{"id":39632,"date":"2024-11-13T05:28:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T21:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39632"},"modified":"2024-11-13T07:47:03","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T23:47:03","slug":"%e6%8b%9c%e5%8d%a0%e5%ba%ad%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%98%e6%96%b9%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e5%bd%a2%e6%80%81%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%af%b9%e5%a4%96%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e8%a7%82%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39632","title":{"rendered":"\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content_head\">\n<div class=\"head_intro clear\">\n<div class=\"intro_left fl\">\u00a0<span class=\"qt_article_author\">\u4f5c\u8005: \u5b59\u601d\u840c<\/span> \u00a0<span class=\"qt_article_source\">\u6765\u6e90: \u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"content_center\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u548c\u63a8\u8fdb\u501f\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u516c\u51437\u20148\u4e16\u7eaa\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca11\u201413\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u897f\u6b27\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u7cfb\u5217\u6218\u4e89\u80cc\u540e\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u754c\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d(Holy War)\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5343\u5e74\u5e1d\u56fd\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u666e\u4e16\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff1f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bdd\u8bed\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1f<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img src=\"https:\/\/p0.itc.cn\/q_70\/images03\/20221025\/8ab3514809384dceb3ccaef47377007c.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u56f4\u7ed5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u30021991\u5e74\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u96c5\u5178\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05(Athena Kolia-Dermitzaki)\u5c06\u5176\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff1a\u5b97\u6559\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5ba3\u626c\u300b\u4ed8\u6893\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5f0f\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u201d(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145080207.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>bellumsacrum)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5979\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u7684\u201c\u5409\u54c8\u5fb7(jih\u0101d)\u201d\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u51fb\u4e0d\u540c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u654c\u4eba\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05\u4ee5\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b66\u754c\u6380\u8d77\u6fc0\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5979\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u683c\u8fbe\u6797\u8bfa(P. Magdalino)\u5c0612\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u4e00\u4e16\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5bf9\u585e\u5c14\u67f1\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u8fdc\u5f81\u89c6\u4e3a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u201d\uff1b\u79d1\u5c14\u5df4\u5df4(T. Kolbaba)\u3001\u745e\u6839(G. Regan)\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u4e13\u5bb6\u54c8\u5c14\u767b(J. Haldon)\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u5929\u9009\u4e4b\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5426\u8ba4\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u51ef\u57fa(W.E. Kaegi)\u5728\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u6240\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u8bc4\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\u5176\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u52a8\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u975e\u6559\u4f1a\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u519b\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\u7684\u5c06\u58eb\u8bb8\u8bfa\u5b97\u6559\u62a5\u507f\u3002P.\u4e9a\u8bfa\u666e\u9c81\u65af(P. Yannopoulos)\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u4ece\u672a\u5f00\u5c55\u8fc7\u6269\u5f20\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7565\u3001\u5c3c\u57fa\u5f17\u9c81\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u5f81\u6218\u88ab(\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u5747\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u897f\u65b9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u201d\u4ee5\u4f0a\u67ef\u8bfa\u7c73\u5e95\u65af(N. Oikonomides)\u3001\u62c9\u4f0a\u4e4c(A. Laiou)\u548c\u65af\u56fe\u83b1\u63d0\u65af(I. Stouraitis)\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u76db\u884c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4f26\u7406\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u4e89(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145288120.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>bellumjustum)\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u6587\u672c\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u6587\u732e\u5ba3\u626c\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u601d\u7eea\u548c\u5fc3\u6001\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u8ff0\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u662f\u5426\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c31\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u62c9\u4f0a\u4e4c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5b97\u6559\u6743\u5a01\u6765\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u6743\u5a01\u624d\u6709\u6743\u8d66\u514d\u53c2\u6218\u5c06\u58eb\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u6216\u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u5176\u201c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u201d\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u65af\u56fe\u83b1\u63d0\u65af\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u795e\u7684\u610f\u613f(deus vult)\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u88ab\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5f02\u6559\u6216\u5f02\u7aef\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u7688\u4f9d\u6216\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u5c06\u6da4\u9664\u7f6a\u6076\u3001\u5f97\u4ee5\u8d4e\u7f6a(remissio peccatorum)\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8457\u8ff0\u51fa\u724821\u5e74\u540e\u56de\u5e94\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05\u672c\u4eba\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5f53\u5979\u5c06\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bcd\u6c47\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f15\u53f7\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u5fb7\u8bed\u5b66\u754c\u30021901\u5e74\u81f31916\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u4e13\u5bb6\u65bd\u74e6\u5229(Friedrich Schwally)\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d(der heiliger Krieg)\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5723\u7ecf\u65e7\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u201c\u5409\u54c8\u5fb7\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u63d0\u6cd5\u540e\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53e4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u53f2\u548c\u897f\u6b27\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u7eb3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u540e\u4e16\u5b66\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6765\u9610\u91ca\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\uff1f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145379760.