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Madden\uff08\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6885\u767b\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300aThe Real History of the Crusades\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u8bd1\u6587\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u4e14\u8d28\u91cf\u6b20\u4f73\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u6821\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/16788d27a17dee4e\" 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class=\"\">\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0b\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5b88\u671b\u8005<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b66\u8005\u4e60\u60ef\u4f4e\u8c03\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u94bb\u7814\u67af\u71e5\u4e14\u65e0\u4eba\u95ee\u6d25\u7684\u7684\u5e74\u5386\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u57289\/11\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7136\u5f00\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6211\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u91cc\u7684\u5b81\u9759\u65f6\u523b\u88ab\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u8131\u53e3\u79c0\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u95ee\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff1f\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u7528\u2018\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u2019\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u8fc7\u5206\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u51e0\u6b21\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u8be2\u95ee\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e86\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u627e\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u91cc\u60f3\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba9\u6211\u5bf9\u201c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6028\u6c14\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u91cc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4eca\u5929\u66b4\u6050\u95ee\u9898\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5bf9\u5bbd\u5bb9\u53c8\u9ad8\u96c5\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u91ce\u86ee\u88ad\u51fb\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u00b7\u62c9\u767b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89c6\u9891\u4eae\u76f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u00a0\u672c\u00b7\u62c9\u767b\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u6050\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65b0\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8ba8\u4f10\u201c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\u90fd\u662f\u9632\u5fa1\u6218\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5bf9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5e94&#8211;\u62b5\u6321\u6216\u9632\u5fa1\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff1b\u4f46\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u514b\u6797\u987f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5982\u4eca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u514b\u6797\u987f\u5728\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\u5e76\u5938\u5927\u4e86\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e8e1099\u5e74\u593a\u56de\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u540e\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc3\u91cc\u6000\u6028\u3002\u4f46\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4ec7\u6068\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u51fa\u540d\uff09\u514b\u6797\u987f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e5f\u6279\u8bc4\u514b\u6797\u987f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u8d23\u4efb\u90fd\u63a8\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e0d\u60dc\u642c\u51fa\u8fd11000\u5e74\u7684\u524d\u9648\u5e74\u65e7\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u514b\u6797\u987f\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=714974425,4257600176&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=640&amp;h=360\" 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data-author=\"Wxeditor\">\n<section>\n<section><\/section>\n<section><strong>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p>\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u88ab\u523b\u753b\u6210\u7531\u55dc\u6743\u5982\u547d\u7684\u6559\u7687\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u66b4\u5f92\u51b2\u950b\u9677\u9635\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u201c\u5723\u6218\u201d\uff08\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e49\u548c\u4e0d\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u8303\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5386\u53f2\u4e43\u81f3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6c61\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u540e\u4e16\u897f\u65b9\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5148\u5146\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7136\u540e\u5bfc\u81f4\u539f\u672c\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u7578\u5f62\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5e9f\u589f\u3002\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6717\u897f\u66fc\uff08Steven Runciman)\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5386\u53f2\u300b\u548c\u7531\u7279\u91cc\u00b7\u743c\u65af\uff08Terry Jones)\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u300a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u300b\u90fd\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u9063\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5a31\u4e50\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u662f\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u66b4\u529b\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u529b\u56fe\u62b5\u5fa1\u548c\u6536\u590d\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5f81\u670d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u56fd\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=2576822446,1266444908&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=564&amp;h=527\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e76\u975e\u60a3\u6709\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u5984\u60f3\u75c7\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u771f\u7684\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u4e3e\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u4f46\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u58ee\u5927\u3002\u4ece\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u603b\u662f\u4f9d\u4ed7\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e4b\u5730\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e00\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5bb9\u8eab\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2490061318,1444790471&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=720&amp;h=482\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u91cc\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8ba9\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5360\u9886\u3002\u5f53\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u5728\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u5411\u9ea6