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1892\u5e74\u7ebd\u7ea6\u970d\u4e71\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u6570\u5c11\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u6709\u9650\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u6cbb\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5f52\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u5ba2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u75ab\u60c5\u9632\u6cbb\u8fd8\u6210\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u8fc7\u540e\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u79fb\u6c11\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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1892\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5e2d\u5377\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u30026\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u8086\u8650\u7684\u91cd\u707e\u533a\u3002\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u60ca\u4eba\u768462\u4e07\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u8d85\u8fc730\u4e07\u3002[4]\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u897f\u59c6\u62c9\u3001\u4f0a\u6717\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u57ce\u5e02\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u7206\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u3002[5]\u9274\u4e8e\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u6b27\u6d32\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u9020\u6210\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e02\u573a\u9971\u548c\uff0c\u538b\u4f4e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u62c5\u30021888\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u515a\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee(Benjamin Harrison)\u5728\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u7eb3\u6ce2\u5229\u65af\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u505a\u4e86\u751f\u52a8\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u6b22\u8fce\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u62d3\u8352\u8005\u671f\u5f85\u6bd4\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u66f4\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u52b3\u5de5\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e14\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u591a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u90a3\u6bb5\u5149\u666f\u5df2\u7136\u901d\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u5408\u9002\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u655e\u5f00\u56fd\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u7279\u522b\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u6765\u5230\u672c\u56fd\u6216\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u201d[11]1892\u5e74\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8d74\u7f8e\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u5bf9\u4ed8\u519b\u961f\u6216\u761f\u75ab\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u7fa4\u4eba\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6d8c\u5165\u3002\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u4eba\u3001\u8d2b\u56f0\u8005\u548c\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u957f\u90fd\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u516c\u5171\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u201d[12]\u5728\u5c31\u4e1a\u7ade\u4e89\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u8bdf\u75c5\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96be\u4ee5\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u30021892\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u9a91\u58eb\u56e2\u9886\u8896\u7279\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u9c8d\u5fb7\u5229(Terence Powderly)\u6beb\u4e0d\u8bb3\u8a00\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u81f4\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002[13]\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u4e5f\u6301\u7c7b\u4f3c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u6392\u65a5\u5f02\u65cf\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u540c\u5316\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002\u201d[14]\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1c\u6b27\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u4ee4\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5c24\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u5f52\u5316\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u30021892\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u300a\u70db\u53f0\u300b(The Menorah)\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u65af\u6d3e\u683c(William Sparger)\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8a00\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fc4\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\uff0c\u50cf\u5176\u5c11\u6570\u5148\u8f88\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u5ba3\u626c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e9a\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684\u54c8\u897f\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u538b\u69a8\u3001\u8feb\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u673a\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u6bd2\u7624\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u541e\u566c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u673a\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201d[15]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u5c06\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u7684\u5185\u751f\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u201c\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u970d\u4e71\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u201c\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u201d\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u968f\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ebd\u7ea6\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u75ab\u60c5\u8fc7\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u9a71\u9010\u970d\u4e71\u201d\uff1a\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u68c0\u75ab<\/p>\n
