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\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7259\u9f7f<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u7684\u80a4\u8272\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9ed1\uff0c\u662f\u767d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9ec4\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u662f\u5377\u66f2\u8fd8\u662f\u5e73\u76f4\u7684\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4bDNA\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5bb6\u8c31\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u6811\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5c31\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f20\u523030\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Wang Chuanchao\uff5cLi Hui (2013) Investigative Genetics, 4:11.<\/p>\n

\u53e4DNA\u68c0\u6d4b\uff1a<\/strong>\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u683c\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b66\u8bf4\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u60f3\uff1a\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u65b0\u7684\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u53bb\u8003\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9aa8\u5934\u91cc\u63d0\u53d6DNA\uff0c\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u8ff9\u548c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u6807\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53bb\u83b7\u5f97\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fDNA\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8981\u514b\u670d\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u53bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u57cb\u846c\u5728\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u964d\u89e3\u6389\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7247\u6bb5\u5316\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u57cb\u846c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u3001\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9178\u78b1\u6765\u8150\u8680\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u5806\u5df2\u7ecf\u964d\u89e3\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u91cc\u53bb\u8fd8\u539f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u53bb\u8fd8\u539f\u4ed6\u7684DNA\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u8d85\u51c0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u5b83\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7ec6\u80de\u57f9\u517b\u95f4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fd8\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u8d85\u51c0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5168\u526f\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u7a7f\u4e0a\u9632\u62a4\u670d\uff0c\u6234\u4e0a\u62a4\u76ee\u955c\u3001\u53e3\u7f69\u3001\u624b\u5957\u3001\u5934\u5957\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u6dcb\u5ba4\u3002\u98ce\u6dcb\u5ba4\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u8fb9\u4f1a\u5439\u98ce\uff0c\u628a\u4f60\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5934\u5c51\u3001\u76ae\u5c51\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ece\u5916\u9762\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5439\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9762\u8fd8\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u7d2b\u5916\u706f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5ba4\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u706f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6d88\u6bd2\u706d\u83cc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5916\u754c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6392\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u90fd\u662f\u5355\u5411\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6392\u5230\u5916\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9762\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8003\u53e4\u9057\u5740\u91cc\u9762\u628a\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9aa8\u5934\u6316\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u94bb\u53d6\u7c89\u672b\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u63d0\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4ee3\u6837\u672c\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c08\u5230\u53e4DNA\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u53e4DNA\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u201c\u9547\u9986\u4e4b\u5b9d\u201d\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u738b\u5806\u4e00\u53f7\u6c49\u5893\u7684\u8fd9\u5177\u5973\u5c38\uff0c\u5979\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c38\u4f53\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