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>)\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u53e4\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u6216\u6307\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u6216\u8a00\u6559\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u518d\u6216\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u514b\u5236\u548c\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0e\u73b0\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u8fd130\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05\u547d\u9898\u201d\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5728\u9610\u91ca\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee57-8\u4e16\u7eaa\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u548c11-13\u4e16\u7eaa\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u52a8\u5458\u548c\u4f5c\u6218\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u8d4b\u4e88\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u8840\u8165\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u5723\u6d01\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5bf9\u6297\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u53c2\u6218\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cbe\u795e\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5b66\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u5bf9\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e00\u65e9\u5148\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u6218\u4e89\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5b9a\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6267\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e24\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u3002\u201c\u9ad8\u8389\u5a05\u547d\u9898\u201d\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3002\u4e24\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u5747\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5bf9\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u660e\u786e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e1c\u897f\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff1b\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u5b97\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53c2\u9274\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5185\u6838\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u9996\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u5e1d\u56fd\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u987b\u662f\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8868\u8fbe\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u634d\u536b\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7586\u571f\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u65f6\u671f\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u518c\u3001\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u4e66\u4e2d\u8861\u91cf\u53d1\u52a8\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\u201d(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145655661.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>) \u7684\u6839\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u654c\u4eba\u4fb5\u72af\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u539f\u6709\u7586\u571f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u4e49\u201d<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145726013.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u738b\u671d\u7687\u5e1d\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16(Leo VI the Wise\uff0c886-912\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u6240\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u518c\u300a\u6218\u672f\u300b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u9610\u91ca\u4f55\u79cd\u6218\u4e89\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u201c\u53e4\u65f6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3001\u8fd1\u4e16\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u6218\u672f\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5bf9\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u671f\u519b\u4e8b\u5178\u7c4d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f81\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u5b9e\u6218\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6218\u4e89\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u8f83\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0\u548c\u7ed3\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16\u591a\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b98\u65b9\u53c2\u52a0\u3001\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff1a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bba\u8ff0\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u53c2\u6218\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u201c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6b63\u5f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u4e49\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u654c\u65b9\u4ee5\u60ef\u5e38\u7684\u4eb5\u6e0e\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u706b\uff0c\u5165\u4fb5\u6211\u65b9\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u4e89\u53d6\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u86ee\u65cf\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u5e73\u2026\u2026\u5982\u679c\u90bb\u56fd\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\u5b89\u5c45\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e49\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3b\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eec\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\uff0c\u611a\u8822\u5730\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5165\u4fb5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0e\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\u3001\u6311\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u5f00\u6218\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u4fdd\u536b\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u540d\u3001\u4e3a\u6062\u590d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u800c\u6218\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u90e8\u65cf\u8fc1\u5f99\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u3001\u963f\u74e6\u5c14\u4eba\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u67e5\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\u4e00\u4e16\u7687\u5e1d(Justinian I\uff0c527-565\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u519b\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u67e5\u58eb\u4e01\u5c3c\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u7586\u571f\u6062\u590d\u81f3\u516c\u51431-2\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u7684\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7586\u754c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u5f8b\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201c\u539f\u6765\u66fe\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u6d0b\u7684\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u56e0\u4e0d\u614e\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u201d\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u572811\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u81f312\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u516c\u4e3b\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5a1c(Anna