19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u6765\u66f4\u52a0\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u7ecf\u8d38\u8054\u7cfb\u65e5\u76ca\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e3a\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u4e24\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e4b\u95e8\u30021892\u5e748\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u5ba3\u5e03\u5f53\u5730\u7206\u53d1\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u6c49\u5821\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u6570\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u5f52\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u5ba2\u542f\u7a0b\u8d74\u7f8e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u7ecf\u8d38\u5f80\u6765\u6700\u4e3a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u5c81\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8d22\u653f\u6536\u5165\u7684\u534a\u6570\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e8e\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5165\u5883\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9762\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7387\u5148\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u30028\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8a79\u91d1\u65af(William Jenkins)\u53d1\u5e03\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u536b\u751f\u68c0\u75ab\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u75ab\u533a\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u6216\u627f\u8f7d\u6765\u81ea\u75ab\u533a\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u6263\u75593\uff5e5\u5929\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u75ab\u3002[16]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5916\u9886\u4e8b\u5bf9\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u5c55\u5f00\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u536b\u751f\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u75ab\u533a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u81f3\u5c11\u9694\u79bb5\u5929\u3002[17]\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u201c\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65c5\u5ba2\u6240\u8d2d\u4e70\u8231\u4f4d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8239\u8231\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u7b49\u5ba2\u8231\u3001\u4e8c\u7b49\u5ba2\u8231\u548c\u7edf\u8231\uff0c\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5206\u4e3a\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u548c\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u3002\u4e00\u7b49\u8231\u548c\u4e8c\u7b49\u8231\u7968\u4ef7\u4e0d\u83f2\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bbd\u655e\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u996e\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u8f83\u597d\uff1b\u7edf\u8231\u7968\u4ef7\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u591a\u662f\u901a\u94fa\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u6076\u52a3\uff0c\u901a\u98ce\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u8d74\u7f8e\u7684\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5219\u591a\u4e3a\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5f52\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u5ba2\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f8\u670826\u65e5\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u536b\u751f\u68c0\u75ab\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5747\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u75ab\u533a\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u68c0\u75ab\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u6240\u6301\u7684\u7406\u7531\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e43\u662f\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u53f2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u996e\u98df\u6761\u4ef6\u597d\u7684\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4ece\u672a\u4f20\u64ad\u970d\u4e71\uff1b\u970d\u4e71\u603b\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u5e38\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fdd\u6301\u536b\u751f\u3002\u201d[18]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u672a\u5fc5\u5c5e\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u68c0\u75ab\u7684\u6700\u597d\u501f\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u5916\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u8fc5\u901f\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u30029\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u767d\u5bab\u53ec\u5f00\u5185\u9601\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u6d77\u6d0b\u533b\u9662\u670d\u52a1\u90e8(Marine Hospital Service)\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u6000\u66fc(Walter Wyman)\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u9632\u6b62\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u68c0\u75ab\u7ba1\u5236\u300b(Quarantine Restrictions Upon Immigration to Aid in the Prevention of the Introduction of Cholera into the United States)\u7684\u516c\u544a\uff0c\u516c\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u9664\u975e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e3a\u671f20\u5929\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\u4e14\u627f\u8f7d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5ef6\u957f\u68c0\u75ab\u671f\u9650\u3002\u201d[19]\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u75ab\u533a\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u5219\u5c06\u68c0\u75ab\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u82e5\u4ece20\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u3002\u7ecf\u8425\u79fb\u6c11\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u6b64\u6d1e\u82e5\u89c2\u706b\u3002\u6c49\u5821\u2014\u7ebd\u7ea6\u90ae\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6b27\u6d32\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f7b\u5e95\u5931\u53bb\u79fb\u6c11\u751f\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u8d40\u4e4b\u635f\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u751f\u610f\u7684\u6708\u5229\u6da6\u662f10\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u6c49\u5821\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7edf\u8231\u8fd0\u8f93\u751f\u610f\u3002\u201d[20] 9\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u603b\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u95f4\u63a5\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u201d[21]\u9762\u5bf9\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u53d1\u5e0320\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u5c06\u68c0\u75ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u9009\u7968\u7684\u7b79\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u884c\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\uff0c\u62ac\u9ad8\u8fd0\u8f93\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u8f6e\u8239\u516c\u53f8\u505c\u6b62\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd0\u9001\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e89\u53d6\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u75ab\u60c5\u6cbb\u7406\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u662f\u6709\u6548\u9884\u9632\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u768420\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u906d\u5230\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u53d1\u5e03\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6d89\u8db3\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u5411\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u4ee3\u7406\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u6839(John