{"id":39646,"date":"2024-11-20T11:41:48","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T03:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39646"},"modified":"2024-11-20T11:41:48","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T03:41:48","slug":"%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%b7%9e%e9%99%85%e9%ab%98%e9%80%9f%e5%85%ac%e8%b7%af%e9%93%ba%e8%ae%be%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%8d%e6%97%8f%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=39646","title":{"rendered":"\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dde\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u94fa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"content_head\">\n<div class=\"head_intro clear\">\n<div class=\"intro_left fl\">\u00a0<span class=\"qt_article_author\">\u4f5c\u8005: \u8463\u4fca<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<span class=\"qt_article_source\">\u6765\u6e90: \u53f2\u5b66\u96c6\u520a<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"content_center\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000<span style=\"font-family: 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revolts)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c6\u8fc1\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u516c\u8def\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u9cde\u6b21\u6809\u6bd4\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u533a\u57df\u94fa\u8bbe\u7ed3\u6784\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u635f\u4f24\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u623f\u5c4b\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u56e0\u516c\u8def\u4fee\u5efa\u800c\u906d\u5230\u62c6\u6bc1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u793e\u533a\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u89c4\u5212\u6781\u5176\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u8ba9\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u65e2\u62c6\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u8272\u79cd\u65cf\u793e\u533a\u53c8\u5b8c\u5584\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4fee\u5efa\u800c\u642c\u8fc1\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5408\u7406\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8865\u52a9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u516c\u8def\u4fee\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u5916\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u53d7\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6709\u8272\u79cd\u65cf\u5927\u591a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ea4\u901a\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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align=\"justify\">\u3000<strong>\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5dde\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fee\u5efa\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u201c\u516c\u8def\u6539\u826f\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d(Good Roads Movement)\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u521d\u7531\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5021\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6539\u5584\u4e61\u6751\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5ba3\u4f20\u673a\u6784\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u4e0b\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4fee\u5efa\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u2465\u300a1916\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u63f4\u5efa\u9053\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u5dde\u5408\u4f5c\u4fee\u5efa\u516c\u8def\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6388\u6743\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u957f\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u5dde\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0e\u5404\u5dde\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e61\u6751\u90ae\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u5dde\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u5dde\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\u201d(State highway department)\u662f\u6307\u7531\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u2466\u5728\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u76841914\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u670933\u4e2a\u5dde\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u52301919\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5dde\u90fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u24671918\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u519b\u7528\u8fd0\u8f93\u5267\u589e\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u7528\u9014\u7684\u666e\u901a\u516c\u8def\u4e5f\u627f\u8f7d\u8fc7\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u975e\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e5f\u5728\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u826f\u597d\u9053\u8def\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u2468\u300a1921\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u5dde\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u7ec6\u5316\u4e86\u201c\u5dde\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u90e8\u95e8\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u5dde\u7ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3001\u5c40\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u6743\u529b\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u201d\u201chighway\u201d\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8def\u6743(rights of way)\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u6392\u6c34\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8def\u6807\u3001\u62a4\u680f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u516c\u8def\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u57ce\u5e02\u9053\u8def\u3002\u24691916\u5e74\u548c1921\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u63f4\u5efa\u516c\u8def\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u63f4\u5efa\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u300020\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u54c8\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u80e1\u4f5b\u548c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u9053\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c(11)\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6536\u8d39\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u5d07\u8005\u30021938\u5e742\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u53ec\u89c1\u516c\u5171\u9053\u8def\u5c40(Bureau of Public Roads)(12)\u5c40\u957f\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3(Thomas McDonald)\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u9053\u8def\u4fee\u5efa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u4e00\u5e45\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u753b\u4e863\u6761\u4e1c\u897f\u8d70\u5411\u548c5\u6761\u5357\u5317\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c9f\u901a\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u57284\u670816\u65e5\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u8f86\u7684\u987a\u7545\u901a\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u8def\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u507f\u8fd8\u878d\u8d44\u7684\u503a\u5238\uff0c\u6536\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u57df\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6536\u8d39\u6765\u507f\u8fd8\u503a\u5238\u3002(13)6\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a1938\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u63f4\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u516c\u5171\u9053\u8def\u5c40\u63d0\u4ea4\u5efa\u7acb\u4ece\u4e1c\u5230\u897f\u3001\u4ece\u5317\u5230\u5357\u54043\u6761\u6536\u8d39\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u62a5\u544a\u3002(14)\u516c\u5171\u9053\u8def\u5c40\u57281939\u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300a\u6536\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u4e0e\u514d\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u300b\u4e2d\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u56e0\u878d\u8d44\u95ee\u9898\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6536\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u56fd\u9632\u548c\u672a\u6765\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\u4ea4\u901a\u62e5\u6324\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6539\u5584\u4ea4\u901a\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u57ce\u5e02\u8857\u9053\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u95ee\u9898\u3002(15)\u5982\u679c\u8bf41939\u5e74\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u57ce\u5e02\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u968f\u540e\u7684\u300a1944\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u63f4\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\u5219\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u57ce\u5e02\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u57ce\u5e02\u9053\u8def\u7eb3\u5165\u63f4\u5efa\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u8981\u94fa\u8bbe4\u4e07\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5dde\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf(National