\u52a0\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5728\u52bf\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0a\u90fd\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5b83\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u5730\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\u5f53\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u9996\u9886\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u6b7b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\u5c31\u6467\u67af\u62c9\u673d\u822c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u53c8\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u653b\u52bf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3001\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u57c3\u53ca&#8211;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5730\u533a&#8211;\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u6ca6\u9677\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5317\u975e\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u585e\u5c14\u67f1\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\uff08Seljuk Turks \uff09\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u81ea\u4ece\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u65f6\u5019\u8d77\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u533a\u57df&#8211;\u5c0f\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\uff08 AsiaMinor\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\uff09\uff1b\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd&#8211;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd&#8211;\u88ab\u524a\u51cf\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5e0c\u814a\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u5c0f\u56fd\u3002\u60c5\u6025\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u6d3e\u4eba\u5411\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6c42\u6551\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u63f4\u52a9\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u59ca\u59b9\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/874a644b7227d95a\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6216\u79f0\u201c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u201d (\u84dd\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u662f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u7586\u57df<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u89e3\u5341\u5b57\u519b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u539f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u571f\u957f\u8fbe\u56db\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u662f\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u541e\u566c\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u7ec4\u5efa\u5c31\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/69f3fee846ee5e60\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u6c42\u6551\u7684\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\uff09\u7687\u5e1d\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\uff08Alexios I Komnenos\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5174\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u90fd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u516c\u51431\u4e16\u7eaa\u5174\u8d77\u540e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6392\u6324\u4e0e\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u9760\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7eaa\u88ab\u786e\u7acb\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u540e\u4f20\u904d\u4e86\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\uff09\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8bde\u751f\u5f53\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u5143\u540e610\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u5730\u56fe\uff1a\uff08\u56fe\u4e2d\u767d\u8272\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6a58\u8272\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u754c\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"http:\/\/p3.itc.cn\/images01\/20201230\/b832d9c2ca7c44b69ae56ba5738b56c0.jpeg\" alt=\"\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81,\u4e00\u90e8\u88ab\u98a0\u5012\u7684\u6b27\u4e9a\u8840\u6cea\u53f2\" \/>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8bde\u751f\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u7a46\u5fb7\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u4eec\u4fbf\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u5bf9\u624b\u6ce2\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7410\u7f57\u4e9a\u65af\u5fb7\u6559\uff09\u90fd\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u4e0b\u56fe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5723\u6218\u5927\u65d7\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u625b\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6b66\u529b\u5723\u6218\u5730\u56fe\uff08\u516c\u5143632-750\u5e74\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/img2.baidu.com\/it\/u=3362314985,3472918697&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=287\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u518d\u540e\u7684\u5723\u6218\u5927\u65d7\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u625b\u8d77\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u5723\u6218\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u738b\u56fd\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\uff0c\u652f\u63f4\u4e1c\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0e\u6536\u590d\u5723\u5730\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4ecd\u968f\u540e\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u5723\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u5927\u6559\u5802\u88ab\u53d8\u4e3a\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff08\u516c\u51431096-1500\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/470712c4bb96248e\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u6559\u7687\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08 Pope Urban II \uff09 \u57281095\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08 Council of Clermont\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u754c\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\u4eec\u62b5\u6321\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\u7acb\u4e0b\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u8a93\u8a00\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6218\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1095\u5e74\u7ec4\u5efa\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3b\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769\uff09\uff1a\u88ab\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u653b\u9677\u540e460\u5e74\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u540e458\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7b2c453\u5e74\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u906d\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56f4\u653b\u540e421\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u540e377\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u906d\u653b\u51fb\u540e\u7b2c363\u5e74\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u906d\u4e00\u6ce2\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u6d17\u52ab\u540e249\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f3be1c8131a016a4\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