W\uff0eHogan)\u8be2\u95ee\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u68c0\u75ab\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u804c\u6743\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u56de\u590d\u662f\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u5224\u65ad\u51b3\u5b9a\u68c0\u75ab\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u987e\u5fcc\u603b\u7edf\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u4e0d\u5949\u884c20\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u5c14\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u53cd\u5bf9\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u68c0\u75ab\u516c\u544a\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u81ea\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u6743\u529b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u536b\u751f\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5766\u6155\u5c3c\u5385[22]\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7ebd\u7ea6\u68c0\u75ab\u7ad9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u95f4\u63a5\u638c\u63a7\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7684\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5766\u6155\u5c3c\u5385\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u67d3\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u8651\u53ca\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u8363\u8a89\u3002\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u536b\u751f\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u6025\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u624b\u753b\u811a\u3002[23]\u9a6c\u514b\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u8054\u90a6\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u5dde\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u5f88\u5feb\u4e3a\u4eba\u8bdf\u75c5\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u6f6e\u6c34\u822c\u6d8c\u6765\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u798f\u65af\u7279(Charles Foster)\u3001\u6000\u66fc\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ebd\u7ea6\u653f\u5ba2\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u514b\u7f57\u514b(RichardCroker)\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u6700\u7ec8\u540c\u610f\u9075\u5b8820\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u66fe\u5411\u7c73\u5207\u5c14\u00b7\u666e\u9c81\u767b(T.Mitchell Prudden)\u7b49\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u5bb6\u54a8\u8be2\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u767b\u662f\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u8d6b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5c06\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u666e\u9c81\u767b\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u53d6\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u9694\u79bb\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e25\u683c\u5f00\u5c55\u533b\u7597\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u4e0d\u4ec5\u672a\u91c7\u7eb3\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u6267\u884c\u68c0\u75ab\u65f6\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5bf9\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u4f18\u5f85\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e25\u82db\u3002\u8bfa\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53f7(Normannia)\u662f\u4e00\u8258\u65e2\u8f7d\u6709\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u53c8\u8f7d\u6709\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u5bf9\u8239\u4e0a\u4e58\u5ba2\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u68c0\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8bfa\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53f7\u662f\u8f6e\u8239\u5de8\u5934\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5df4\u6797(Albert Ballin)\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u6c49\u5821\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7ebf\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4e8e1890\u5e74\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\uff0c\u91cd8242\u5428\uff0c\u957f500\u82f1\u5c3a\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e9\u67083\u65e5\u9ec4\u660f\u62b5\u8fbe\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\uff0c\u8f7d\u6709267\u540d\u5934\u7b49\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c237\u540d\u4e8c\u7b49\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c555\u540d\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u548c320\u540d\u8239\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d2\u540d\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7591\u4f3c\u6b7b\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\uff1b\u7edf\u8231\u67093\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u53e6\u67094\u4f8b\u8f7b\u75c7\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u5c31\u68c0\u75ab\u65f6\u957f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bfa\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53f7\u4e0a\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\u671f\u662f20\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e3a14\u5929\u3002\u4ece\u68c0\u75ab\u5730\u70b9\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u5c9b(Hoffman Island)\u548c\u6d1b\u8425\u5730(Camp Low)\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5219\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u7f6e\u5728\u8239\u8231\u6216\u65c5\u9986\u4e2d\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u6309\u7167\u8a79\u91d1\u65af\u7684\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u788d\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e0d\u52a0\u63a9\u9970\u5730\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u68c0\u75ab\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u5e26\u6765\u8fc7\u970d\u4e71\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5f53\u65f6\u9677\u5165\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u5c40\u5341\u5206\u5fe7\u60e7\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u6211\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u767b\u5cb8\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u906d\u5230\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6050\u96be\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u9694\u79bb\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\u53ca\u8239\u4e0a\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u4fe1\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f85\u5728\u8f6e\u8239\u4e0a\u6bd4\u6211\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u66f4\u52a0\u8212\u9002\u3002\u201d[24]\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8c8c\u4f3c\u5802\u7687\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u671f\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u5bf9\u68c0\u75ab\u9887\u4e3a\u4e0d\u60a6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u5df4\u5170\u5766(S.L.Ballantine)\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5728\u81f4\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5ba2\u8231\u5e76\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5b9e\u65bd\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\u662f\u6781\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91ce\u86ee\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u5949\