70\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b9e\u9a8c\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u4ece\u9a6c\u738b\u5806\u6c49\u5893\u7684\u5973\u5c38\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e86DNA\u548cRNA<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b9e\u9a8c\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8fd8\u6709\u6e56\u5357\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8001\u592a\u592a\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e86DNA\u548cRNA\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u53e4DNA\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u7684DNA\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709DNA\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNA\u662f\u753130\u4ebf\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fATGC\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002DNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u628aDNA\u50cf\u7f16\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684DNA\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u5c06\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u53e4DNA\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6478\u7d22\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u6211\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u9aa8\u5934\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b83\u5439\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9aa8\u5934\u4e0a\u5c31\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNA\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9aa8\u5934\u672c\u8eab\u7684DNA\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e4DNA\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc730\u5e74\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6392\u9664\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u63a7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u53e4DNA\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9769\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u57282000\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u53bb\u6d4b\u5e8f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u82b1\u4e8630\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u8bb2\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684DNA\u5927\u7ea6\u670930\u4ebf\u4e2a\u78b1\u57fa\u4f4d\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e1\u7f8e\u5143\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u82b13000\u5757\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u51fa\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef7\u94b1\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u94b1\u53bb\u6d4b\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5c31\u63ed\u5f00\u4e86\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53e4DNA\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u7834\u662f\u57282010\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a6c\u666e\u6240 \uff08\u9a6c\u514b\u65af-\u666e\u6717\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09 \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e86\u521a\u521a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u662f1856\u5e74\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u5c71\u8c37\u91cc\u9762\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u77ee\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u9aa8\u9abc\u90fd\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u7c97\u58ee\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u5f20\u5934\u9aa8\u7684\u56fe\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u662f\u5f88\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u7709\u9aa8\u5f88\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0b\u988c\u4e5f\u662f\u524d\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u8111\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u4e07\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25b2 \u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u590d\u539f\u53ca\u5176\u5934\u9aa8<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d63\u4e078\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u534a\u5316\u77f3\u9aa8\u5934\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u78e8\u6210\u7c89\u672b\u63d0\u53d6DNA\uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6d4b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6d4b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8d28\u63a7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7684DNA\u91cc\u9762\u670990%\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u660eDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f\u83cc\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u4ec5\u67096%\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6bd4\u8f83\u543b\u5408\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fd96%\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u590d\u539f\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u706d\u7edd\u4e86\u7684\u201c\u4eb2\u621a\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u53bb\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec95%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684DNA\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u975e\u6d32<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5e26\u67092%\u52303%\u7684\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u6df7\u8840\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\uff08\u53f3\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7fa4\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u50cf\u5728\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u4eba\u3001\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u5e26\u67095%\u52306%\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u7684DNA\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u662f20\u523030\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57285\u4e07\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u901a\u5a5a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u62a2\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5f53\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u62a2\u4e86\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u5f53\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u91cc\u9762\u5e26\u6709\u4e86\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u8d77\u6e90 \u9644\u5e26\u6742\u4ea4\uff5cMichael F. Hammer. May 2013, Scientific American.<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002\u4e00\u6ce2\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u6ce2\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u5230\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u5357\u8d70\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u5c31\u78b0\u5230\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6df7\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u5e26\u6709\u4e865%\u52306%\u7684\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684DNA\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u8c8c\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9bDNA\u7247\u6bb5\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u592a\u53e4\u8001\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ea\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523020\u523030\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u975e\u6d32<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNA\u670995%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u7684\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u975e\u5e38\u665a\u8fd1\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u540e\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u662f\u798f\u662f\u7978\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8fdc\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ddd\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u8fdc\u7684\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6742\u4ea4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u9a6c\u548c\u9a74\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6742\u4ea4\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u53eb\u9aa1\u5b50\uff0c\u9aa1\u5b50\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5417\uff1f\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8ddf\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\uff1f\u663e\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u662f\u798f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7978\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u798f\uff1a<\/strong>EPAS1\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u9002\u5e94\u9ad8\u539f\u7f3a\u6c27<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u8981\u53bb\u897f\u85cf\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5750\u98de\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u62c9\u8428\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u98de\u673a\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u6076\u5fc3\u5455\u5410\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8111\u6c34\u80bf\u3001\u80ba\u6c34\u80bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u9762\u7f3a\u6c27\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u9ad8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5f00\u5fc3\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u975e\u5e38\u987a\u5229\u5730\u751f\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u9006\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6c27\u6c14\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u8584\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u60f3\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\uff0c\u8ddf\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u5728\u6d77\u62d440\u7c73\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u733f\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\u62ff\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8ddf\u5728\u6d77\u62d44000\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Yi et al. Science. 2010 July 2; 329(5987): 75\u201378.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e0a\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u70b9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u53bb\u770b\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u548c\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53eb\u505aEPAS1<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u5b83\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u8110\u5e26\u7684\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u5bfc\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5927\u5bb6\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u51e0\u5929\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6765\u643a\u5e26\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c27\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u8f7d\u6c27\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd0\u8f7d\u6c27\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u643a\u5e26\u6c27\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f3a\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5fc3\u810f\u8870\u7aed\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u6000\u5b55\u3001\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u8ddf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u7ed9\u5230\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u597d\u50cf\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8981\u6309\u7167\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u7269\u7ade\u5929\u62e9\u3001\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u3001\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u5417\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e26\u6709\u4e86\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u9762\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7bDNA\u7247\u6bb5\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7978\uff1a<\/strong>\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3001\u70df\u763e\u3001\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u3001\u8840\u6813\u2026\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u8fd8\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u5e38\u8c08\u5230\u4eba\u4f1a\u6709\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u4f1a\u70df\u9152\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u8840\u6813\u3001\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6ccc\u5c3f\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7d0a\u4e71\u3001\u5149\u5316\u6027\u89d2\u5316\u75c5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u5c3c\u5b89\u5fb7\u7279\u4eba\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u574f\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u7ad9\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8840\u6813\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8111\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8981\u547d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u6253\u730e\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u4f24\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u51dd\u8840\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u80a4\u8272\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u662f\u767d\u80a4\u8272\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u6b27\u6d32\u9ad8\u7eac\u5ea6\u3001\u4f4e\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u5904\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5f0a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u57285\u4e07\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u662f\u7531\u975e\u6d32\u8d70\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u5206\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e09\u652f\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u652f\u5411\u897f\uff1a<\/strong>\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u521d\u7684\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