56e0\u6b64\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7684\u3001\u56de\u5e94\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u53c2\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u58f0\u79f0\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u571f\u5730\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u5668\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\u5230\u8fdc\u5904\u53bb\u63a0\u593a\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u8654\u8bda\u60c5\u64cd\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8ba4\u771f\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u80cc\u540e\u9634\u9669\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6258\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/d6107bf45515270d\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>1095\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u5b97\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u4e8c\u4e16\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u7279\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5baa\u7ae0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u53c2\u52a0\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5f88\u5bcc\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7518\u613f\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u5207\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u52a0\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u9886\u4e3b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u56e0\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u503e\u5bb6\u8361\u4ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u201c\u79ef\u6512\u8d22\u5b9d\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3 \u201c\u79ef\u6512\u8d22\u5b9d\u5728\u5929\u4e0a\uff1b\u5929\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u866b\u5b50\u54ac\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9508\u574f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d3c\u6316\u7a9f\u7abf\u6765\u5077\u3002\u201d\uff08\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u300a\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u300b6:19-20\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u627f\u53d7\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u7740\u6148\u5584\u4e0e\u7231\u5fc3\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u904d\u5e03\u7740\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5baa\u7ae0\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d62\u5f97\u6218\u5229\u54c1\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u53d8\u5bcc\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u56de\u6765\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=3370959576,2528129759&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=1037&amp;h=800\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5230\u5e95\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u4e8c\u4e16\u7ed9\u4e86\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u90fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u62ef\u6551\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u6559\u5b97\u82f1\u8bfa\u68ee\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Pope Innocent III\uff09\u540e\u6765\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5144\u5f1f\u88ab\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5173\u62bc\u3001\u627f\u62c5\u6700\u91cd\u7684\u82e6\u5f79\u88ab\u538b\u5f97\u5598\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6c14\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6295\u8eab\u4e8e\u89e3\u6551\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u4f7f\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u80fd\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6309\u7740\u201c\u7231\u90bb\u4eba\u5982\u7231\u81ea\u5df1\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u795e\u5723\u547d\u4ee4\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u5462\uff1f&#8230;\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u88ab\u5356\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u548c\u56da\u7981\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6570\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7684\u9177\u5211\u6298\u78e8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7ea6\u62ff\u5355\u00b7\u83b1\u5229\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u6559\u6388\uff08Jonathan Riley-Smith\u7ea6\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7231\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u90bb\u820d\u7684\u7231\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u53bb\u7ea0\u6b63\u53ef\u6015\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u6559\u7687\u82f1\u8bfa\u68ee\u4e09\u4e16\u7ed9\u5723\u6bbf\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u7528\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u2018\u4eba\u4e3a\u670b\u53cb\u820d\u547d\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u3002(\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u300b15:13\uff09\u201d<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=4229702268,3205249812&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=488\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u5723\u6bbf\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u5fbd\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u653e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u8036\u7a23\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d70\u8fc7\u800c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u5730\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u201c\u4e1c\u5f81\u201d\uff08Crusade\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u671d\u5723\u8005\uff08Pilgrims\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u5f80\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5723\u5893\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\u884c\u4f7f\u6b63\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6062\u590d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7231\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u5df1\u6536\u56de\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6062\u590d\u4ed6\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f70\u663e\u656c\u754f\u4e0e\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\">\n<section>\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u5f3a\u8feb\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u7688\u4f9d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7edd\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u57df\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff08\u4e2d\u4e1c\u548c\u5317\u975e\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u5723\u6218\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u6559\u5802\u88ab\u62c6\u6bc1\u3001\u4fe1\u5f92\u88ab\u63a0\u593a\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u7942\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u51fb\u8d25\u548c\u62b5\u5fa1\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5360\u9886\u533a\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u7559\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u603b\u662f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u65b9\u6d4e\u4f1a\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4fee\u4f1a\uff09\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u52aa\u529b\u5411\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u52aa\u529b\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n<header