Comnena)\u5728\u5979\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4f20\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5176\u7236\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4e00\u4e16(Alexios I Comnenos\uff0c1081-1118\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u6536\u590d\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7586\u571f\u7684\u58ee\u5fd7\u5b8f\u56fe\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7edf\u6cbb\u7586\u754c\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5168\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7586\u57df\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u4f01\u53ca\u4e1c\u897f\u4e24\u9762\u77f3\u67f1\uff0c\u5373\u897f\u9762\u7684\u8d6b\u62c9\u514b\u52d2\u65af\u4e4b\u67f1\u548c\u4e1c\u9762\u7684\u3001\u9760\u8fd1\u5370\u5ea6\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u72c4\u5965\u5c3c\u7d22\u65af\u4e4b\u67f1\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7586\u57df\u4e4b\u5e7f\u9614\u662d\u793a\u5176\u65e0\u9650\u8363\u5149\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u9ea6\u7f57\u57c3\u3001\u7a74\u5c45\u4eba(Troglodytes)\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u571f\u5730\u548c\u70ed\u5e26\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u56ca\u62ec\u90a3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6781\u5317\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u5904\u5317\u5883\u3001\u6781\u661f\u8f89\u6620\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u201d1175\u5e74\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u4e00\u4e16(Manuel I Comnenos\uff0c1143-1180\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u4ece\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u593a\u56de\u591a\u5229\u8d56\u7fc1(Dorylaion)\u8981\u585e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u65b0\u5e15\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u57ce\u90fd\u4e3b\u6559\u57c3\u592b\u5e0c\u7c73\u4e4c\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u62c9\u514b\u65af(Euthymios Malakes)\u5728\u5e03\u9053\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u8ff9\u8d5e\u9882\u6709\u52a0\uff1a\u201c\u593a\u56de\u654c\u4eba\u62a2\u8d70\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u591a\u4e48\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d14\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u672b\u4ee3\u738b\u671d\u7687\u5e1d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u516d\u4e16(John VI Kantakouzenos\uff0c1347-1354\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u5728\u81f4\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u201c\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e3e\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u593a\u8d70\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u80cc\u4fe1\u5f03\u4e49\uff0c\u663e\u9732\u654c\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u88ab\u8feb\u540c\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4eba\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u593a\u56de\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e16\u4ee3\u76f8\u4f20\u7684\u9886\u571f\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f8b\u8bc1\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f2\u6599\u8bc1\u660e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u5728\u4e8e\u6062\u590d\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8005\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5343\u4f59\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7687\u4f4d\u7684\u66f4\u8fed\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5065\u5168\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8f83\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8840\u4eb2\u7ee7\u627f\u5236\u4f7f\u5176\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u572813\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5178\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u6743\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u5177\u5907\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8c03\u914d\u519b\u961f\u529b\u91cf\u9547\u538b\u5185\u4e71\u3001\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u654c\u7684\u53f7\u53ec\u529b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u57281204-1261\u5e74\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6d41\u4ea1\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u4ecd\u7262\u7262\u628a\u63a7\u7740\u5bf9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u8896\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7267\u9996\u5374\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u6218\u5c06\u58eb\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u987b\u662f\u4e16\u4fd7\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4fee\u58eb\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3a\u5175\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6784\u6210\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u519b\u56e2\uff0c\u5230\u4e2d\u671f\u5b9e\u884c\u519b\u533a\u5236\u5ea6\u65f6\u7684\u519c\u5175\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u6c11\u5175\uff0c\u518d\u81f3\u540e\u671f\u96c7\u4f63\u5175\u5728\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4fee\u58eb\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u518c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u732e\u8f83\u5c11\u5f3a\u8c03\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7740\u91cd\u5448\u73b0\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f52\u5c5e\u6216\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f3a\u8c03\u6253\u51fb\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e1c\u9762\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u9891\u7e41\u7206\u53d1\u519b\u4e8b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e\u5728\u63d0\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5dee\u5f02\u4f5c\u4e3a\u654c\u89c6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6216\u501f\u53e3\u300210\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7267\u9996\u5c3c\u57fa\u5f17\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u65af\u63d0\u514b\u65af(Nicephorus Mysticus)\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u8428\u62c9\u68ee\u4eba\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e5\u6708\u4e00\u822c\u6c38\u6052\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u540c\u653e\u5149\u8f89\u3002\u5355\u51ed\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u5144\u5f1f\u822c\u76f8\u5904\u3002\u201d\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5a1c\u5728\u9610\u8ff0\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u585e\u5c14\u67f1\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u523b\u610f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u201c\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8428\u62c9\u68ee\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u963f\u52a0\u91cc\u5c3c\u4eba\u201d(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145816260.