{"id":39263,"date":"2024-07-19T09:51:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T01:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39263"},"modified":"2024-07-19T09:51:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T01:51:32","slug":"%e9%a9%ac%e4%b8%81%c2%b7%e8%b7%af%e5%be%b7%e5%af%b9%e5%be%b7%e8%af%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39263","title":{"rendered":"\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90:\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n

\n
\n
<\/p>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u3002\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u559c\u6b22\u5c06\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4eca\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u5927\u516c\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6587\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u5145\u5206\u8fd0\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u70b9\u800c\u5177\u5907\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6784\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769500\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5e01<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>017\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u5728\u5e86\u795d\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769500\u5468\u5e74\u3002\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\uff08Wittenberg\uff09\u57ce\u5821\u6559\u5802\u5f20\u8d34\u7684\u8bba\u7eb2\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff09\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4f9d\u9644\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4ee5\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u8def\u5fb7\u6559\u6d3e\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u521d\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4eca\u6240\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5374\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff08\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u8def\u5fb7\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6781\u5177\u521b\u610f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5343\u6761\u2014\u2014\u683c\u8a00\u540d\u53e5\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u521b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u80af\u5b9a\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u611f\u5230\u7279\u522b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5947\u602a\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u53e5\uff1a\u201c\u60a8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6253\u55dd\u653e\u5c41\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u662f\u60a8\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\u5403\uff1f\u201d\u53c8\u5982\u201c\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u5c41\u80a1\u653e\u4e0d\u51fa\u5f00\u5fc3\u7684\u5c41\uff01\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u5927\u591a\u53d7\u5230\u4e3b\u6d41\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u9f7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bba\u8ff0\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff1a\u8def\u5fb7\u4e8e1483\u5e7411\u670810\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u827e\u65af\u83b1\u672c\uff08Eisleben\uff09\uff0c1546\u5e742\u670818\u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u4ece\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u591a\u79cd\u5199\u6cd5\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u62fc\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d85\u8fc75\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u201cLuther\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u7c97\u4fd7\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u201cLuder\u201d\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u30021501\u5e74\u81f31505\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u57c3\u5c14\u798f\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u4e03\u827a\u201d\uff08\u62c9\u4e01\u8bedartes liberales\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u3001\u7b97\u672f\u5b66\u3001\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u4ed6\u4e8e1505\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5b66\u4e1a\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u9887\u6709\u4e9b\u8e4a\u8df7\u7684\u201c\u89c9\u9192\u7ecf\u5386\u201d\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u30021505\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\u8def\u5fb7\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5341\u5206\u5bb3\u6015\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u5c31\u6b64\u4e27\u547d\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6050\u60e7\u4e2d\u547c\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\uff0c\u5723\u5b89\u5a1c\uff0c\u6211\u613f\u610f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u50e7\u4fa3\uff01\u201d\u7136\u540e\u8def\u5fb7\u786e\u5b9e\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u57c3\u5c14\u798f\u7279\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u5965\u601d\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u664b\u5347\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c1507\u5e742\u6708\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u6267\u4e8b\uff0c\u540c\u5e744\u6708\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u795e\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u664b\u5347\u5f97\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8c28\u5b88\u6559\u89c4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u4ecd\u7136\u9971\u53d7\u714e\u71ac\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u7b80\u5355\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u601c\u60af\uff1f\u201d\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u4e8e\u7f6a\u7684\u8d66\u514d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u4e8e1508\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\u94bb\u7814\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5965\u5361\u59c6\uff08Wilhelm von Ockhams\uff09\u548c\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustinus\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u54c8\u52d2-\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\u5927\u5b66\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u51a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u3002\u8def\u5fb71510\u5e74\u6e38\u5b66\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c1512\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u795e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u89e3\u6559\u5e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4efb\u804c\u7ec8\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

