d\u521b\u4f24\u7814\u7a76\u501f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\u201d\uff08PTSD\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5de5\u5177\u4ecb\u5165\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8d77\u843d\u3001\u8840\u8165\u5c60\u6740\u4ee5\u53ca\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7406\u5e94\u5e26\u6765\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u521b\u4f24\uff08trauma\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5e15\u7279\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u8fd0\u7528\u521b\u4f24\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u91ca\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u548c\u6b64\u524d\u5404\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9f83\u9f89\uff0c\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u9752\u5e74\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0e\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u76ee\u7684\u5206\u522b\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6574\u9f50\u5212\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u5178\u8303\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ea\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u773c\u4e2d\u901a\u5411\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f15\u5165\u521b\u4f24\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5584\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u96c5\u5404\u5bbe\u6d3e\u5f62\u5851\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u6cd5\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201c\u91cd\u5851\u6cd5\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e0e\u6fc0\u60c5\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u8840\u8165\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\u53d7\u632b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u521b\u4f24\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u4f0a\u683c\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u601d\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u5728\u8c03\u548c\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u65a5\u4ee5\u5f80\u5404\u7c7b\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002[40]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775862093883lcwG_b.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T23%3A01%3A35Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fa6ec068d7b279cf8710736881d72f139a65917debd1032f342b9c6988756be23\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Patrice Higonnet<\/p>\n<p>2009\u5e74\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u7684\u300a\u521b\u4f24\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5229\u7528\u521b\u4f24\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0e\u738b\u6743\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u3002\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u9488\u5bf9\u5b5a\u96f7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u5230\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u518d\u5230\u5236\u5baa\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u6e29\u548c\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u738b\u5ba4\u5408\u4f5c\u8d70\u5411\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff1b\u5728\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c\u7acb\u5baa\u541b\u4e3b\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6587\u7ae0\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u5df2\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u662f\u6b64\u540e\u51e0\u573a\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u53cd\u5e94\u5bfc\u81f4\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u501f\u7528\u4ea8\u7279\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u541b\u4e3b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u201c\u597d\u5b50\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60f3\u8c61\u56fd\u738b\u540c\u6837\u8ba4\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u5144\u957f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u597d\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u62b1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff1a\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b50\u6c11\u7684\u70ed\u7231\uff0c\u541b\u4e3b\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f6e\u4e8e\u9669\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u91c7\u53d6\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u6bb5\u5e72\u9884\u8bae\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u4f24\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c31\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u4ece\u5c01\u9501\u4e09\u7ea7\u4f1a\u8bae\u5927\u5385\uff0c\u5230\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u961f\u7ef4\u6301\u9996\u90fd\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e0b\u4ee4\u519b\u961f\u5305\u56f4\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7f\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u8499\u4e0a\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u548c\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u201c\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6124\u6012\u4e0e\u70ed\u7231\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u4e0e\u5fe0\u8bda\u3001\u6000\u7591\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u613f\u671b\u4e4b\u95f4\u9971\u53d7\u5206\u88c2\u4e4b\u82e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fd\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u66a7\u6627\u96be\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u539f\u5219\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u8005\u9002\u5e94\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d[41]\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u667a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u521b\u4f24\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ba1\u614e\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u667a\u6167\u4f5c\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6447\u6446\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u6076\u5316\u4e43\u81f3\u8def\u6613\u5341\u516d\u4e4b\u6b7b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u521b\u4f24\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7ecf\u5386\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17758621358884Zzxev.