System of Interstate Highways)\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u5e02\u533a\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u56fd\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u3002(16)\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u6848\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u4e3a\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=2201882198,907996845&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=640&amp;h=456\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u94fa\u8bbe\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6108\u52a0\u51f8\u663e\uff1a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u90ca\u533a\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u826f\u597d\u9053\u8def\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u671d\u9c9c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u91cd\u70b9\u8f6c\u56de\u5230\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\uff1b(17)\u800c\u4e14\u5f7c\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5fb7\u6000\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u603b\u7edf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u4e34\u6218\u758f\u6563\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6838\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u660e\u667a\u9009\u62e9\u3002(18)50\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a1956\u5e74\u8054\u90a6\u63f4\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u5927\u5e55\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u6279\u51c6248.25\u4ebf\u7f8e\u91d1\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u572813\u5e74\u5185(1957-1969)\u94fa\u8bbe4.1\u4e07\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u5dde\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u8def\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u4efd\u989d\u9ad8\u8fbe90\uff05\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1(Highway Trust Fund)\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u8f6e\u80ce\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u71c3\u6599\u7b49\u4e0e\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u8f86\u76f8\u5173\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u3002(19)\u8fd9\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u9996\u6b21\u5c06\u5bf9\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7a0e\u7528\u4e8e\u63f4\u52a9\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u6309\u9700\u4ed8\u8d39\u201d(pay- as-you-go)\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u516c\u8def\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u957f\u671f\u63f4\u52a9\u3002(20)\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u9632\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8be5\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5dde\u9645\u53ca\u9632\u5fa1\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d(National System of Interstate and Defense Highways)\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u8ba9\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fee\u5efa\u7a7f\u8fc7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u623f\u5c4b\u62c6\u9664\u3001\u793e\u533a\u7834\u574f\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u642c\u8fc1\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002(21)\u88ab\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7a7f\u63d2\u800c\u8fc7\u7684\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u623f\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u4f1a\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u8feb\u642c\u8fc1\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u3002(22)\u81ea1956\u5e74\u6cd5\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u52301967\u5e74\uff0c10\u5e74\u95f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u8d85\u8fc730\u4e07\u6237\u5c45\u6c11\u56e0\u4fee\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u800c\u642c\u8fc1\u3002(23)\u5728\u9009\u5740\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u89c4\u5212\u8005\u6709\u610f\u8ba9\u9ad8\u901f\u8def\u7ebf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7a77\u4eba\u533a\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4(\u591a\u4e3a\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba)\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2b\u56f0\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5730\u4ef7\u5f80\u5f80\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5bcc\u88d5\u793e\u533a\uff1b\u5bcc\u88d5\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u901a\u5e38\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u9ad8\u901f\u8def\u7ebf\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u5c06\u94fa\u8bbe\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u770b\u4f5c\u62c6\u9664\u9ed1\u4eba\u533a\u7684\u5927\u597d\u673a\u4f1a\u3002(24)\u6240\u4ee5\u56e0\u4fee\u5efa\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u800c\u642c\u8fc1\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5927\u591a\u662f\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u5229\u7528\u4fee\u5efa\u57ce\u5e02\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u62c6\u9664\u57ce\u5e02\u8870\u8d25\u533a\u57df\u6765\u590d\u5174\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u65e9\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u9053\u8def\u5c401939\u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300a\u6536\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u4e0e\u514d\u8d39\u516c\u8def\u300b\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u88ab\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u5360\u636e\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u6839\u9664\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u6d41\u901a\u817e\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002(25)\u201c\u5927\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7f14\u9020\u8005\u201d\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6469\u897f(Robert Moses)(26)\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u8d5e\u540c\u62c6\u9664\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u4e3a\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u817e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6574\u7247\u533a\u57df\u7684\u590d\u5174\u3002(27)\u81ea\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u4fbf\u6709\u5927\u6279\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u9ed1\u4eba\u53d7\u6218\u65f6\u519b\u5de5\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u8fc1\u5f99\u5230\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u53c8\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c9\u52a8\u9ed1\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c(28)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ed1\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u88ab\u767d\u4eba\u9057\u5f03\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9ad8\u901f\u8def\u7ebf\u7a7f\u8fc7\u767d\u4eba\u5de5\u85aa\u9636\u5c42\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u4fee\u5efa\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u5728\u5dde\u9645\u9ad8\u901f\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f4f\u623f\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5802\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u3002(29)<\/p>\n<p 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