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\u4f5c\u8005: \u80e1\u6c81\u950c<\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981: 1961\u5e74\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\u82f1\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u82cf\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u591a\u6b21\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea4\u6362\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9010\u6b65\u8c03\u6574\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u76df\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u758f\u8fdc\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u8fd8\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n

1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u662f\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u4ea7\u751f\u6fc0\u70c8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e2d\u6d1e\u6089\u7f8e\u56fd\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u79ef\u6781\u5bfb\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u56fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u8d8b\u540c\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

2. 1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u82f1\u7f8e\u5916\u4ea4\u5386\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u6d88\u9664\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u201d [1]\u3002\u4e24\u56fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u7f8e\u5728\u6218\u540e\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u6743\uff0c\u4f4620\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5982\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5371\u673a\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7b49\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ecb\u751f\u9694\u9602\u3002\u867d\u6709\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c1961\u5e74\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u82f1\u7f8e\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u91c7\u53d6\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8f6f\u5f31\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91c7\u53d6\u52a0\u5f3a\u519b\u5907\u79ef\u6781\u5907\u6218\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

1960\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u82cf\u8054\u518d\u5411\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u96be\uff0c\u90a3\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u4f4f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u53d6\u4fdd\u5b88\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7aed\u529b\u4fdd\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u6216\u8005\u51cf\u5c11\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u6d88\u9664\u7f8e\u82f1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5206\u6b67 [2]\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5012\u4e0d\u660e\u6717\u30021961\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5c31\u804c\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u60c5\u54a8\u6587\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u672a\u5ffd\u89c6\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8ba9\u603b\u7edf\u7279\u522b\u987e\u95ee\u8fea\u5b89\u00b7\u827e\u5947\u900a\u7814\u7a76\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0e\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u76df\u56fd\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u65b0\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ca\u65f6\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\u30021961\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u81f36\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4f1a\u6664\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u663e\u9732\u3002\u827e\u5947\u900a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u505a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u519b\u4e8b\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u8fdb\u884c\u519b\u4e8b\u8bd5\u63a2\uff0c\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b [3]\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ece\u672a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8c01\u5728\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u4e0a\u76d6\u7ae0\u800c\u5f00\u6218 [4]\u3002\u4f1a\u8c08\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u970d\u59c6\u8868\u793a\u53cc\u65b9\u9700\u5c31\u8c08\u5224\u7acb\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u8ba8\uff0c\u5982\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u57ce\u5e02 [3]\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u65b9\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u6218\u7565\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u5bf9\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u7f8e\u65b9\u7531\u827e\u5947\u900a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5c1a\u672a\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u7acb\u573a\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u827e\u5947\u900a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u57284\u6708\u548c5\u6708\u5206\u522b\u548c\u897f\u5fb7\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u8c08\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u524d\u5f80\u4f26\u6566\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u7b49\u4eba\u5546\u8bae\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u897f\u65b9\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u540c\u610f\u8c08\u5224 [3]\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u544a\u77e5\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u6761\u7ea6 [3]\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u4f26\u6566\u4e4b\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u503e\u542c\u8005\uff0c\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u8868\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5374\u4e0e\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u670814\u65e5\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u970d\u59c6\u8bbf\u7f8e\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u53cc\u65b9\u518d\u6b21\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u970d\u59c6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u597d\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u827e\u5947\u900a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5a01\u6151\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u77e5\u96be\u800c\u9000\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u8fea\u5b89\u00b7\u814a\u65af\u514b\u5219\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u6307\u660e\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u534f\u52a9\u5176\u589e\u5f3a\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u970d\u59c6\u59d4\u5a49\u6307\u51fa\u5e94\u5f81\u6c42\u5317\u7ea6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u814a\u65af\u514b\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u53c2\u8003\u5317\u7ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u8c03\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u970d\u59c6\u8fd8\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u5317\u7ea6 [3]\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f88\u96be\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u6708\u81f37\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5f3a\u786c\u6d3e\u4e0e\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u5e76\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u57286\u670816\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u67cf\u6797\u5e94\u6025\u8ba1\u5212\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u827e\u5947\u900a\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u8bb9\u8bc8\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u652f\u6301 [3]\u3002\u56fd\u5185\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u827e\u5947\u900a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u8ba9\u814a\u65af\u514b\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u8c03\u6574\u30027\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u814a\u65af\u514b\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd-\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd-\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u505a\u4e86\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5229\u76ca [3]\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u76df\u56fd\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u634d\u536b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5229\u76ca [3]\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5f00\u59cb\u6ce8\u91cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4ec5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u5c42\u9762\u30027\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u5168\u56fd\u53d1\u8868\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898 [3]\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e38\u89c4\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u4e0e\u8c08\u5224\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5bfb\u6c42\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u754c\u5b9a\u5fb7\u56fd\u2013\u67cf\u6797\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u53ef\u8ba9\u6b65\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8c08\u5224\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u9760\u62e2\u800c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