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>)\u7b49\u65cf\u7fa4\u8eab\u4efd\u6765\u8868\u793a\u300214\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u516d\u4e16\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u86ee\u65cf\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u6982\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u6cbf\u88ad\u7684\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9610\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u6269\u5f20\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5f02\u7aef\u8005\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u6216\u7688\u4f9d\u4e3a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5e03\u9053\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5728\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u540e\u8005\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u6108\u53d1\u5f00\u59cb\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000<strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u201c\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3001\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6210\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u53d1\u52a8\u8005\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6cfe\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u548c\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u57288-12\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6253\u51fb\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u4e3a\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u539f\u56e0\u8fd9\u4e00\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5730\u8de8\u6b27\u4e9a\u975e\u7684\u5343\u5e74\u5e1d\u56fd\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5c45\u4e8e\u897f\u6b27\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u897f\u8fdb\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5730\u906d\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7565\u738b\u671d\u3001\u4f0a\u82cf\u5229\u4e9a\u738b\u671d\u548c\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81-\u5b89\u82f4\u5229\u738b\u671d\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u653f\u6743\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u540d\u4e49\u3001\u4e4b\u52a8\u529b\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u90fd\u5bf9\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u9020\u6210\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u88ab\u8feb\u5e94\u6218\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u4e66\u5199\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6279\u9a73\u6001\u5ea6\u30027-8\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u4e0b\u4e27\u5931\u5927\u7247\u4e1c\u90e8\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u548c\u5317\u975e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e5f\u5ba3\u544a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u751a\u81f3\u5728674-678\u5e74\u3001717-718\u5e74\u95f4\u4e24\u6b21\u5175\u4e34\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u57ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9020\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u732e\u5c06\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u91ce\u86ee\u800c\u672a\u5f00\u5316\u7684\u91ce\u517d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u55dc\u8840\u7684\u201d\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4fdd\u5b58\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u96c5\u5404\u6bd4\u6559\u8c15\u300b(Doctrina Jacobi)\u6700\u65e9\u8c08\u53ca\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5f81\u670d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5ba3\u4f20\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u77e5\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u7ea6\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e634\u5e74\u81f3640\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5148\u77e5\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u4ef0\u9f13\u52b1\u6218\u4e89\uff1a\u201c\u8428\u62c9\u68ee\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u884c\u9a97\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6240\u8c13\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u5e76\u65e0\u771f\u5b9e\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5230\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd8\u5ba3\u79f0\u638c\u7ba1\u5929\u5802\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\u3002\u201d\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u8352\u8c2c\uff0c\u4e0e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u800c\u9664\u4e86\u300a\u96c5\u5404\u6bd4\u6559\u8c15\u300b\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5916\uff0c\u57287\u30018\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u732e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u672a\u8bb0\u8f7d\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\u4e2d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u505c\u7559\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d7\u5230\u86ee\u65cf\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u65f6\u81f39\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u5f00\u59cb\u660e\u786e\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u5f3a\u5927\u6218\u6597\u529b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u7ed3\u5408\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u6279\u9a73\uff0c\u8fd9\u96c6\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u585e\u5965\u6cd5\u5c3c\u65af(Theophanes the Confessor\uff0c\u7ea6760-817\u5e74)\u7684\u300a\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\u548c9\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u57fa\u5854\u65af(Niketas Byzantios)\u7684\u300a\u8fa9\u9a73\u4e66\u300b(Refutatio)\u4e2d\u3002\u585e\u5965\u6cd5\u5c3c\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u8bb8\u8bfa\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6740\u654c\u6216\u727a\u7272\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u62a5\u507f\uff1a\u201c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u2026\u2026\u662f\u8428\u62c9\u68ee\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff1a\u2018\u6740\u6b7b\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u654c\u4eba\u6240\u6740\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5929\u5802\u2019\u3002\u2026\u2026(\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bb8\u8bfa\u4e86)\u5176\u4ed6\u8352\u8c2c\u548c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d\u800c\u5c3c\u57fa\u5854\u65af\u5219\u662f\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u4e0d\u77e5\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5f80\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u7406\u8bba\u8fa9\uff0c\u300a\u8fa9\u9a73\u4e66\u300b\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u6574\u7406\u96c6\u5f55\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4e0e\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u9010\u4e00\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u6218\u4e89\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u795e\u7684\u6388\u610f\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u6740\u622e\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u65e0\u8bba\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6076\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u901a\u8fc7\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d4e\u7f6a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u540e\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u598210\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5e1d\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u4e03\u4e16(Constantine VII\uff0c919-959\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u5728\u5176\u653f\u8bba\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u5e1d\u56fd\u6cbb\u7406\u300b(De Administrando