David Reich. Ancient DNA and Human Past: Who We Are and How We Got Here. 2018<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u897f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6b27\u6d323\u4e07\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u91d1\u53d1\u78a7\u773c\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u91d1\u53d1\u78a7\u773c\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u81a8\u80c0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u8981\u8fc1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u53bb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9886\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u8fd1\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u897f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u91c7\u96c6\u6253\u730e\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b27\u6d32\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u770b\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u7c7b\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6362\u6389\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u4e5d\u5341\u7684\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7ed9\u6b27\u6d32\u5e26\u53bb\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7ed9\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u6b27\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u3002<\/p>\n

\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fd8\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u5317\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u8fd9\u5757\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u987d\u5f3a\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u62b5\u6321\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5317\u6b27\u7684\u571f\u58e4\u6bd4\u8f83\u7c98\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u4e8e\u79cd\u690d\u4e00\u4e9b\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6e14\u730e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u519c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3b\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u90e8\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u540c\u5316\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u524d\u8005\u5e26\u53bb\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8fd8\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DNA\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7fa4\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u3002\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5e73\u548c\u5730\u8c08\u604b\u7231\u3001\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8840\u8165\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u5468\u8fb9\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5de8\u77f3\u9635\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de8\u77f3\u9635\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\u5efa\u9020\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ddf\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7684\u5de8\u77f3\u9635<\/p>\n