8\u67084\u65e5\u81f39\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u5e26\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u524d\u5f80\u5df4\u9ece\u53c2\u52a0\u897f\u65b9\u56db\u56fd\u5916\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u547c\u5401\u5bf9\u82cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u6301\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6545\u970d\u59c6\u5bf9\u6b64\u79ef\u6781\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u814a\u65af\u514b\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u76df\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u53d6\u52a0\u5f3a\u519b\u5907\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u82cf\u8054\u4e0b\u5b9a\u51b3\u5fc3\u6765\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u613f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u505a\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u534f\u52a9\u589e\u52a0\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf [3]\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u91c7\u53d6\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

8\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u8fb9\u754c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5e26\u523a\u7684\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e1c\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u7528\u6c34\u6ce5\u5899\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\uff0c\u7b51\u8d77\u4e86\u201c\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u5229\u76ca\u505a\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u672a\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u6545\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u672a\u505a\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u57289\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u82f1\u6cd5\u7f8e\u4e09\u56fd\u5916\u957f\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e09\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u884c\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u8c08\u5224\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u652f\u6301 [3]\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8c0b\u6c42\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6027\u7684\u4f1a\u8c08\u30029\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u814a\u65af\u514b\u4e0e\u845b\u7f57\u7c73\u67ef\u5916\u957f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u7f8e\u82cf\u81ea\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u8bae\u540e\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u82f1\u7f8e\u5728\u524d\u671f\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u7684\u6301\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5bf9\u82f1\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u6838\u5a01\u6151\u201d\u5230\u5f3a\u8c03\u8c08\u5224\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201c\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u201d\u7b51\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fbf\u5728\u83b7\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u5404\u76df\u56fd\u5c55\u5f00\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u67cf\u6797\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

3. 1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/p>\n

1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5bf9\u5cd9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u82cf\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u6301\u5e73\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u90fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u6b32\u62c9\u62e2\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5e0c\u5180\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u82f1\u56fd\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u897f\u6b27\u3002<\/p>\n

3.1. \u82f1\u7f8e\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6674\u96e8\u8868\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u53d1\u96be\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u65b9\u627f\u8ba4\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4ee5\u53ca\u627f\u8ba4\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u90fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u5bf9\u82cf\u904f\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0b\u8d70\u5411\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ef4\u62a4\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u82cf\u8054\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u4ea4\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u627f\u8ba4\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd [4]\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u8f83\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u57281961\u5e742\u6708\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u8c08\u5224\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u524a\u5f31\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7ef4\u6301\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5 [5]\u3002\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5747\u52bf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u6218\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u53d6\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u65a1\u65cb\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\u4e00\u76f4\u8ffd\u6c42\u5728\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c03\u8282\u8d77\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u5927\u56fd\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u8bbf\u82cf\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6545\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7565\u663e\u7f13\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u671b\u3002\u57286\u67083\u65e5\u52304\u65e5\u4e0e\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u7684\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5c31\u591a\u6b21\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u5a01\u4e25\u626b\u5730\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u897f\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7518\u613f\u4e27\u5931\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u518d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u201d [3] \u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\u548c\u4fe1\u8a89\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f360\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653e\u5f03\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fdd\u536b\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e00\u6587\u4e0d\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u827e\u5947\u900a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u575a\u51b3\u7ef4\u62a4\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u5185\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cf\u82f1\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u201c\u6d12\u8131\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u751f\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u80cc\u4e0a\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u957f\u671f\u9020\u6210\u6b27\u6d32\u5c40\u52bf\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9a7b\u519b\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u6c89\u91cd\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u505a\u4e86\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8981\u6c42\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u540c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7f13\u548c\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u575a\u51b3\u7ef4\u62a4\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