Imperio)\u4e2d\u4fbf\u7528\u4e24\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u52a0\u6218\u4e89\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u201c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u201d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3001\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6b64\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4f17\u5984\u79f0\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u6740\u654c\u8005\u6216\u727a\u7272\u8005\u5c06\u6b65\u5165\u5929\u5802\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u540d\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6301\u6279\u5224\u548c\u9a73\u65a5\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f02\u6559\u6216\u5f02\u7aef\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u4ee5\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u897f\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3a\u65d7\u53f7\u53d1\u52a8\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6279\u9a73\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e1c\u897f\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u300011\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6536\u590d\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u4e3a\u65d7\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u897f\u6b27\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8(1096-1291\u5e74)\u62c9\u5f00\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002\u57281071\u5e74\u585e\u5c14\u67f1\u7a81\u53a5\u4eba\u5360\u9886\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9003\u56de\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56db\u5904\u6e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u5ba3\u626c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u5723\u57ce\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u6467\u6b8b\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u62ff\u8d77\u6b66\u5668\u4e0e\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u4f5c\u6218\u30021095\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u4e4c\u5c14\u73ed\u4e8c\u4e16(Urban II\uff0c1088-1099\u5e74\u5728\u4efb)\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u8363\u5149\u800c\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u201c\u4e0e\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u4e27\u751f\uff0c\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u8d66\u514d\u6240\u6709\u7f6a\u5b7d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u300011-13\u4e16\u7eaa\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u897f\u6b27\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u6559\u4fd7\u4eba\u58eb\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5c06\u58eb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5ba3\u4f20\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u601d\u60f3\u9010\u6e10\u4e3a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u7eb3\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u76f4\u6307\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6388\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6218\u4e89\u7f18\u7531\u3002\u516c\u4e3b\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5a1c\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u662f\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u53f2\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5979\u5728\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u4f5c\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u5a1c\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u72e1\u733e\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7528\u2018\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u2019\u9f13\u52a8\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6765\u53ec\u96c6\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u5723\u5893\uff0c\u6253\u51fb\u8428\u62c9\u68ee\u4eba\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u4eba\u96c6\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u51c6\u5907\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u3002\u5b89\u5a1c\u516c\u4e3b\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7687\u5ba4\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7528\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8d77\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7f18\u7531\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u9119\u5937\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u58eb\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u00b7\u65af\u63d0\u4fc4\u5e87\u65af(Constantine Stilbes\uff0c\u7ea612\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u81f313\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6)\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u6240\u5ba3\u626c\u7684\u201c\u8d4e\u7f6a\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\u6279\u5224\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u5f7b\u5e95\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5230\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u4e00\u6240\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u52a9\u796d\u548c\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u662f\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u653b\u9677\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5141\u8bb8\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8fdb\u884c\u6740\u622e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb8\u8bfa\u6b64\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u58eb\u5e94\u8be5\u906d\u5230\u8c34\u8d23\uff1b\u62c9\u4e01\u4eba\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u88ab\u6740\u5374\u5984\u60f3\u83b7\u5f97\u5723\u6d01\u3001\u8fdb\u5165\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u8fd9\u591a\u4e48\u8352\u8c2c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e27\u751f\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3001\u6740\u622e\u7b49\u90aa\u6076\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u897f\u90e8\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7684\u5c06\u58eb\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f6a\u6076\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u62a5\u507f\u548c\u5609\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u732e\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7cbe\u82f1\u4ece\u6559\u4e49\u5c42\u9762\u5bf9\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u897f\u5f81\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9a73\u65a5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u8d77\u662f\u795e\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5f81\u670d\u5f02\u6559\u548c\u5f02\u7aef\u6d3e\u522b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u5411\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4fe1\u4f17\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7cbe\u795e\u62a5\u507f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u5bf9\u6297\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u8d66\u514d\u7f6a\u6076\u3001\u76f4\u8fbe\u5929\u5802\u7684\u901a\u9014\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u897f\u5f81\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5b97\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000<strong>\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7279\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u53e4\u65f6\u671f\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e76\u672a\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5f0f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u3002\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6307\u5bfc\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0e\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u76f8\u5bf9\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u201c\u6740\u622e\u8005\u4e0d\u6d01\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e1c\u90e8\u6559\u7236\u5723\u74e6\u897f\u91cc(Basil of