class=\"\"><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/08d1da00cffdf8f8\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><span class=\"\">\u516c\u51431219\u5e74\uff0c\u5723\u00b7\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u65af\u4e0e\u57c3\u53ca\u7d20\u4e39\u963f\u5361\u7c73\u5c14\uff08al-Kamil\uff09\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u4ed6\u4f20\u64ad\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u50cf\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u5916\u3001\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u6709\u7f6a\u884c\u30021095\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u5e2e\u7531Leiningen \u7684 Emicho\u4f2f\u7235\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u4e4c\u5408\u4e4b\u4f17\u6cbf\u7740\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\u4e00\u8def\u6740\u5bb3\u63a0\u593a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u4e3b\u6559\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u573a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6218\u58eb\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62a2\u52ab\u6740\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u94b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8d44\u52a9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6536\u590d\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5728\u5373\u65f6\uff0c\u5723\u00b7\u4f2f\u5c14\u7eb3\u5fb7\uff08Saint Bernard\uff09\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u80fd\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u95ee\u4e00\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e86\u89e3\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u5728\u8bd7\u7bc7\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u4e8e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u7948\u7977\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u201d\u3002\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u9c9c\u6d3b\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\uff08\u8036\u7a23\uff09\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5754487a4b053bd8\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5723\u00b7\u4f2f\u5c14\u7eb3\u5fb7\u70ed\u5207\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u9f13\u821e\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53c2\u52a0\u5341\u5b57\u519b(\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b8b\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u786e\u6709\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u6740\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u6559\u7687\u4eec\u3001\u4e3b\u6559\u4eec\u3001\u548c\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u5730\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/a2ce0ab0b5f883a2\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u00a0\u6559\u7687\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u4e8c\u4e16\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u7279\u53f7\u53ec\u7ec4\u5efa\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81<\/p>\n<article data-author=\"Wxeditor\">\n<section>\n<section><strong>\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u5904<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u6325\u94fe\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8865\u7ed9\u7ebf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u6218\u7565\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u633a\u8fdb\u654c\u4eba\u8179\u5730\uff0c\u6548\u5fe0\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e27\u547d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b7b\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u6216\u9965\u997f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u707e\u96be\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u5947\u8ff9\u822c\u5730\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002\u5230\u4e861098\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u590d\u4e86\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\uff08Nicaea\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\uff08Antioch\uff09\u30021099\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u6b22\u817e\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u66fe\u7ecf\u5c06\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u63a8\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u9006\u8f6c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/07041c299c4190fd\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6536\u590d\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8d77\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5e9e\u7136\u5927\u7269\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4ee4\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f01\u56fe\u62b5\u6297\u90a3\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u663e\u8457\u5730\u51fb\u9000\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u8def\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u90e1\u57c3\u5fb7\u8428\u56fd\uff08County of Edessa\uff091144\u5e74\u6ca6\u843d\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u548c\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u70ed\u60c5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u8f6e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8def\u6613\u4e03\u4e16\uff08Louis VII\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Conrad III\uff09\u4e24\u4f4d\u56fd\u738b\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u7531\u5723\u00b7\u4f2f\u5c14\u7eb3\u5fb7\u4eb2\u81ea\u5e03\u9053\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4ee5\u60e8\u8d25\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u90fd\u88ab\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u53ef\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8fdb\u519b\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u653b\u6253\u4e86\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u707e\u96be\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u4f46\u88ab\u8feb\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b63\u5728\u60e9\u7f5a\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08lay piety movements\uff09\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u840c\u82bd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u60f3\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u51c0\u5316\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e1c\u9762\u7684\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u914d\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5341\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6297\u6218\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u591a\u4e48\u865a\u5f31\u6216\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u53f7\u53ec\u4e0a\u9635\u3002\u6218\u58eb\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u727a\u7272\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u4e3a\u634d\u536b\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u800c\u727a\u7272\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5728\u672c\u571f\u9635\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u88ab\u53f7\u53ec\u85c9\u7740\u7977\u544a\u3001\u7981\u98df\u548c\u6350\u732e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u52bf\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8005\u8428\u62c9\u4e01\uff08Saladin\uff09\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e1c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u878d\u5408\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6301\u7eed\u9f13\u52a8\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5723\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281187\u5e74\u7684\u54c8\u4e01\u4e4b\u6218\uff08Battle