3.2. \u897f\u65b9\u76df\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6108\u53d1\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u6446\u8131\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u8eab\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u5fb7\u91c7\u53d6\u5177\u6709\u79bb\u5fc3\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u6108\u53d1\u9700\u8981\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

1958\u5e74\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8d70\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u5904\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u4fbf\u7740\u624b\u5f00\u59cb\u8131\u79bb\u5317\u7ea6\u519b\u4e8b\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u30022\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u6d77\u519b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d7\u5317\u7ea6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\uff1b3\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u64a4\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u5317\u7ea6\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u8230\u961f\uff1b7\u6708\u53c8\u8d76\u8d70\u4e86\u9a7b\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8f70\u70b8\u673a [6]\u3002\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u4e3b\u5f20\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6838\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u4e0b\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u30021960\u5e742\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6210\u529f\u8bd5\u7206\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u8fd8\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e72\u6d89\u6b27\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u3002\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u51c6\u5907\u8ba1\u5212\u7b49\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u5374\u542b\u7cca\u5176\u8f9e [3]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u9645\u652f\u6301\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u529b\u8f83\u5f31\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u652f\u6301\u52a0\u5f3a\u519b\u4e8b\u51c6\u5907\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u987e\u8651\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d23\u4efb [3]\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u800c\u4e0d\u60dc\u5f15\u8d77\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u30021961\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u7b51\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u5fb7\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u7684\u514b\u5236\u53cd\u5e94\u5927\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u77db\u76fe\u9010\u6e10\u516c\u5f00\u5316\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u5fb7\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u519b\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u51c6\u5907\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5bf9\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u6027\u7684\u652f\u6301\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u610f\u613f\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u67cf\u6797\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5c31\u79ef\u6781\u5145\u5f53\u7f8e\u6b27\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u6865\u6881\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u548c\u4e8b\u4f6c\u201d\u30021959\u5e742\u670821\u65e5\u81f33\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u8bbf\u82cf\uff0c\u5c31\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5bfb\u6c42\u7f13\u548c\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u57283\u67089\u65e5\u300112\u65e5\u300119\u65e5\u5206\u522b\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u5fb7\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5c06\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4 [7]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u897f\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5927\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u683c\u5c40\uff1b\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u529b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5404\u4e2a\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfb\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e5f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

3.3. \u897f\u6b27\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u547c\u5401\u897f\u6b27\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u897f\u6b27\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u904f\u5236\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ece\u6218\u65f6\u8f6c\u5411\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u7164\u94a2\u8054\u8425\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u897f\u6b27\u81ea\u53d1\u8054\u5408\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u8054\u5408\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u897f\u6b27\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d70\u5411\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u524a\u5f31\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u897f\u6b27\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u5173\u7a0e\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u5171\u540c\u519c\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u8c03\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c1957\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3001\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u8377\u51706\u56fd\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u5efa\u7acb\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u5404\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u5408\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u5cd9\u5f00\u5c55\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u6218\u540e\u521d\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u572856\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9a7b\u6709\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u5efa\u7acb480\u591a\u4e2a\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u56fd\u9632\u9884\u7b97\u8d85\u8fc7800\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c50\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5728\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u9a7b\u519b\u7684\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u4ece\u6bcf\u5e746\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u6025\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u523016\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143 [8]\u30021960\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7f8e\u5143\u6301\u6709\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ec4\u91d1\u50a8\u5907\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u8d64\u5b57\u9ad8\u8fbe37\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f8e\u5143\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5de8\u989d\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u95ee\u9898 [9]\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8870\u9000\u65e2\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5931\u7075\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u897f\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u5e94\u534f\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5317\u7ea6\u7684\u9632\u52a1\u548c\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5a01\u6151\u624d\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8d1f\u62c5 [10]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8f6c\u79fb\u7f8e\u5143\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5176\u897f\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u6b27\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u5408\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u4e86\u897f\u6b27\u8054\u5408\u5916\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u6301\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u5c06\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u76df\u56fd\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5e0c\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u5171\u4f53\u4ee5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6269\u5927\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f13\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e5f\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5206\u62c5\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u2026\u2026\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u5171\u4f53\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u904f\u5236\u5171\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411 [11]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u57281961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u5bfb\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fee\u590d\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7f8e\u82f1\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u6b65\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u76df\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u529b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u6b64\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u897f\u6b27\u76df\u56fd\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