Caesarea\uff0c\u7ea6330-379\u5e74)\u5728\u5199\u7ed9\u540c\u50da\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u65e2\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec(\u58eb\u5175)\u7684\u53cc\u624b\u5df2\u88ab\u73b7\u6c61\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5e94\u8be5\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\u6212\u9886\u5723\u9910\u3002\u201d4\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300a\u5e0c\u6ce2\u5229\u56fe\u65af\u6559\u8c15\u300b(Canons of Hippolytus\uff0c\u7ea6\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e336-340\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u57c3\u53ca)\u4e5f\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3a\u5175\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u53d7\u5230\u9996\u9886\u7684\u5200\u5251\u80c1\u8feb\u3002\u4ed6\u867d\u4e0d\u72af\u4e0b\u6740\u622e\u4e4b\u7f6a\uff0c\u5374\u7684\u786e\u6740\u4e86\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5f97\u53c2\u52a0\u5f25\u6492\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u7ecf\u53d7\u8d23\u7f5a\u3001\u75db\u82e6\u547b\u541f\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u6d17\u6da4\u7f6a\u6076\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u58eb\u62ff\u8d77\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u6740\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u6d01\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u73b7\u6c61\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u7c73\u54c8\u4f0a\u5c14\u00b7\u5947\u9c81\u62c9\u91cc\u4e4c\u65af(Michael I Cerularius\uff0c1043-1059\u5e74\u5728\u4efb)\u5c31\u5bf9\u897f\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5217\u4e3e\u897f\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8c2c\u8bef\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5c31\u662f\u65a5\u8d23\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u58eb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6740\u622e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u00b7\u65af\u63d0\u4fc4\u5e87\u65af\u5728\u300a\u62c9\u4e01\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u6709\u8c34\u8d23\uff1a\u201c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u53cd\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9b\u5949\u5723\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u5374\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u53cc\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u6740\u622e\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u540c\u6559\u58eb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5a1c\u5bf9\u6b64\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff1a\u201c\u62c9\u4e01\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u58eb\u5b88\u5219\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\u548c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u6559\u8bf2\u544a\u8beb\u6211\u4eec\u2018\u4e0d\u8981\u78b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5360\u6709\uff01\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u62c5\u5f53\u5723\u804c\u2019\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c9\u4e01\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u5de6\u81c2\u4e3e\u8d77\u62a4\u76fe\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u63e1\u7740\u77db\u67aa\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u60f3\u89e6\u6478\u5723\u5668\u3001\u63a5\u9886\u5723\u9910\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u6740\u6c14\u817e\u817e\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5927\u536b\u5723\u6b4c\u4e2d\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u2018\u55dc\u8840\u4e4b\u4eba\u2019\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91ce\u86ee\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5bf9\u795e\u5723\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u3002(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528145938427.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>)\u201d<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u58eb\u53c2\u4e0e\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u201c\u6740\u622e\u8005\u4e0d\u6d01\u201d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4e1c\u7586\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u9886\u53d7\u5230\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5f0f\u795e\u5723\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u6548\u4eff\u548c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u906d\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u6559\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b88\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u768410\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u4f2f\u5229\u57c3\u4e4c\u514b\u7279\u65af(Polyeuktos)\u51b3\u8bae\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4ee5\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e1c\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u575a\u5b88\u3002\u57289\u300110\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e1c\u7586\u963f\u7eb3\u6258\u5229\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8d35\u65cf\u5728\u957f\u671f\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u7684\u8fb9\u5883\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u58eb\u5175\u53c2\u6218\u524d\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u52a8\u5458\u8bdd\u8bed\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u519b\u961f\u5175\u6e90\u548c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u840c\u751f\u6548\u4eff\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5c06\u519b\u51fa\u8eab\u3001\u957f\u671f\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u6218\u7ebf\u4e0a\u51b2\u950b\u9677\u9635\u7684\u5c3c\u57fa\u5f17\u9c81\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16(Nicephoros II Phocas\uff0c963-969\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u5728\u767b\u57fa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u89c6\u4e3a\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u8981\u519b\u4e8b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e1c\u90e8\u6218\u7ebf\u7684\u5c40\u52bf\u4e9f\u9700\u6218\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u5175\u6e90\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u6559\u4f1a\u63d0\u8bae\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e0e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u519b\u58eb\u7cbe\u795e\u5956\u52b1\uff1a\u201c\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u6388\u4e88\u5728\u5bf9\u6297\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u727a\u7272\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4ee5\u2018\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\u2019\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u8d5e\u9882\u548c\u62a5\u507f\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u7acb\u523b\u906d\u5230\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7267\u9996\u4f2f\u5229\u57c3\u4e4c\u514b\u7279\u65af\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u5143\u8001\u9662\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6740\u4eba\u6216\u88ab\u6740\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u554a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u6b89\u9053\u58eb\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u7684\u6559\u8c15\u65e9\u5df2\u505a\u51fa\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u5e94\u7981\u9886\u5723\u9910\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8d4e\u7f6a\u3002\u201d\u788d\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u5c3c\u57fa\u5f17\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u798f\u5361\u65af\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u6740\u4eba\u8005\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u7981\u9886\u5723\u9910\u201d\u7684\u6559\u8c15\