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T23%3A02%3A17Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fe7036f4858eb1603c7e0bc5fa037cc5fa727af25265db434437a77c8841722be\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Traumatic Politics: The Deputies and the King in the Early French Revolution<\/p>\n<p>Barry M. Shapiro<\/p>\n<p>The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009<\/p>\n<p>\u63a2\u8ba8\u521b\u4f24\u53cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u9020\u6210\u4f55\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u51e0\u5206\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bef\u690d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u65af\u5766\u4f2f\u683c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u521b\u4f24\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u53cd\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5177\u6709\u7597\u6108\u8eab\u5fc3\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[42]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5fae\u5999\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u65e9\u57281819\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cd5\u56fd\u75af\u766b\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u51b5\u3002[43]\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5c06\u521b\u4f24\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u8bf4\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7b49\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u5883\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u521b\u4f24\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002[44]<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u540e\u521b\u4f24\u611f\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u7eed\uff1a\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u7267\u6b4c\uff08pastoral\uff09\u9898\u6750\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u6e17\u900f\u53e4\u5178\u7f8e\u5b66\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6559\u5316\u6c11\u4f17\u3001\u518d\u9020\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u521d\u671f\u518d\u9020\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e4b\u6b7b\u548c\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u7b49\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u8427\u6761\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u7ed9\u70ed\u6708\u540e\u590d\u5174\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u6253\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u70d9\u5370\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7070\u6697\u4f4e\u6c89\u7684\u7b14\u8c03\u3001\u65e0\u52a9\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u53cd\u5e38\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u98a0\u8986\u7684\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6050\u6016\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9003\u907f\u3002\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u8feb\u5bb3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d41\u4ea1\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08\u00c9migr\u00e9 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b7\u65e2\u662f\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7acb\u8eab\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e92\u76f8\u62b9\u9ed1\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1775862169719FL0eHx.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-04-10T23%3A02%3A51Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F93f597243d6fd0d953e3166468118dc00984c9112a452e5de90fb369b3f4e5ce\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Choosing Terror: Virtue, Friendship, and Authenticity in the French Revolution<\/p>\n<p>Marisa Linton<\/p>\n<p>Oxford University Press, 2013<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6797\u987f\u7b14\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u59cb\u7ec8\u5de6\u53f3\u7740\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u5316\u3002\u6590\u626c\u6d3e\u3001\u5409\u4f26\u7279\u6d3e\u548c\u5c71\u5cb3\u6d3e\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u51dd\u805a\u4e8e\u4eba\u8109\u800c\u975e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6614\u65e5\u631a\u53cb\u53cd\u76ee\u6210\u4ec7\u7684\u620f\u7801\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u6f14\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u6682\u65f6\u8425\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u5fe0\u4e8e\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u4f7f\u653f\u575b\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u53d8\u5f97\u7591\u60d1\u3001\u7126\u8651\u548c\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7231\u56fd\u70ed\u5ff1\u548c\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u5c3d\u7ba1\u770b\u4f3c\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u5f80\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u5404\u79cd\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e14\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u4ece\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u770b\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u8fa8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u4e66\u5199\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5929\u751f\u7684\u5584\u6076\u503e\u5411\uff08\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8005\u8d77\u521d\u4e5f\u662f\u6000\u7740\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u613f\u666f\u5c55\u5f00\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u662f\u597d\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6076\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7531\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u9769\u547d\u4f0a\u59cb\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u6000\u7740\u4e50\u89c2\u4e0e\u6fc0\u60c5\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6539\u9020\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u8272\u5f69\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u57df\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5408\u529b\u4f7f\u9769\u547d\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u906d\u9047\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e26\u6765\u666e\u904d\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u611f\u4e0e\u7126\u8651\u3002\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u3001\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u6050\u6016\u7edf\u6cbb\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u5b66\u6df1\u523b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u66f4\u8fed\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4ece\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e66\u5199\u9769\u547d\u53f2\uff0c\u547c\u5e94\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u65b9\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u53f2\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5e74\u9274\u5b66\u6d3e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ece\u5916\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u51fa\u53d1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u800c\u8a00\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u63a8\u52a8\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u504f\u597d\u96c6\u4f53\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5927\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u6b63\u7edf\u6d3e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u53d9\u4e8b\u6b63\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u5c55\u73b0\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u6b63\u662f\u8981\u51b2\u7834\u7ecf\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u7684\u684e\u688f\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u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