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u201d[25]\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5e15\u5c14\u9ed8(A.M.Palmer)\u57289\u67086\u65e5\u5411\u53cb\u4eba\u7f57\u4f2f\u900a\u533b\u751f\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u8bfa\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53f7\u7684\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5f00\u5c55\u8f6e\u8239\u6d88\u6bd2\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5148\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5f85\u8f6e\u8239\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u6bd2\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc1\u56de\u8239\u4e0a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5b89\u5168\u3002[26]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5bf9\u68c0\u75ab\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u4eab\u53d7\u7740\u6bd4\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u6b62\u62b1\u6028\u3002\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u5c9b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0b\u6e7e\uff0c\u5360\u5730\u7ea62\u82f1\u4ea9\uff0c\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5546\u4f1a\u533b\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u5c9b\u7684\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u68c0\u75ab\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5c9b\u4e0a\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u9f99\u5934\u8ddd\u6c34\u69fd\u5e95\u90e8\u5f88\u8fd1\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u69fd\u91cc\u53c8\u4e0d\u65f6\u5806\u79ef\u7740\u8150\u8d25\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6613\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6de1\u6c34\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6e05\u6d17\u8863\u7269\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6d77\u6c34\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5395\u6240\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u6d77\u6c34\u5df2\u88ab\u7caa\u4fbf\u6c61\u67d3\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u672a\u7ecf\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u6d88\u6bd2\u3002[27]\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u536b\u751f\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u7528\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u50cf\u5bf9\u5f85\u7272\u755c\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u5c5e\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u4e0d\u8bb2\u536b\u751f\uff0c\u80ae\u810f\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u88ab\u50cf\u91ce\u517d\u4e00\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u201d[28]\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u68c0\u75ab\u90e8\u95e8\u5c06\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u8f6e\u8239\u6216\u65c5\u9986\uff0c\u5374\u5c06\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u5c9b\u7b49\u4e0d\u6bdb\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4f18\u5f85\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u82db\u5f85\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8bb0\u8005\u963f\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u00b7\u5361\u6c49(Abraham Cahan)\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u9053\uff0c\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u201c\u5927\u58f0\u75be\u547c\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u54ed\u6ce3\u54c0\u53f7\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u547c\u5401\u601c\u60af\u5bcc\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u5f53\u5bcc\u4eba\u547c\u53eb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u547c\u767e\u5e94\u3002\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u5165\u4f4f\u9ad8\u6863\u65c5\u9986\uff1b\u800c\u7a77\u4eba\u5219\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u652f\u8d77\u5e10\u7bf7\uff0c\u642d\u8d77\u5e8a\u94fa\u201d\u3002[29]\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5bcc\u4eba\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u201c\u7a77\u4eba\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4f18\u5f85\u5ba2\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u82db\u5f85\u7edf\u8231\u79fb\u6c11\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u679c\u663e\u8457\u3002\u4ece1892\u5e748\u670831\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f8b\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u8f93\u5165\u523010\u670814\u65e5\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u5185\u970d\u4e71\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u603b\u6570\u4ec5\u4e3a10\u4eba\uff0c[30]\u8fd9\u81f3\u5c11\u8868\u660e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u68c0\u75ab\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6210\u6548\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c44\u540d\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u671f\u95f4\u6b7b\u4e8e\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ca\u65f6\u533b\u6cbb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e78\u514d\u4e8e\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u9694\u79bb\u671f\u95f4\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u901f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4ee5\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff1a\u75ab\u60c5\u8fc7\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6392\u65a5<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u957f\uff0c1892\u5e7410\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6050\u614c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u70df\u6d88\u4e91\u6563\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u970d\u4e71\u518d\u5ea6\u6765\u88ad\u4ecd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6b21\u5e74\u5c06\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7eaa\u5ff5\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a(World’s Columbian Exposition)\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u8fc5\u901f\u6293\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5929\u8d50\u826f\u673a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u9879\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