1512\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u5854\u7ecf\u9a8c\u201d\uff08Turmerlebnis\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u9886\u609f\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e49\u552f\u6709\u4ece\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4ea7\u751f\u30021516\u5e74\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u5e03\u9053\u4e2d\u79ef\u6781\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u201d\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7528\u94b1\u8d4e\u7f6a\u4ee5\u6551\u8d4e\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u5df2\u6545\u4eb2\u5c5e\u514d\u53d7\u5730\u72f1\u7684\u70bc\u706b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5f88\u6d41\u884c\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u975e\u51fa\u81ea\u8def\u5fb7\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u94b1\u5e01\u4e00\u6295\u5165\u94b1\u67dc\u4e2d\u53ee\u5f53\u4f5c\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u5c31\u8d85\u8131\u70bc\u72f1\uff01\u201d\u8def\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f20\u8d34\u5728\u7ef4\u6ed5\u8d1d\u683c\u57ce\u5821\u6559\u5802\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d4e\u7f6a\u5238\u7684\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u8bba\u7eb2\u300b\u5c06\u77db\u76fe\u63a8\u5411\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u655b\u8d22\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d4e\u7f6a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u8bba\u7eb2\u300b\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u52a8\u4e71\u4f7f\u5f97\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u6570\u5e74\u4e2d\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u5ba1\u5224\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u6b63\u7edf\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u30021521\u5e74\u5728\u6c83\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\uff08Worms\uff09\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u518d\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u7eb2\u8fa9\u62a4\u5e76\u9876\u4f4f\u9ad8\u538b\u62d2\u7edd\u64a4\u56de\u3002\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u611f\u52a8\u9a71\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u300a\u6c83\u5c14\u59c6\u65af\u6555\u4ee4\u300b\u5ba3\u5e03\u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u5371\u5bb3\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7981\u95ed\u4e8e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u827e\u68ee\u7eb3\u8d6b\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u74e6\u7279\u5821\uff08Wartburg\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9690\u59d3\u57cb\u540d\uff0c\u5316\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5bb9\u514b\u00b7\u7ea6\u514b\u201d\u4e13\u5fc3\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8611\u5468\u5c31\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u57fa\u7840\u6709\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u8c1f\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u5723\u7ecf\u3001\u7531\u4f0a\u62c9\u65af\u8c1f\u4eb2\u81ea\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u5723\u7ecf\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u901a\u884c\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4f55\u5728\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8981<\/strong>\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u65f6\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u5fb7\u8bed\u53e3\u8bed\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u540c\u5fb7\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\u4e92\u76f8\u542c\u61c2\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u5927\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f4e\u5730\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u90e8\u5fb7\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ece\u897f\u90e8\u83b1\u8335\u5170\u76f4\u81f3\u4e1c\u90e8\u6a2a\u8d2f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u90e8\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u4ee5\u5357\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u5fb7\u8bed\u533a\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5fb7\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u559c\u6b22\u5c06\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u2014\u2014\u5982\u4eca\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8bed\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u5927\u516c\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6587\u4f53\u3002\u516c\u6587\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e66\u9762\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e66\u5199\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

1522\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u30021523\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6539\u9769\u8005\u548c\u6559\u6388\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u4e8e1534\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u65b0\u65e7\u7ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b21\u7ecf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u5143\u524d200\u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u540e400\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u672a\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u5723\u7ecf\u6b63\u5178\u6216\u5bf9\u5176\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b63\u5178\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5178\u5b9a\u7a3f\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u9762\u4e16\u65f6\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u539f\u672c\u5728\u5fb7\u8bed\u91cc\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u8def\u5fb7\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff1a\u201cFeuertaufe\u201d\uff08\u706b\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff09\uff0c\u201cBluthund\u201d\uff08\u6d41\u4eba\u8840\u7684\u574f\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u201cSelbstverleugnung\u201d\uff08\u820d\u5df1\uff09\uff0c\u201cMachtwort\u201d\uff08\u5927\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u201cSchandfleck\u201d\uff08\u7455\u75b5\uff09\uff0c\u201cGewissensbisse\u201d\uff08\u61ca\u6094\uff09\uff0c\u201cL\u00fcckenb\u00fc\u00dfer\u201d\uff08\u4e34\u65f6\u623f\u5c4b\uff09\uff0c\u201cL\u00e4stermaul\u201d\uff08\u4e56\u8c2c\u7684\u5634\uff09\uff0c\u201cLockvog\u00dfel\u201d\uff08\u96c0\u9e1f\uff09\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u51ed\u501f\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5e7d\u9ed