4. 1961\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u524d\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

4.1. \u82f1\u56fd\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u5171\u4f53\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u6267\u653f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u6c11\u4e3b\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u6fd2\u4e34\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u897f\u6b27\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u5fb7\u7684\u548c\u89e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8054\u5408\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u591a\u6b21\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u82cf\u4f0a\u58eb\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5371\u673a\u66f4\u662f\u7ed9\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6709\u8bc6\u4e4b\u58eb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u4e0e\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u5c06\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u906d\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u524a\u5f31\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u88ab\u65e5\u76ca\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u3002\u201d [12] \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u7275\u5934\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u76df\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u4e5f\u5df2\u5206\u660e\u30021960\u5e74\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u516d\u56fd\u95f4\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u989d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u589e\u957f\u4e8630%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u76df\u7684\u4e03\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d38\u6613\u989d\u4ec5\u589e\u957f\u4e8616% [13]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b27\u5171\u4f53\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u89c1\u6da8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u5229 [14]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u8c03\u6574\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u5e0c\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u9886\u6b27\u6d32\u8d70\u5411\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709\u82f1\u7f8e\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8c03\u6574\u5bf9\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u79bb\u5fc3\u529b\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u66f4\u8feb\u5207\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u5404\u56fd\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u897f\u6b27\u56de\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u8f68\u201d\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u671d\u91ce\u90fd\u8d5e\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u8054\u5408\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5728\u6211\u540c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u9762\u5546\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5411\u6211\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u5168\u8d5e\u540c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u201d [15]<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u653f\u7b56\u505a\u51fa\u8c03\u6574\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5176\u8868\u793a\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u8054\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u56fd\u6000\u7591\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5f20\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9887\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f9d\u9760\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6545\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u8054\u5408\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u5546\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u63a5\u7eb3\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u540c\u4f53 [14]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c1961\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u52a0\u5165\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u906d\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u62c9\u5927\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

4.2. \u82f1\u7f8e\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e8b\u5173\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u90fd\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u4e0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u5bf9\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e1c\u6b27\u9635\u8425\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1962\u5e749\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u73b0\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u90e8\u7f72\u5bfc\u5f39\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u6b64\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u5371\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u3001\u814a\u65af\u514b\u7b49\u4eba\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u90fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u8054\u7edc\u4e0e\u534f\u5546 [16]\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u7279\u522b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u80fd\u79d8\u5bc6\u83b7\u6089\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u6253\u4e09\u6b21\u7535\u8bdd\u6765 [15]\u30021962\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u63a5\u89e6 [17]\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5728\u6709\u5173\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u503e\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u624d\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5371\u673a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5316\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u4efb\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5e0c\u671b\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u653e\u7f13\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7ade\u8d5b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u6b62\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u529b\u91cf\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u6838\u6050\u6016\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u8981\u6c42\u505c\u6b62\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u4e0e\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u624b\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e00\u4efd\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u30021961\u5e747\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u63d0\u51fa\u5236\u5b9a\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u30029\u6708\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u5411\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u7406\u4f1a\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u7c73\u4f26\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5c31\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u8c08\u5224 [15]\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57281963\u5e747\u6708\u6709\u6240\u8f6c\u673a\uff0c\u4e09\u65b9\u5c31\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5f00\u5c55\u8c08\u5224\u30028\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e09\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u90e8\u5206\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u957f\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u6765\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5bf9\u6297\u82cf\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u53e4\u5df4\u5bfc\u5f39\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u7981\u6b62\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005: \u80e1\u6c81\u950c \u6458\u8981: 1961\u5e74\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u5371\u673a\u63a8\u52a8\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\u82f1\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15],"tags":[1054,11669,404,4790],"views":392,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38995"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38995"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38998,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38995\/revisions\/38998"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}