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<\/p>\n
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12\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e86\u5728\u9655\u897f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e0b\u53485\u65f6\u8d76\u56de\u91cd\u5e86\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u7ea6\u96c6\u515a\u653f\u9996\u9886\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u5546\u8ba8\u5bf9\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[7]\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u53c8\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c:<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
31\u65e5\uff0c\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u629b\u51fa\u300a\u8273\u7535\u300b\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u5356\u56fd\u6295\u654c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u53db\u56fd\u6295\u65e5\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5341\u5206\u6124\u6012\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u672c\u65e5\u89c1\u6c6a\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd1\u536b\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e4b\u660e\u7535\uff0c\u5176\u901a\u654c\u5356\u56fd\u4e4b\u7f6a\u5df2\u66b4\u9732\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u6b64\u8bda\u4e0d\u53ef\u6551\u836f\u77e3\u3002\u591a\u884c\u4e0d\u4e49\u5fc5\u81ea\u6bd9\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[14]\u6b21\u65e5\u662f\u65b0\u5e74\u5143\u65e6\uff0c\u848b\u56e0\u6c6a\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u8273\u7535\u300b\u800c\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u4e8b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f8d\u4ece\u5ba4\u4e8c\u5904\u7b2c\u516d\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\u5510\u7eb5\u8bb0\u8f7d:\u201c\u4f8d\u4ece\u4eba\u5458\u540c\u8d74\u59d4\u5ea7\u516c\u9986\u5411\u59d4\u5ea7\u592b\u5987\u62dc\u5e74\u2026\u2026\u59d4\u5ea7\u4ece\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u56de\u6765\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c6a\u53d1\u8868\u81f4\u4e2d\u592e\u515a\u90e8\u548c\u5e73\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u6c14\u6124\uff0c\u56e2\u62dc\u4e5f\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u201d[15]<\/p>\n
1939\u5e74\u5143\u65e6\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u5904\u7f6e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e3b\u6301\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7ecf\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f00\u9664\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u515a\u7c4d\u3001\u64a4\u9664\u5176\u4e00\u5207\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u848b\u201c\u529b\u52a0\u963b\u6b62\u201d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u5e03\u901a\u7f09\u4ee4\u3002[16]\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u52a8\u5458\u5168\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u8ba8\u4f10\u6c6a\u9006\u3002[17]\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u83b7\u77e5\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u6709\u5f80\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e43\u5631\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5373\u53d1\u62a4\u7167[18]\uff0c\u5e76\u79d8\u5bc6\u6d3e\u9063\u548c\u6c6a\u6709\u6e0a\u6e90\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u8c37\u6b63\u9f0e\u643a\u62a4\u7167\u8d74\u6cb3\u5185\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u6c6a\u7684\u62d2\u7edd[19]\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u848b\u77e5\u9053\u6c6a\u53db\u56fd\u6295\u654c\u5df2\u65e0\u53ef\u633d\u56de\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\uff0c\u5176\u7f6a\u6076\u8f83\u4e4b\u6c11\u56fd\u4e09\u5e74\u738b\u91d1\u53d1\u964d\u8881\u5356\u53cb\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u738b\u5219\u5356\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u6c6a\u5219\u5356\u56fd\u201d[20]\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a8\u7528\u519b\u7edf\u7279\u52a1\u5230\u6cb3\u5185\u523a\u6740\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u8bef\u6740\u4e86\u66fe\u4ef2\u9e23\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u8273\u7535\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u524d\uff0c\u848b\u5bf9\u6c6a\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u79cd\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4e0e\u65e5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52fe\u7ed3;\u5728\u300a\u8273\u7535\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u5bf9\u6c6a\u201c\u4ecd\u7559\u8f6c\u56de\u4f59\u5730\u201d\u800c\u65e0\u6548\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6697\u6740\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u848b\u5bf9\u6c6a\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9648\u5e03\u96f7\u548c\u5510\u7eb5\u6240\u8bf4:\u201c\u6c6a\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8206\u8bba\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u67a2\u5904\u7406\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u751a\u8d39\u82e6\u5fc3\u3002\u201d[21]\u201c\u59d4\u5ea7\u53c8\u5728\u52b3\u5fc3\u7126\u601d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u201d[22]\u4e2d\u5171\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u848b\u5728\u53cd\u6c6a\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u3002[23]<\/p>\n
(\u4e8c)\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u662f\u5bf9\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u8131\u9003\u81f3\u4e91\u5357\u8fd8\u662f\u6cb3\u5185\u201c\u6b8a\u6240\u4e0d\u6599\u201d?<\/p>\n
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(\u4e09)\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u83b7\u77e5\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u8131\u9003\u81f3\u6606\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
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(\u56db)1939\u5e74\u5143\u65e6\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f00\u9664\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u515a\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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1940\u5e741\u6708\u521d[49]\uff0c\u5728\u675c\u6708\u7b19\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ee3\u8868\u5f90\u91c7\u4e1e\u3001\u4e07\u58a8\u6797\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u3001\u9676\u79d8\u5bc6\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u6d77\u524d\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u9ad8\u5b97\u6b66\u540e\u6765\u66fe\u8bf4:\u201c\u5f53\u5e74\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u8868\u5356\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u6c6a\u65e5\u5bc6\u7ea6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u675c\u6708\u7b19\u5148\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u52a9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u4e8b\u60c5\u529e\u4e0d\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u201d[50]<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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29\u65e5\uff0c\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u804c\u4f2a\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u300230\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u4e0e\u65e5\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u4e2d\u65e5\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u6309\u6b64\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u6ca6\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730;\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u6c6a\u53c8\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u6ee1\u5171\u540c\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u6c6a\u7cbe\u536b\u627f\u8ba4\u4f2a\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u627f\u8ba4\u6c6a\u4f2a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
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