8\u611f\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8fd0\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u70b9\u800c\u5177\u5907\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u6784\u8bcd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e3a\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u672a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8bcd\u6c47\u662f\u7531\u8def\u5fb7\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u5e76\u4e14\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u3002\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5fb7\u8bed\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5982\u6b4c\u5fb7\u548c\u5e2d\u52d2\u7b49\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u521b\u9020\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8d21\u732e\u5353\u8d8a\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u5374\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u6bd4\u8f83\u7565\u663e\u7275\u5f3a\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u548c\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u505a\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5931\u504f\u9887\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u8def\u5fb7\u8eab\u4e0a\uff1a\u8def\u5fb7\u901a\u8fc7\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u8bcd\u6c47\u521b\u9020\u548c\u6784\u8bcd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4e0b\u4e60\u8bed\uff1a\u201cPerlen vor die S\u00e4ue werfen\u201d\uff08\u628a\u73cd\u73e0\u4e22\u5728\u732a\u524d\uff0c\u6307\u660e\u73e0\u6697\u6295\uff09\uff0c\u201cein Buch mit sieben Siegeln\u201d\uff08\u4e03\u5370\u5c01\u4e25\u7684\u4e66\u5377\uff0c\u6307\u50cf\u5929\u4e66\u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u201cdie Z\u00e4hne zusammenbei\u00dfen\u201d\uff08\u54ac\u7259\u5207\u9f7f\uff09\uff0c\u201cetwas ausposaunen\u201d\uff08\u5439\u5587\u53ed\uff0c\u6307\u5230\u5904\u4f20\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u201cim Dunkeln tappen\u201d\uff08\u5728\u6697\u4e2d\u6478\u7d22\uff09\uff0c\u201cein Herz und eine Seele\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u201cauf Sand bauen\u201d\uff08\u5efa\u5728\u6c99\u571f\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u201cWolf im Schafspelz\u201d\uff08\u62ab\u7740\u7f8a\u76ae\u7684\u72fc\uff09\u548c\u201cder gro\u00dfe Unbekannte\u201d\uff08\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u672a\u77e5\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u55bb\u4ecd\u65e7\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u53f9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u8fc7\u7684\u6b4c\u5fb7\u548c\u5e2d\u52d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6700\u7ec8\u53d6\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff1f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f<\/strong>\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ee5\u8def\u5fb7\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u516c\u6587\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/strong>\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8fd8\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u533a\u57df\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5fb7\u8bed\u533a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4\u8d77\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\u548c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u66f4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u7406\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u4f26\u6566\u4e4b\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u6216\u8005\u5df4\u9ece\u4e4b\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u90a3\u6837\u4ee5\u5f53\u5730\u65b9\u8a00\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\u4e5f\u5f88\u65b0\u9896\u548c\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u4ee5\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bd1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u591a\u4ee5\u62c9\u4e01\u539f\u6587\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u76f4\u8bd1\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u610f\u8bd1\u201d\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5176\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u90e8\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5317\u5fb7\u548c\u5357\u5fb7\u7684\u65b9\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce2\u6069\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u53f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8d1d\u65bd\uff08Werner Besch\uff09\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u5fb7\u8bed\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u201d\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5176\u4e2d\u8fde\u97f3\u8282\u97f5\u5f8b\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6559\u5802\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\u3001\u5927\u5408\u5531\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eca\u5e741\u6708\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u8bd1\u5723\u7ecf\u7eaa\u5ff5\u90ae\u7968\uff0c\u9762\u503c2.6\u6b27<\/p>\n

\u4f46<\/strong>\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c31\u6b64\u5c06\u8def\u5fb7\u89c6\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u201d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fb7\u8bed\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f4e\u5730\u3001\u4e2d\u90e8\u548c\u9ad8\u5730\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u5212\u5206\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201c\u8def\u5fb7\u65e9\u57281600\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6765\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9686\u91cd\u5e86\u795d\u4e86\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769500\u5468\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6b21\u5468\u5e74\u5e86\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\uff1a2003\u5e74\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u5f71\u7247\uff08Joseph