11\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u518d\u6b21\u6388\u6743\u5b9e\u65bd20\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u3002[31]\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u57289\u6708\u4efd\u5b9e\u65bd20\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u4e3b\u8981\u65e8\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6027\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u672a\u9762\u4e34\u970d\u4e71\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u5219\u663e\u7136\u6709\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u8003\u91cf\u300211\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u793e\u8bba\u9690\u6666\u5730\u5c06\u65b0\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u4e0e\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u6302\u94a9\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\u524d\u5915\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u9879\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9887\u5177\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u5473\u3002\u201d[32]\u5317\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u822a\u8fd0\u516c\u53f8(North German Lloyd Steamship Line)\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u5e03(Gustav Schwab)\u5219\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u626f\u4e0b\u4e86\u65b0\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u7684\u9762\u5177\uff0c\u76f4\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u6321\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u95e8\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\u3002\u628a\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u3001\u6b8b\u969c\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u76f2\u4eba\u548c\u65e0\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u8005\u7b49\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u4e4b\u4eba\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u662f\u8f7b\u800c\u6613\u4e3e\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u6781\u4e3a\u611a\u8822\u3002\u201d[33]1892\u5e74\u603b\u7edf\u5e74\u5ea6\u54a8\u6587\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6070\u597d\u4e3a\u65bd\u74e6\u5e03\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f50\u8bc1\u3002\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7279\u522b\u7559\u5fc3\u672c\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\u8f93\u5165\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u62e5\u6324\u7684\u7edf\u8231\u8f6e\u8239\u4f1a\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5e26\u6765\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u7edf\u8231\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u5176\u5927\u591a\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u761f\u75ab\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u6743\u5c06\u90aa\u6076\u4e4b\u5f92\u3001\u65e0\u77e5\u4e4b\u8f88\u3001\u6270\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\u3001\u7a77\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5951\u7ea6\u52b3\u5de5\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u8d1f\u6709\u8fd9\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6392\u65a5\u5982\u6d2a\u6c34\u822c\u6d8c\u5165\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u201d[34]\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u4e34\u970d\u4e71\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u603b\u7edf\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b9e\u65bd20\u5929\u68c0\u75ab\u4ee4\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4ee5\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u9664\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u8bae\u9898\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2(William E\uff0eChandler)\u30021892\u5e7412\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u9879\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ece1893\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002[35]\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5148\u540e\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u591a\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fd9\u9879\u8bae\u6848\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533b\u751f\u5927\u591a\u5f3a\u8c03\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e43\u662f\u970d\u4e71\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(Stephen Smith)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u83cc\u53ef\u5728\u6e29\u6696\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u65e7\u8863\u670d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u53ca\u5176\u79c1\u4eba\u7269\u54c1\u4e3a\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u83cc\u4f20\u64ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f97\u5929\u72ec\u539a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u65c5\u5ba2\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u970d\u4e71\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f20\u64ad\u970d\u4e71\u3002\u201d[36]\u533b\u751f\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u9664\u975e\u662f\u7531\u8fd0\u8f7d\u6c61\u79fd\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8239\u53ea\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u970d\u4e71\u4ece\u672a\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6d77\u5cb8\u3002\u6211\u53cd\u590d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5f53\u6b27\u6d32\u51fa\u73b0\u970d\u4e71\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u6765\u6216\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u672c\u56fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201d[37]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6392\u65a5\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u79fb\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u52a8\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u3002\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u5728\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u8bae\u6848\u8fa9\u62a4\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u95f4\u6d41\u9732\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u540c\u5316\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u5815\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u79e9\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u9a71\u9010\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u672c\u5927\u9646\u806a\u6167\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5408\u6cd5\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u5bcc\u88d5\u548c\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u5c06\u957f\u671f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3002\u9664\u975e\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u6700\u8fd1\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8d76\u8d70\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d[38]\u5982\u679c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5bf9\u8d74\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u65bd\u989d\u5916\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u300b(A Bill Establishing Additional Regulations Concerning Immigration to the United States)\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u3002\u8be5\u8bae\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u7c7b\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e74\u6ee112\u5c81\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcd\u8bed\u8bfb\u5199\u8005\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u62b5\u8fbe\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u64912\u4e2a\u6708\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u6237\u4e3b\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u5931\u660e\u8005\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u8005\u6216\u56db\u80a2\u4e0d\u5168\u8005\u7b49\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u5931\u53bb\u4f53\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d1f\u62c5\uff1b\u56db\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u3002[39]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7528\u5fc3\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8096\u00b7\u6bd4\u6797\u65af(John