of Hattin\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u519b\uff0c\u5e76\u593a\u8d70\u4e86\u771f\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u88ab\u9489\u6b7b\u7684\u539f\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5723\u7269\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u57ce\u5e02\u6beb\u65e0\u62b5\u5fa1\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee510\u67082\u65e5\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u6295\u964d\u800c\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ea\u5b88\u4f4f\u4e86\u5c11\u5f97\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6e2f\u53e3\u3002\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5728\u56de\u5f52\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7edf\u6cbb88\u5e74\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6ca6\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/40352f3aff66e415\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u8428\u62c9\u4e01\uff08\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e1c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u878d\u5408\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u738b\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u4e00\u4e16 \uff08Frederick I Barbarossa\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u738b\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Philip II Augustus\uff09\u3001\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u72ee\u5fc3\u738b\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Richard I Lionheart\uff09\u5171\u540c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u6d69\u5927\uff09\u3002\u5e74\u4e8b\u5df2\u9ad8\u7684\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u9a91\u5728\u9a6c\u80cc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u65f6\u6eba\u6c34\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fbe\u5723\u5730\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u5bb6\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u548c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u4e58\u8239\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e86\u6cb3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u4f11\u65e0\u6b62\u7684\u4e89\u5435\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u593a\u53d6\u963f\u514b\u91cc\uff08Acre\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u541b\u738b\u5c31\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u5fd9\u4e8e\u74dc\u5206\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u91cd\u4efb\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9a81\u52c7\u5584\u6218\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\uff0c\u6781\u5177\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u8db3\u667a\u591a\u8c0b\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u519b\u961f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6d77\u5cb8\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4f46\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e0d\u5728\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u63a7\u5236\u5723\u57ce\u7684\u8865\u7ed9\u7ebf\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u592d\u6298\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u6700\u540e\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u627f\u8bfa\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4f1a\u5e26\u519b\u961f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u8428\u62c9\u4e01\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u505c\u6218\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u671d\u5723\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u8fdb\u51fa\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6062\u590d\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u593a\u56de\u771f\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/0daa8e36df17acf8\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u72ee\u5fc3\u738b\u7406\u67e5<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u66f4\u8db3\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\uff081201\u81f31204\uff09\u56e0\u4e3a\u5377\u5165\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u534a\u9014\u6401\u6d45\u4e86\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7ed5\u9053\u524d\u5f80\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4f4d\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u738b\u4f4d\u4e89\u593a\u8005\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u540d\u6b63\u8a00\u987a\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u4f46\u88ab\u9634\u8c0b\u5bb6\u7be1\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7ed9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u56de\u62a5\u5e76\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u593a\u56de\u5723\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u767b\u4e0a\u738b\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u738b\u4f4d\u4e89\u593a\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u56fd\u5e93\u7a7a\u865a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8fdf\u8fdf\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u770b\u6765\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c \u00b7\u65af\u5854\u514b\uff08Rodney Stark)\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5cGod&#8217;s Battalions\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\u5c31\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u548c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u8d35\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u57cb\u4e0b\u3002\u4e0e\u70ed\u5fc3\u6536\u590d\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6c42\u63f4\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\uff08Alexios I Komnenos\uff09\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5f3a\u7684\u610f\u613f\u6536\u590d\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u5e0c\u671b\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u80fd\u591f\u66ff\u4ed6\u5316\u89e3\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u5371\u5c40\u548c\u6536\u590d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u7684\u7586\u571f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u539f\u672c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e76\u80a9\u5411\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u5f00\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u76df\u53cb\u5c61\u5c61\u9000\u5374\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5b64\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7adf\u7136\u6536\u590d\u4e86\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u66f4\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u591a\u6b21\u80cc\u7740\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u79c1\u4e0b\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u8d35\u65cf\u662f\u4e00\u6279\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u65e9\u4e8e\u7ea6\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