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ee5\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u8f96\u533a\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e1c\u90e8\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6559\u8c15\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5728\u7687\u5e1d\u66fc\u52aa\u57c3\u5c14\u4e00\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u7267\u9996\u4f1a\u8bae\u66fe\u5c31\u4e00\u9879\u95ee\u8be2\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u8bae\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u961f\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u5230\u5723\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9a\u5927\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u8ffd\u6355\u5e76\u51fb\u6740\u4e86\u4e00\u4f19\u76d7\u532a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5411\u7267\u9996\u4f1a\u8bae\u95ee\u8be2\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u53d7\u8d23\u7f5a\u3002\u7267\u9996\u4f1a\u8bae\u867d\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5949\u547d\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u6559\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u9886\u5723\u9910\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c6\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5426\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u81ea\u89c6\u4e3a\u5929\u9009\u4e4b\u6c11\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u65bd\u4ee5\u63f4\u624b\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e87\u62a4\u6027\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u795e\u4f51\u201d(<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528146114654.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528146207708.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>)\u4e00\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u6982\u62ec\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u4fbf\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u7f18\u7531\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8c05\u89e3\u4e43\u81f3\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16\u5728\u300a\u6218\u672f\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ee5\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u62b5\u5fa1\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u654c\u8fdb\u72af\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4ec1\u6148\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4e00\u540c\u4f5c\u6218\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdc\u5f81\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u83b7\u80dc\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5728\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e3e\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u795e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u76f8\u52a9\u4ed6\u5728\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4eba\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u8c01\u5148\u6311\u8d77\u4e0d\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u8c01\u7ec8\u5c06\u4e27\u5931\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u201d\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u634d\u536b\u548c\u6062\u590d\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7586\u57df\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u7687\u5e1d\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u610f\u56fe\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6574\u987f\u519b\u5fc3\u3001\u9f13\u821e\u519b\u961f\u58eb\u6c14\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u60a6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u5723\u6bcd\u548c\u5723\u5f92\uff0c\u4ee5\u7948\u6c42\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e88\u652f\u6301\u3001\u5e87\u62a4\u548c\u63f4\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4ece4\u30015\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u5bf9\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u683c\u5916\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95(Socrates Scholasticus)\u5728\u300a\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5927\u5e1d\u4e1c\u5f81\u65f6\u671f\u547d\u4eba\u968f\u519b\u643a\u5e26\u5f62\u4f3c\u6559\u5802\u7684\u5e10\u7bf7\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u5e10\u7bf7\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6c99\u6f20\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6218\u524d\u7977\u544a\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u636e\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u53f2\u5bb6\u7d22\u4f50\u95e8(Sozomene)\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e34\u65f6\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u5e10\u7bf7\u4e2d\u6709\u4e3b\u6301\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5f15\u9886\u5c06\u58eb\u4eec\u5531\u8bf5\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u7977\u544a\u3001\u5f00\u5c55\u5f25\u6492\u30025\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e1c\u90e8\u585e\u52d2\u65af\u57ce\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u585e\u5965\u591a\u96f7(Theodoret of Cyrus)\u8fd8\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u8981\u585e\u548c\u5821\u5792\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u961f\u58eb\u5175\u4e5f\u914d\u6709\u65bd\u884c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u4e8b\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u968f\u519b\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u5802\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u7687\u5e1d(Maurice\uff0c582-602\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u548c\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16\u7687\u5e1d\u5206\u522b\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u6597\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e24\u5929\u91cc\uff0c\u6559\u58eb\u8981\u4e3a\u519b\u65d7\u8d50\u798f\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u8d50\u798f\u540e\u7684\u519b\u65d7\u4ea4\u7ed9\u519b\u961f\u7684\u65d7\u624b\u3002\u5229\u5965\u516d\u4e16\u8fd8\u63d0\u5021\u5728\u6d77\u519b\u51fa\u822a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u58eb\u4e3e\u884c\u793c\u62dc\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u541f\u8bf5\u7977\u6587\uff0c\u7948\u7977\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5e87\u4f51\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u987a\u5229\u6297\u654c\u3002\u74e6\u897f\u91cc\u4e8c\u4e16\u7687\u5e1d(Basil II\uff0c976-1025\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u5c06\u519b\u5c3c\u57fa\u5f17\u9c81\u65af\u00b7\u4e4c\u62c9\u8bfa\u65af(Nikephoros