\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u518d\u62c9\u56de\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u559d\u4e86\u725b\u5976\u4ee5\u540e\u809a\u5b50\u4f1a\u53eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u53bb\u4ee3\u8c22\u5976\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u559d\u725b\u5976\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u56de\u5230\u4e03\u516b\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u8010\u53d7\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u57287500\u5e74\u524d\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u73b0\uff1b6500\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u516b\u5343\u5e74\u3001\u4e5d\u5343\u5e74\u3001\u4e00\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8c22\u5976\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u5e26\u7ed9\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e73\u7cd6\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e73\u7cd6\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5462\uff1f\u540c\u6837\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd1\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u8ba9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8c22\u5976\u5236\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u6846\u67b6\u518d\u62c9\u8fd11000\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u52306000\u52307000\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u91cc\u6d77\u548c\u9ed1\u6d77\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u8349\u539f\u2014\u2014\u6b27\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u53c8\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u652f\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u989c\u90a3\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\u6e38\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u989c\u90a3\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fc1\u5f99\u8def\u7ebf\uff5cNarasimhan et al., Science, 06 Sep 2019; 365(6457): eaat7487.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u897f\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5f3a\u52bf\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd11\/2\u52303\/4\u7684\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u53c8\u628a\u6b27\u6d32\u51e0\u4e4e\u6362\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u8840\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u5411\u4e1c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u5c71\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u4e1c\u5357\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u5370\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u53bb\u770b\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u91cc\u8fb9\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u767d\u4eba\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u6700\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u91cc\u8fb9\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u7fa4 \uff08\u50cf\u5b89\u8fbe\u66fc\u4eba\uff09 \u7684\u8840\u7edf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u5230\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4e0a\u7684\u9694\u9602\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b27\u4e9a\u8349\u539f\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u6269\u5f20\uff1f\u53c8\u662f\u5411\u4e1c\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5411\u897f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6362\u8840\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8f6e\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u6709\u4e86\u8f6e\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8f66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fd8\u4ece\u8499\u53e4\u9ad8\u539f\u501f\u6765\u4e86\u9a6c\uff0c\u9a6c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0a\u88ab\u9a6f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u8f6e\u5b50\u548c\u8f66\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u5957\u4e0a\u9a6c\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u7206\u8868\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u897f\u6253\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u628a\u6b27\u6d32\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u6362\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8349\u539f\u4eba\u7fa4\u6a2a\u51b2\u76f4\u649e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u4e94\u4ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c40%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u706d\u7edd\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u8ddf\u8f66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8f66\u5b50\uff08wagon\uff09\u3001\u8f66\u8f74\uff08axle\uff09\u3001\u8f6d\u5177\u6746\uff08harness pole\uff09\u3001\u8f6e\u5b50\uff08wheel\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u8ddf\u8f66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6279\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e1c\u5f81\u897f\u6218\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u652f\u5411\u5317\uff1a<\/strong>\u53e4\u6b27\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u3002\u5f53\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d70\u5411\u897f\u8fb9\u53d8\u6210\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b27\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u4eba<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u5317\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u4e1c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5b64\u72ec\u5730\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u8d1d\u52a0\u5c14\u6e56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8d1d\u52a0\u5c14\u6e56\u975e\u5e38\u5b64\u5355\u5730\u5b88\u671b\u4e86\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7b49\u6765\u4e86\u8c01\u5462\uff1f\u7b49\u6765\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e07\u5e74\u7b49\u4e00\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u6279\u4eba\u7fa4\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Raghavan et al., Nature, 505: 87\u201391 (02 January 2014)<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5a36\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5f53\u8001\u5a46\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5a36\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u5f53\u8001\u5a46\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b27\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u4eba\u8d21\u732e\u4e8640%\u7684DNA\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8d21\u732e\u4e8660%\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u662f\u8c01\u5462\uff1f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u767d\u4ee4\u6d77\u5ce1\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u7f8e\u6d32\u4ee5\u540e\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6269\u6563\u5230\u4e86\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u5ea6\u5b89\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u8bb2\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u76f8\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0860%\uff09\u7684DNA\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u9f99\u5988\u5979\u662f\u91d1\u53d1\u78a7\u773c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5b89\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u96c6\u72e9\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u5934\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u652f\u5411\u4e1c\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u571f\u8457<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u73b0\u4ee3\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u91d1\u9ec4\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u91cc\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u5b88\u671b\u5728\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b27\u4e9a\u5317\u90e8\u4eba\uff0c\u7ed9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u91d1\u9ec4\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u652f\u2014\u2014\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u571f\u8457<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u51e0\u7ecf\u8f97\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fc1\u5f99\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6765\u4e86\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u91c7\u96c6\u72e9\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8ddf\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8349\u539f\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4\u53d1\u751f\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u72e9\u730e\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u90fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u8fbe\u66fc\u7fa4\u5c9b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u975e\u5e38\u77ee\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7c73\u4e94\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u989c\u8272\u662f\u9ed1\u68d5\u8272\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7956\u5148\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u5230\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8fbe\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u6df7\u8840\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e39\u5c3c\u7d22\u74e6\u4eba5%\u52306%\u7684DNA\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u5317\uff0c\u53bb\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u7ed9\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d21\u732e60%\u7684DNA\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7559\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4eba\u7fa4\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u51e0\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u516b\u4e5d\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u9a6f\u5316\u4e86\u7c9f\u9ecd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u7c73\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u9ec4\u7c73\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u519c\u4e1a\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7531\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5411\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u540e\u4f1a\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bdd\u5206\u4e24\u7aef\u3002\u5728\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u7fa4\u72ec\u7acb\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u79cd\u690d\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u7531\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u6269\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5357\u5c9b\u8bed\u7cfb\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u897f\u5357\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u58ee\u4f97\u8bed\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\uff0c\u50cf\u58ee\u65cf\u3001\u4f97\u65cf\u3001\u6c34\u65cf\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5bf9\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u8bed\u4eba\u7fa4<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c49\u65cf\u4eba\u548c\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7956\u5148\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Zhang, M. et al. Nature 569,112\u2013115 (2019)<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\u4ece\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u8fde\u6c5f\u53bf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u4eae\u5c9b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e868000\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4eae\u5c9b\u4eba\u7684\u9057\u9aa8\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

KoAM et al. Am JHum Genet. 2014, 94(3):426-36;SkoglundP et al. Nature 538, 510-3<\/p>\n

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