Shaw Billings)\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u5230\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u62e5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5371\u9669\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u7968\u3002\u201d[40]\u6bd4\u6797\u65af\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u53ef\u8c13\u97ad\u8f9f\u5165\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u9879\u8bae\u6848\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e88\u4ee5\u9a73\u65a5\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f52\u56fd\u89c2\u5149\u5ba2\u4e5f\u662f\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u970d\u4e71\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u65af(Roger Q\uff0eMills)\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u7ec6\u83cc\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8d27\u7269\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u85cf\u8eab\u5728\u5934\u7b49\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f5c\u85cf\u4e8e\u7edf\u8231\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u8863\u7269\uff0c\u761f\u75ab\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d8b\u708e\u9644\u52bf\u8005\u3002\u2026\u2026\u672c\u56fd\u5bcc\u5eb6\u6770\u51fa\u4e4b\u4eba\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u5fae\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u4f1a\u67d3\u75c5\u3002\u201d[41]\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u591a\u5c14\u592b(Dolph)\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u970d\u4e71\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u7edf\u8231\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u5ba2\u8231\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002[42]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u96be\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u53d1\u6325\u963b\u6b62\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u6709\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e25\u683c\u68c0\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u970d\u4e71\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u5546\u5965\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u52b3\u65af(Oscar Straus)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u68c0\u75ab\u5236\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5b8c\u5907\uff0c\u68c0\u75ab\u8bbe\u65bd\u8d8a\u9f50\u5168\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u635f\u5931\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u672c\u56fd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8f6e\u8239\u3001\u8d27\u7269\u548c\u65c5\u5ba2\u5b9e\u65bd\u54ea\u7c7b\u68c0\u75ab\u548c\u536b\u751f\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[43]\u5317\u8fbe\u79d1\u4ed6\u5dde\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u6c49\u65af\u5e03\u9c81(HenryC\uff0eHansbrough)\u540c\u6837\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u7684\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u68c0\u75ab\u9887\u5177\u5a01\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u970d\u4e71\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u5b83\u50cf\u5dde\u548c\u5e02\u653f\u5f53\u5c40\u6cbb\u7406\u5929\u82b1\u548c\u767d\u5589\u90a3\u6837\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u201d[44]\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\u662f\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u9884\u9632\u970d\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d5e\u8a89\u3002\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u9ea6\u514b\u5f17\u68ee(Mcpherson)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u201c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\u201d\u3002[45]\u65bd\u74e6\u5e03\u5f3a\u8c03\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7981\u6b62\u6216\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u5165\u5883\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u518d\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u77ff\u5c71\u5f00\u91c7\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u6e05\u7406\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u663e\u7136\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002[46]\u6216\u8bb8\u6c49\u65af\u5e03\u9c81\u4ece\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e94\u62d2\u7edd\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4ee4\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e16\u754c\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u673a\u5668\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77ff\u85cf\u3002\u201d[47]\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6301\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u613f\u89c1\u5230\u7981\u6b62\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u9020\u6210\u6d88\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u906d\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u7684\u8bae\u6848\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\u7684\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u6700\u7ec8\u57281893\u5e742\u670815\u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6388\u4e88\u6d77\u6d0b\u533b\u9662\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u9644\u52a0\u68c0\u75ab\u6743\u529b\u548c\u9644\u52a0\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(An Act Granting Additional Quarantine Powers and Imposing Additional Duties upon the Marine\u00ad Hospital Service)\u3002[48]\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u536b\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u6536\u96c6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u68c0\u75ab\u6743\u529b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c\u516b\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u5dde\u68c0\u75ab\u7ad9\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u548c\u6d88\u6bd2\u8bbe\u5907\u8f6c\u4ea4\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7b14\u7531\u540e\u8005\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3a\u8bf1\u9975\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5dde\u5f53\u5c40\u5c06\u68c0\u75ab\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u4ea4\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u68c0\u75ab\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u6709\u6548\u7684\u68c0\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u75ab\u60c5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94b1\u5fb7\u52d2\u7b49\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u88ab\u5438\u7eb3\u8fdb\u8fd9\u9879\u68c0\u75ab\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u970d\u4e71\u7b49\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6709\u6743\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u5168\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u7981\u6b62\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n
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