u5230\u8fbe\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u6279\u7ec4\u7ec7\u677e\u6563\u4f46\u70ed\u60c5\u9ad8\u6da8\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u5c40\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u518d\u6b21\u4e0d\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6276\u4e0a\u738b\u4f4d\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u56fd\u738b\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u5e9f\u9edc\u5e76\u6740\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e0e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u662f\u6025\u8f6c\u76f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u53db\u4e71\u7684\u90e8\u4e0b\u662f\u6740\u6b7b\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u51f6\u624b\uff0c\u7406\u5f53\u88ab\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ede\u7559\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5371\u9669\u5883\u5916\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c40\u52bf\u6700\u7ec8\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u5185\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u90e8\u961f\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u80cc\u6c34\u4e00\u6218\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u9762\u524d\u7adf\u7136\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u6e83\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u57281204\u5e74\u653b\u6253\u3001\u5360\u9886\u5e76\u6b8b\u5fcd\u6d17\u52ab\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u57ce\u5e02\u2014\u2014\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/634f463e64cc3fb2\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u653b\u5360\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u5148\u66fe\u7ecf\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u5b97\u56e0\u8bfa\u68ee\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Innocent III\uff09\u5f3a\u70c8\u8c34\u8d23\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4ec5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u6559\u7687\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u6743\u529b\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5341\u5b57\u519b\uff09\u30021204\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u573a\u60b2\u5267\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u94c1\u95e8\uff0c\u4e00\u9053\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6559\u7687\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08John Paul II\uff09\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u94c1\u95e8\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u4e8e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5e0c\u671b\u62ef\u6551\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\uff08\u514d\u53d7\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5f81\u670d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b83\u5374\u4f7f\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"\">\u5386\u53f2\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8981\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5373\u4fbf\u53cc\u65b9\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u917f\u6210\u60b2\u5267\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fdb\u653b\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u662f\u62b5\u5fa1\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u897f\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4e1c\u65b9\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u5411\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4e16\u754c\u9053\u6b49\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u7684\u6b27\u6d32<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bf4\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u53cd\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u964d\u4e34\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5bf9\u624b\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4e4b\u95f4\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u7f13\u51b2\uff0c\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u5723\u6218\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u519b\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5ef6\u957f\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u56fd\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u5723\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5efa\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u540e537\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u8fd11000\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u6559\u5802\u30021453\u5e74\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u88ab\u6539\u9020\u4e3a\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u51e0\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u60c5\u51b5\u7a0d\u5fae\u597d\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u4e1c\u5f81\uff081217\u81f31221\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5ea6\u653b\u4e0b\u4e86\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u8fbe\u7c73\u57c3\u5854\u79f0\uff08Damietta\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u8be5\u57ce\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u5723\u8def\u6613\u4e5d\u4e16\uff08Saint Louis IX\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u66fe\u9886\u5bfc\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u5360\u9886\u8fc7\u8fbe\u7c73\u57c3\u5854\uff0c\u4f46\u8def\u6613\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u8ba1\u8c0b\u6240\u8499\u9a97\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u653e\u5f03\u8be5\u57ce\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8def\u6613\u5728\u5723\u5730\u91cc\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u6784\u7b51\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u6ca1\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff1a\u89e3\u653e\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u30021270\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4f4d\u5e74\u4e8b\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5e26\u9886\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5411\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e8e\u8086\u8650\u519b\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/2b8b68e3bb9f9d24\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u8fbe\u7c73\u57c3\u5854\uff08Damietta\uff09\u6218\u5f79<\/p>\n<p>\u5723\u8def\u6613\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u60e8\u65e0\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u9886\u5bfc\u8005Baybars\u548cKalavun\u5728\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u9488\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u5723\u6218\u3002\u52301291\u5e74\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u6740\u622e\u6216\u9010\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6279\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u738b\u56fd\u4ece\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u62b9\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u519b\u961f\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fc7\u65e0\u6570\u6b21\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u5c3d\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u6709\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8d25\u4ed7\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba9\