Fiennes\u4e3b\u6f14\uff09\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u91cd\u64ad\uff1b\u4e8c\u6708\u64ad\u653e\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7535\u89c6\u4e00\u53f0\u51fa\u54c1\u7684\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u300b\u7684\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u51ef\u745f\u7433\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6ce2\u62c9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u80b2\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff09\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65e9\u5e94\u5236\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3a\u4f55\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\uff0c\u5b66\u751f14\u5c81\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\/\u8def\u5fb7\u65b0\u6559\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5360\u636e\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e5f\u5c06\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fd8\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u548c\u8def\u5fb7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u6469\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\uff08Playmobil\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u5851\u6599\u6750\u8d28\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u50cf\u513f\u7ae5\u73a9\u5177\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u683c\u8a00\uff08\u4f46\u672a\u7ecf\u8003\u8bc1\uff09\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u57282017\u5e74\u6625\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\uff08\u867d\u6709\u6ee5\u7528\u4e4b\u5acc\uff09\uff1a\u675c\u585e\u5c14\u591a\u592b\u5e02\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u6559\u533a\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u53e5\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5411\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u53d1\u653e\u907f\u5b55\u5957\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6869\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u88ab\u53eb\u505c\u2014\u2014\u5374\u540c\u6837\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u65b0\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u62df\u4eba\u5316\u8fc7\u4e8e\u504f\u9887\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8def\u5fb7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ef0\u4ed7\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e09\u6708\u521d\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u5468\u62a5\u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5468\u62a5\u300b\uff08Die Zeit\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4ee3\u8868\u8def\u5fb7\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u7687\u5e76\u80a9\u800c\u7acb\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u578b\u5fb7\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u5728\u6570\u79d2\u5185\u641c\u904d\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u63d0\u5230\u8def\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8bcd\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f1850\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8054\uff1a\u81ea1848\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u5206\u6790\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u660e\u663e\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u300a\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff08DWB\uff09\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff08\u300a\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u624d\u662f\u683c\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u300a\u683c\u6797\u7ae5\u8bdd\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f8b\u8bc1\u51fa\u81ea\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u90e8\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u514d\u8d39\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1ahttp:\/\/dwb.uni-trier.de\/de\/\u3002\u5bf9\u6240\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u8bcd\u4f1a\u4e00\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6240\u627e\u5230\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8def\u5fb7\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u5373\u201cLuthertum\u201d\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\uff09\uff08\u5982\u4eca\u770b\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u8001\u5f0f\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u201cLutherthum\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769500\u5468\u5e74\u5e86\u4e4b\u9645\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5217\u4e3e\u6570\u4f8b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8d1d\u65bd2015\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c2015\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8def\u5fb7\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u300b\uff08\u67cf\u6797\uff1aErich Schmidt\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u30022017\u5e74\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u541b\u7279\uff08Hartmut G\u00fcnther\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u6000\u7740\u70ed\u60c5\u548c\u968f\u6027\uff1a\u8bba\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u300b\uff08\u67cf\u6797\uff1a\u675c\u767b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\u7c4d\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u8def\u5fb7\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5728\u5fb7\u8bed\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6Norbert Mecklenburg\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u52a0\u7279\uff1aMetzler\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\uff09\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8def\u5fb7\u5176\u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff08Lyndal Roper\u8457\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\uff1aS. Fischer\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u53db\u9006\u8005\u201d\u8def\u5fb7\uff08Willi Winkler\u8457\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\uff1aRowohlt\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u800c\u8db3\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56e0\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769500\u5468\u5e74\u5e86\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u8ba8\u8def\u5fb7\u4e3b\u9898\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5bf9\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e2d\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea1500\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u7ed5\u5f00\u8def\u5fb7\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5177\u4f53\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90:\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76 \u8def\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u3002\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u559c\u6b22\u5c06\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[11834,11676,10598,11835],"views":348,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39263"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39263"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39265,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39263\/revisions\/39265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}