Ouranos)\u5728\u5176\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u6218\u672f\u300b\u4e2d\u70b9\u660e\u7948\u7977\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u654c\u4eba\u903c\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u65b9\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u540d\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u987b\u5ff5\u8bf5\u575a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7977\u6587\uff0c\u2018\u6211\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u8bf7\u8d50\u4e88\u6211\u4eec\u6148\u60b2\uff0c\u963f\u95e8\u2019\u201d\uff1b\u5f53\u6218\u6597\u7684\u53f7\u89d2\u5439\u54cd\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u58eb\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u5ff5\u8bf5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7977\u6587\uff0c\u201c\u8bf7\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u503c\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u5144\u5f1f\u8d74\u6c64\u8e48\u706b\uff0c\u8bf7\u575a\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f53\u9b44\uff0c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u738b\uff0c\u7eaf\u51c0\u65e0\u7455\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\uff0c\u8bf8\u4f4d\u5723\u5f92\uff0c\u963f\u95e8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u3001\u5723\u9ad1\u3001\u5723\u50cf\u7b49\u795e\u5723\u5668\u7269\u4e5f\u88ab\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u80fd\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e88\u6301\u6709\u65b9\u5e87\u62a4\u548c\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u4ece\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5e87\u62a4\u906d\u5230\u56f4\u56f0\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5982626\u5e74\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u906d\u5230\u963f\u74e6\u5c14\u4eba\u56f4\u653b\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u6709\u503e\u8986\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u5bb6\u585e\u5965\u6cd5\u5c3c\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5723\u50cf\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\u4e0b\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u51fb\u9000\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u4ece10\u4e16\u7eaa\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u56fe\u6848\u88ab\u7ed8\u5236\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u65d7\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u5c06\u58eb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62a4\u8eab\u7b26\u968f\u8eab\u4f69\u5e26\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6587\u4eba\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u8d1f\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u598210\u4e16\u7eaa\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u7f16\u5e74\u53f2\u5bb6\u52a9\u796d\u5229\u5965(Leo the Deacon)\u66fe\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c971\u5e74\u7687\u5e1d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e00\u4e16(John I Tzimiskes\uff0c969-976\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u7387\u9886\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u961f\u4e0e\u57fa\u8f85\u7f57\u65af\u519b\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u952e\u6218\u6597\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7687\u5e1d\u7ecf\u5e38\u5411\u6b66\u5723\u5f92\u585e\u5965\u591a\u5229(Theodore Stratelates)\u7948\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u540e\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u573a\u51b2\u950b\u9677\u9635\u3001\u51fb\u6e83\u654c\u519b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u539f\u672c\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u961f\u83b7\u53d6\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u51c6\u5907\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u95ee\u795e\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6218\u4e89\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7\u79d1\u7a46\u5b81\u5a1c\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u57281116\u5e74\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u7f57\u59c6\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd(Sultanate of<img src=\"https:\/\/www.cssn.cn\/lsx\/lsx_sjs\/202210\/W020221024528146273595.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>)\u7684\u6218\u6597\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u66fe\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7528\u5175\u65b9\u5411\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fdb\u653b\u654c\u4eba\u9996\u90fd\u4f0a\u79d1\u5c3c\u4e4c\u59c6(Iconium)\u8fd8\u662f\u83f2\u6d1b\u6885\u9686(Philomelion)\u5730\u533a\u4e3e\u68cb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u95ee\u795e\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u8fdb\u653b\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6218\u6597\u80dc\u5229\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u201c\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u667a\u3001\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5199\u5728\u4e24\u5f20\u7eb8\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u7eb8\u653e\u5728\u5723\u575b\u4e0a\u3002\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u591c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u541f\u8bf5\u8d5e\u7f8e\u8bd7\u548c\u7948\u7977\u6587\u3002\u9ece\u660e\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u7267\u9996\u6765\u53d6\u4e0b\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\uff0c\u5f53\u4f17\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u7eb8\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\u7687\u5e1d\u9700\u53d6\u9053\u83f2\u6d1b\u6885\u9686\u3002\u201d\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u83f2\u6d1b\u6885\u9686\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u961f\u5728\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u7684\u7387\u9886\u4e0b\u51fb\u6e83\u7f57\u59c6\u82cf\u4e39\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u82cf\u4e39\u6c42\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5bf9\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u53f2\u5bb6\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u539f\u56e0\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u591f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u662f\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u6e0e\u795e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5bab\u5ef7\u53f2\u5bb6\u30011204\u5e74\u541b\u58eb\u5766\u4e01\u5821\u9677\u843d\u7684\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u5c3c\u57fa\u5854\u65af\u00b7\u4faf\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8fea\u65af(Niketas Choniates)\u5728\u8bb2\u8ff0\u662f\u5e742\u6708\u201c\u95f7\u95f7\u4e0d\u4e50\u201d\u7684\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4e94\u4e16(Alexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos\uff0c1204\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d)\u51fa\u57ce\u8fce\u6218\u62c9\u4e01\u4eba\u7684\u6e83\u8d25\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u961f\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u5931\u5229\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e\u5df1\u65b9\u6559\u58eb\u4e0d\u614e\u8ba9\u62c9\u4e01\u4eba\u593a\u53bb\u4e86\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5723\u50cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5723\u6bcd\u739b\u5229\u4e9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u519b\u961f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e87\u4f51\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e45\u5723\u50cf\u7684\u9057\u5931\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u963f\u83b1\u514b\u4fee\u65af\u4e94\u4e16\u5e73\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6e0e\u795e\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u5728\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u7948\u7977\u795e\u52a9\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5f81\u670d\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u8fdb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u795e\u4e4b\u540d\u3001\u4e3a\u795e\u800c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6da4\u9664\u7f6a\u6076\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u4eba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6218\u4e89\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\u795e\u610f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u4f51\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000<strong>\u7ed3\u8bba\u3000<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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