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u611f\u5230\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u522b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u738b\u56fd\u5728\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8870\u5f31\u3002\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u897f\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\uff0c\u5e76\u95ef\u8fdb\u6b27\u6d32\u672c\u571f\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u652f\u63f4\u8fdc\u65b9\u6559\u53cb\u7684\u4ec1\u6148\u4f7f\u547d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u594b\u529b\u634d\u536b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u540e\u4ec5\u5b58\u7684\u56fd\u57df\u7684\u640f\u6597\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/b2a619851e79e78e\" \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u5360\u9886\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a<strong>\u800c\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u6b27\u6d32\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u6765\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7f8e\u6d32\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u7403\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u5c06\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u95ee\u9898\u4e86<\/strong>\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d5b\u5df4\u601d\u6c40\u00b7\u5e03\u90ce\u7279\uff08Sebastian Brant\uff09\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u611a\u4eba\u8239\u300b\uff08The Ship of Fools\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7ae0\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9668\u843d\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5410\u9732\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-tools=\"135\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\" data-id=\"85436\">\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section data-width=\"100%\">\n<section data-width=\"100%\">\n<section>\n<section class=\"\" data-style=\"box-sizing: border-box; line-height:1.75em; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; color: inherit;\">\n<section class=\"\" data-tools=\"135\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\" data-id=\"4503\">\n<section>\n<section class=\"\" data-style=\"background-color:rgb(248, 248, 248); color:rgb(115, 115, 115); font-size:14px; line-height:21px\">\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u66fe\u5728\u4e1c\u65b9\u5c79\u7acb\uff0c\u5b83\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u3001\u6469\u5c14\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u6700\u575a\u786c\u7684\u77f3\u5934\u90fd\u4e3a\u4e4b\u60b2\u75db\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u56db\u59ca\u59b9\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u4eab\u6709\u5c0a\u8d35\u6559\u6743\uff1a\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\uff0c\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\uff0c\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\uff08Antiochia\uff09\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u90fd\u6ca6\u9677\u4e86\uff0c\u88ab\u6d17\u52ab\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u9996\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\uff09\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u30021480\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u4e39\u4e70\u4e70\u63d0\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Mehmed II\uff09\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u5965\u7279\u90ce\u6258\u6d77\u5ce1\uff08Otranto\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4fb5\u7565\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8df3\u677f\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u88ab\u758f\u6563\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u8fd9\u4f4d\u82cf\u4e39\u4e70\u4e70\u63d0\u5c31\u4e00\u547d\u545c\u547c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e5f\u968f\u4ed6\u800c\u7834\u4ea7\u30021529\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u83b1\u66fc\u5927\u5e1d\uff08Suleiman the Magnificent\uff09\u56f4\u653b\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u53cd\u5e38\u7684\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u803d\u6401\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8fdb\u519b\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u820d\u5f03\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5927\u70ae\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u593a\u53d6\u8be5\u57ce\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u65e0\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c8c\u5c8c\u53ef\u5371\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=2241734450,3155180583&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=690&amp;h=347\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u516c\u5143\u540e 1500\u5e74-1520\u5e74 \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8303\u56f4 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea2\u70b9\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0f\u6218\u6597<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5371\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u6b63\u5728\u6084\u7136\u915d\u917f\u7740\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u6587\u660e\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5bf9\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5168\u7403\u63a2\u9669\u7b49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u4e89\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u7740\u5168\u7403\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u822a\u6d77\u63a2\u9669\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u91cd\u65b0\u6253\u901a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u4e1c\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9646\u4e0a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u88ab\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u519b\u961f\u5207\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u62d2\u7edd\u6559\u7687\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6218\u6597\u5c31\u7559\u7ed9\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u30021571\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8054\u76df\u6d77\u519b\u5728\u96f7\u73ed\u6258\u6d77\u6e7e\uff08Lepanto\uff09\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u8230\u961f\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u88ab\u904f\u5236\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53ef\u6015\u548c\u8001\u7ec3\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u663e\u5f97\u843d\u540e\u4e0e\u53ef\u601c\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u518d\u503c\u5f97\u53d1\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4e86\u3002\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u75c5\u592b\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff09\u201d\u4e00\u7638\u4e00\u62d0\u5730\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u6700\u540e\u65ad\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i01piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/5b4e06255a858074\" 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class=\"\" data-id=\"85958\">\n<section class=\"\">\n<section><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/18beb1a1ee492770\" 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